Ulmus × hollandica 'Groeneveld'
'Groeneveld' Stanmer Park, Brighton, UK
Hybrid parentageU. × hollandica × U. minor
Cultivar'Groeneveld'
OriginNetherlands

The Dutch hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Groeneveld' was cloned in 1949 at the De Dorschkamp Institute, Wageningen, and released in 1963 in response to the earlier, less virulent form of Dutch elm disease that afflicted Europe shortly after the First World War.[1][2] The cultivar was derived from a crossing of Dutch clones '49',[3] (originally believed to be an English Wych Elm Ulmus glabra but later identified as another example of Ulmus × hollandica) and '1', a Field Elm Ulmus minor found in central France and marketed by the Barbier nursery in Orléans.[4]

Description

'Groeneveld' leaves

The tree is slow growing, and produces a dense, upswept growth which initially made it popular as a street tree in the Netherlands.[5] The dark-green obovate leaves are < 9 cm long by 4 cm broad, arranged in clusters on short branchlets.[6][7][8]

Pests and diseases

'Groeneveld' has good resistance to Coral-spot fungus Nectria cinnabarina, and Black Spot . However, like all the other Dutch hybrids released before 1989, it proved to have only marginal resistance, rated 3 out of 5 [9] to the later, virulent form of Dutch elm disease and consequently planting is no longer recommended where the disease is prevalent.[4][10]

Cultivation

'Groeneveld' was also introduced elsewhere in Europe, including Britain, in small numbers. The tree was briefly propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire from 1975 to 1977, during which time 29 were sold.[11][12] The tree was planted in trials in Canberra, Australia started in 1988, but has not shown promise in that environment so far; it has however proved popular in New Zealand. There are several specimens in American arboreta (see under Accessions).

Notable trees

The TROBI Champion tree in the UK is at Stanmer Park, near Brighton, East Sussex, measuring 18 m high by 53 cm d.b.h. in 2002[13]

Etymology

'Groeneveld' translates as 'green field', and was named for the eponymous de Dorschkamp trial site at Wageningen.

Hybrid cultivars

Accessions

North America

Europe

Nurseries

Europe

Oceania

References

  1. ↑ Burdekin, D.A.; Rushforth, K.D. (November 1996). Revised by J.F. Webber. "Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease" (PDF). Arboriculture Research Note. 2/96: 1–9. ISSN 1362-5128. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  2. ↑ Santamour, Frank S.; Bentz, Susan E. (May 1995). "Updated Checklist of Elm (Ulmus) Cultivars for use in North America". Journal of Arboriculture. 21 (3): 122–131. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  3. ↑ Trial elm 'Clone 49', WAG.1846749 bioportal.naturalis.nl
  4. 1 2 Heybroek, H.M. (15 March 1964). Translated by Holmes, F.W. "De iep 'Groeneveld'" [The Groeneveld elm]. Plant Disease Reporter. 48 (3): 187–189. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  5. ↑ White, J. & More, D. (2002). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Cassell's, London.
  6. ↑ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846627". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled 'Baarn, trial elm no.296', 1962 = 'Groeneveld' (Heybroek); "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846630". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Samarae specimen. Sheet labelled 'Baarn, trial elm no.296', 1962
  7. ↑ noordplant.nl, 'Groeneveld' leaves, Amsterdam
  8. ↑ Photographs of 'Groeneveld' elm and samarae
  9. ↑ Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. ISBN 9789050112819
  10. ↑ Heybroek, H.M. (1993). "The Dutch Elm Breeding Program". In Sticklen, Mariam B.; Sherald, James L. (eds.). Dutch Elm Disease Research. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag. pp. 16–25. ISBN 978-1-4615-6874-2. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  11. ↑ Hillier & Sons (1977). Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.
  12. ↑ Hillier & Sons Sales inventory 1962 to 1977 (unpublished).
  13. ↑ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland, 169. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. ISBN 9781842464526.
  14. ↑ Johnson, O. (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, ISBN 9781873580615
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