USS Bullhead (SS-332)
History
United States
NameBullhead
BuilderElectric Boat Company, Groton, Connecticut[1]
Laid down21 October 1943[1]
Launched16 July 1944[1]
Commissioned4 December 1944[1]
FateSunk by Japanese aircraft in the Java Sea, 6 August 1945[2]
NotesOne of the last vessels to be sunk in World War II
Badge
General characteristics
Class and typeBalao-class diesel-electric submarine[2]
Displacement
  • 1,526 long tons (1,550 t) surfaced[2]
  • 2,424 long tons (2,463 t) submerged[2]
Length311 ft 9 in (95.02 m)[2]
Beam27 ft 3 in (8.31 m)[2]
Draft16 ft 10 in (5.13 m) maximum[2]
Propulsion
Speed
  • 20.25 knots (37.50 km/h; 23.30 mph) surfaced[3]
  • 8.75 knots (16.21 km/h; 10.07 mph) submerged[3]
Range11,000 nmi (20,000 km; 13,000 mi) surfaced at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)[3]
Endurance
  • 48 hours at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) submerged[3]
  • 75 days on patrol
Test depth400 ft (120 m)[3]
Complement10 officers, 70–71 enlisted[3]
Armament

USS Bullhead (SS-332), a Balao-class submarine, was the last US Navy ship sunk by enemy action during World War II, probably on the same day that an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. She was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the bullhead (any large-headed fish, especially the catfish, miller's thumb, and sculpin).

Construction and commissioning

Bullhead′s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company of Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 16 July 1944 sponsored by Mrs. Howard R. Doyle, and commissioned 4 December 1944.

Operations

Bullhead served in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II. The war operations of Bullhead extended from 21 March to August 1945 during which time she completed two war patrols. Her area of operations included the Java Sea and South China Sea and the Gulf of Siam.

First patrol

During the greater portion of her first war patrol Bullhead performed lifeguard services and on two occasions bombarded Pratas Island, China, damaging enemy radio installations. She also rescued three airmen from a downed Boeing B-29 Superfortress following an airstrike on the China coast. On 8 April 1945, a United States Army Air Forces B-24 Liberator bomber mistakenly dropped three or four bombs on Bullhead as she submerged in the South China Sea 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) southwest of Macao, China. Bullhead suffered no damage or casualties.[5] On 19 April, an Allied aircraft — probably another U.S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberator, mistakenly dropped two depth charges on Bullhead as she submerged in the South China Sea. The depth charges detonated as Bullhead reached 100 feet (30 m). She suffered no damage or casualties.[6]

Second patrol

On her second patrol, in May and June 1945 in the Gulf of Siam and the South China Sea, Bullhead sank two small freighters, a schooner and a submarine chaser totaling 1,800 tons and damaged two more sub chasers and another small freighter, all in gun actions.[7]

Third patrol and sinking

USS Bullhead Memorial Park in Albuquerque, New Mexico, dedicated 7 April 1979

On 31 July 1945 Bullhead left Fremantle submarine base, Western Australia to commence her third war patrol. Her orders were to patrol in a "wolfpack" with Capitaine and Puffer in the Java Sea until 5 September and then head for Subic Bay in the Philippines.

Bullhead reported on 6 August that she had passed through Lombok Strait. That was the last word received from Bullhead. On 12 August, Capitaine, planning to arrive on 13 August, ordered Bullhead to take position the following day in a scouting line with Capitaine and Puffer. Receiving no reply, Capitaine reported on 15 August, "Have been unable to contact Bullhead by any means since arriving in area."

Since the British submarines HMS Taciturn and Thorough were in the same general area as Bullhead, and Cod and Chub passed through in transit at various times, it is difficult to determine precisely which of the many Japanese anti-submarine attacks was the one that sank Bullhead. However, one occurred on 6 August 1945, when a Mitsubishi Ki-51 from the 73rd Independent Chutai (literally "company" or squadron) of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force attacked with depth charges. It claimed two direct hits, and for ten minutes thereafter, there was a great amount of gushing oil and air bubbles rising in the water. Since the position given is very near the Balinese coast, it is presumed that the proximity of mountain peaks shortened Bullhead's radar range and prevented her from receiving a warning of the plane's approach. 84 men were lost while serving on Bullhead during her service.

Honors and awards

Bullhead received two battle stars for her World War II service.

Commemoration

USS Bullhead memorial at the Western Australian Maritime Museum

In August 2022, on the 76th anniversary of the submarine's sinking, a new memorial for USS Bullhead was unveiled at the Western Australian Maritime Museum, Fremantle, Western Australia in the presence of the U.S. Consul General David Gainer.[8]

See also

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
  4. 1 2 U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
  5. ↑ Hinman & Campbell, pp. 30–31.
  6. ↑ Hinman & Campbell, p. 31.
  7. ↑ Bullhead's 1945 records claims are one ship sunk 30 May; one ship sunk 18 June; one ship sunk and three damaged 19 June and one ship sunk 25 June; for confirmation of two ships sunk by Bullhead 18 & 19 June – see
  8. ↑ "New U.S. Submarine Memorial Unveiled in Perth". U.S. Embassy in Canberra. Canberra. 6 August 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2022.

Bibliography

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