U.S. Women's Clay Court Championships
Defunct tennis tournament
Event nameU.S. Open Clay Courts
TourGrand Prix (1971–1972)
WTA Tour (1973–1986)
Founded1912
Abolished1986
Editions55
LocationVarious
United States
SurfaceClay

The U.S. Open Clay Courts, known formally as the U.S. Clay Court Championships, was a national tennis championship for women that was sanctioned by the United States Tennis Association. The first edition was held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1912, two years after the first men's championships, and was won by May Sutton.[1][2] The final edition was held in 1986 and won by Steffi Graf. The tournament was not held in 1913, 1924–1939 and 1942. The doubles event was first held in 1914.[2]

Nancy Richey and Chris Evert won more singles titles (6) at this tournament than any other woman. Linda Tuero holds the record for runners-up in singles (3).

Locations

  • 1912: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
  • 1913: Not held
  • 1914: Cincinnati, Ohio (Cincinnati Tennis Club)
  • 1915: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh Athletic Association)
  • 1916: Cleveland, Ohio (Lakewood Tennis Club)
  • 1917: Cincinnati, Ohio (Cincinnati Tennis Club)
  • 1918–19: Chicago, Illinois (South Side Tennis Club)
  • 1920: Detroit, Michigan (Detroit Tennis Club)
  • 1921–23: Buffalo, New York (Park Club)
  • 1924–39: Not held
  • 1940–41: River Forest, Illinois (River Forest Tennis Club)
  • 1942: Not held
  • 1943–44: Detroit, Michigan (Detroit Tennis Club)
  • 1947: Salt Lake City, Utah (Salt Lake Tennis Club)
  • 1948–54: River Forest, Illinois (River Forest Tennis Club)
  • 1955: Atlanta, Georgia (Bryan M. Grant, Jr. Tennis Center)
  • 1956–65: River Forest, Illinois (River Forest Tennis Club)
  • 1966–68: Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Town Club)
  • 1969–86: Indianapolis, Indiana (Indianapolis Racquet Club)

