In mathematics, the Turán number T(n,k,r) for r-uniform hypergraphs of order n is the smallest number of r-edges such that every induced subgraph on k vertices contains an edge. This number was determined for r = 2 by Turán (1941), and the problem for general r was introduced in Turán (1961). The paper (Sidorenko 1995) gives a survey of Turán numbers.

Definitions

Fix a set X of n vertices. For given r, an r-edge or block is a set of r vertices. A set of blocks is called a Turán (n,k,r) system (n ≥ k ≥ r) if every k-element subset of X contains a block. The Turán number T(n,k,r) is the minimum size of such a system.

Example

The complements of the lines of the Fano plane form a Turán (7,5,4)-system. T(7,5,4) = 7.^[1]

Relations to other combinatorial designs

It can be shown that

${\displaystyle T(n,k,r)\geq {\binom {n}{r}}{\binom {k}{r}}^{-1}.}$

Equality holds if and only if there exists a Steiner system S(n - k, n - r, n).^[2]

An (n,r,k,r)-lotto design is an (n, k, r)-Turán system. Thus, T(n,k, r) = L(n,r,k,r).^[3]

See also

• Forbidden subgraph problem
• Combinatorial design

References