Results

Singles

Year Champions Runners-up Score
1912United States May SuttonUnited States Mary Browne6–4, 6–2
1913Not held
1914United States Mary BrowneUnited States Louise Riddell Williams6–1, 3–6, 6–2
1915Norway Molla BjurstedtUnited States Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman3–6, 6–1, 6–3
1916Norway Molla BjurstedtUnited States Martha Guthrie8–6, 6–3
1917United States Ruth SandersUnited States W. E. Ellis6–1, 6–3
1918United States Carrie NeelyUnited States Adelaide Yager6–4, 6–2
1919United States Corinne GouldUnited States Carrie Neely6–4, 6–2
1920United States Marion ZindersteinUnited States Corinne Gould6–0, 6–1
1922Canada Lois Moyes BickleUnited States Leslie Bancroft3–6, 6–1, 7–5
1923United States Mayme McDonaldUnited States Lilian Scharman7–5, 1–6, 6–4
1924 –
1939
Not held
1940United States Alice MarbleUnited States Gracyn Wheeler7–5, 6–0
1941United States Pauline BetzUnited States Mary Arnold6–3, 6–1
1942Not held
1943United States Pauline BetzUnited States Nancy Corbett6–1, 6–0
1944United States Dorothy BundyUnited States Mary Arnold7–5, 6–4
1945United States Sarah Palfrey CookeUnited States Pauline Betz6–3, 7–5
1946United States Barbara KraseUnited States Virginia Kovacs10–8, 6–4
1947United States Mary Arnold PrentissUnited States Dorothy Head6–1, 6–1
1948Romania Magda RuracUnited States Dorothy Head6–2, 6–0
1949Romania Magda RuracUnited States Beverly Baker2–6, 9–7, 6–3
1950United States Doris HartUnited States Shirley Fry6–1, 6–3
1951United States Dorothy HeadUnited States Patricia Canning Todd4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1952United States Anita KanterUnited States Lucille Davidson6–4, 6–3
1953United States Maureen ConnollyUnited States Althea Gibson6–4, 6–4
1954United States Maureen ConnollyUnited States Doris Hart6–3, 6–1
1955United States Dorothy Head KnodeUnited States Barbara Breit6–4, 6–3
1956United States Shirley FryUnited States Althea Gibson7–5, 6–1
1957United States Althea GibsonUnited States Darlene Hard6–2, 6–3
1958United States Dorothy Head Knode[3]United States Karol Fageros6–3, 6–8, 6–2
1959United States Sally MooreSouth Africa Sandra Reynolds6–2, 2–6, 6–3
1960United States Dorothy Head KnodeUnited States Gwyneth Thomas6–3, 6–4
1961West Germany Edda BudingUnited States Karen Hantze6–4, 2–6, 6–4
1962United States Donna FloydUnited States Carole Caldwell6–3, 6–1
1963United States Nancy RicheyUnited States Victoria Palmer6–1, 6–1
1964United States Nancy RicheyUnited States Carole Caldwell Graebner6–2, 6–1
1965United States Nancy RicheyUnited States Julie Heldman5–7, 6–3, 9–7
1966United States Nancy RicheyUnited States Stephanie DeFina6–2, 6–2
1967United States Nancy RicheyUnited States Rosemary Casals6–2, 6–3
1968United States Nancy RicheyUnited States Linda Tuero6–3, 6–3
1969France Gail Sherriff ChanfreauUnited States Linda Tuero6–2, 6–2
1970United States Linda TueroFrance Gail Sherriff Chanfreau7–5, 6–1
1971United States Billie Jean KingUnited States Linda Tuero6–4, 7–5
1972United States Chris EvertAustralia Evonne Goolagong7–6(5–2), 6–1
1973United States Chris EvertUnited Kingdom Veronica Burton6–4, 6–3
1974United States Chris EvertFrance Gail Sherriff Chanfreau6–0, 6–0
1975United States Chris EvertAustralia Dianne Fromholtz6–3, 6–4
1976United States Kathy MaySouth Africa Brigitte Cuypers6–4, 4–6, 6–2
1977United States Laura DuPontUnited States Nancy Richey6–4, 6–3
1978United States Dana GilbertArgentina Viviana González6–2, 6–3
1979United States Chris EvertAustralia Evonne Goolagong Cawley6–4, 6–3
1980United States Chris EvertUnited States Andrea Jaeger6–4, 6–3
1981United States Andrea JaegerRomania Virginia Ruzici6–1, 6–0
1982Romania Virginia RuziciCzechoslovakia Helena Suková6–2, 6–0
1983Hungary Andrea TemesváriUnited States Zina Garrison6–2, 6–2
1984Bulgaria Manuela MaleevaUnited States Lisa Bonder6–4, 6–3
1985Hungary Andrea TemesváriUnited States Zina Garrison7–6, 6–3
1986West Germany Steffi GrafArgentina Gabriela Sabatini2–6, 7–6, 6–4

Doubles

Year Champions Runners-up Score
1944United States Pauline Betz
United States Doris Hart
1945United States Pauline Betz
United States Doris Hart
1946United States Shirley Fry
United States Mary Arnold Prentiss
United States Virginia Kovacs
United States Barbara Scofield
6–4, 6–1
1947United States Gussie Moran
United States Mary Arnold Prentiss
United States Shirley Fry
United States Barbara Krase
6–4, 6–4
1948Not held
1949Not held
1950United States Shirley Fry
United States Doris Hart
United States Beverly Baker
Romania Magda Rurac
2–6, 6–4, 6–4
1951Romania Magda Rurac
United States Patricia Canning Todd
United States Dorothy Head
United States Anita Kanter
1952United States Lucille Davidson
United States Doris Popple
United States Anita Kanter
United States Joan Merciadas
7–5, 6–4
1953United States Anita Kanter
Australia Thelma Coyne Long
United States Maureen Connolly
United States Julia Sampson
6–3, 6–0
1954United States Maureen Connolly
United States Doris Hart
United States Althea Gibson
United States Ethel Norton
6–3, 6–2
1955United States Dorothy Head Knode
United States Janet Hopps
United States Pat Shaffer
United States Barbara Breit
6–2, 3–6, 6–3
1956United States Shirley Fry
United States Dorothy Head Knode
Mexico Martha Hernández
Mexico Yola Ramírez
6–2, 6–2
1957United States Althea Gibson
United States Darlene Hard
United States Karol Fageros
United States Jeanne Arth
6–3, 6–0
1958United States Karol Fageros
United States Dorothy Head Knode
1959South Africa Sandra Reynolds
South Africa Renée Schuurman
United States Jeanne Arth
United States Janet Hopps
1960United States Darlene Hard
United States Billie Jean Moffitt
United States Justina Bricka
United States Carol Hanks
6–3, 6–4
1961United States Justina Bricka
United States Carol Hanks
1962United States Darlene Hard
United States Susan Behlmar
1963Brazil Maria Bueno
United States Darlene Hard
1964United States Carole Graebner
United States Nancy Richey
1965United States Carole Graebner
United States Nancy Richey
1966Australia Karen Krantzcke
Australia Kerry Melville
South Africa Esmé Emmanuel
South Africa Maryna Godwin
1–6, 6–4, 6–4
1967Australia Karen Krantzcke
Australia Kerry Melville
1968United States Nancy Richey
United States Valerie Ziegenfuss
1969Australia Lesley Turner Bowrey
France Gail Sherriff Chanfreau
United States Emilie Burrer
United States Linda Tuero
6–0, 10–8
1970United States Rosemary Casals
France Gail Sherriff Chanfreau
Australia Helen Gourlay
South Africa Patricia Walkden
6–2, 6–2
1971Australia Judy Tegart Dalton
United States Billie Jean King
United States Julie Heldman
United States Linda Tuero
6–1, 6–2
1972Australia Evonne Goolagong
Australia Lesley Hunt
Australia Margaret Smith Court
United States Pam Teeguarden
6–2, 6–1
1973United States Patti Hogan
United States Sharon Walsh
Uruguay Fiorella Bonicelli
Colombia María-Isabel Fernández
6–4, 6–4
1974France Gail Sherriff Chanfreau
United States Julie Heldman
United States Chris Evert
United States Jeanne Evert
6–3, 6–1
1975Uruguay Fiorella Bonicelli
Colombia María-Isabel Fernández
France Gail Sherriff Chanfreau
United States Julie Heldman
3–6, 7–5, 6–3
1976South Africa Linky Boshoff
South Africa Ilana Kloss
United States Laura DuPont
Australia Wendy Turnbull
6–2, 6–3
1977South Africa Linky Boshoff
South Africa Ilana Kloss
United States Mary Carillo
United States Wendy Overton
5–7, 7–5, 6–3
1978Sweden Helena Anliot
Denmark Helle Sparre-Viragh
United States Barbara Hallquist
United States Sheila McInerney
6–3, 6–1
1979United States Kathy Jordan
United States Anne Smith
United States Penny Johnson
United States Paula Smith
6–1, 6–0
1980United States Anne Smith
United States Paula Smith
Romania Virginia Ruzici
Czechoslovakia Renáta Tomanová
6–4, 3–6, 6–4
1981United States JoAnne Russell
Romania Virginia Ruzici
United Kingdom Sue Barker
United States Paula Smith
6–2, 6–2
1982Argentina Ivanna Madruga
France Catherine Tanvier
United States JoAnne Russell
Romania Virginia Ruzici
7–5, 7–6
1983United States Kathleen Horvath
Romania Virginia Ruzici
United States Gigi Fernández
United States Beth Herr
4–6, 7–6, 6–2
1984South Africa Beverly Mould
United States Paula Smith
United States Elise Burgin
United States JoAnne Russell
6–2, 7–5
1985Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva
Bulgaria Manuela Maleeva
United States Penny Barg
United States Paula Smith
3–6, 6–3, 6–4
1986West Germany Steffi Graf
Argentina Gabriela Sabatini
United States Gigi Fernández
United States Robin White
6–2, 6–0

See also

References

  1. "Norris Williams New Tennis Champ". The Pittsburgh Press. Jul 2, 1912.
  2. 1 2 Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 337, 338. ISBN 9780047960420.
  3. "Knode, Tut Give Foes Lessons". The Miami News. Jul 20, 1958.
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