1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections

1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections
	August 6, 1860 – October 24, 1861
All 183 seats in the United States House of Representatives; 92 seats needed for a majority
	Results; Democratic gain Democratic hold; Republican gain Republican hold; Unionist gain Independent hold
Speaker before election; William Pennington; Republican	Elected Speaker ; Galusha Grow; Republican

The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 6, 1860, and October 24, 1861, before or after the first session of the 37th United States Congress convened on July 4, 1861. The number of House seats initially increased to 239 when California was apportioned an extra one, but these elections were affected by the outbreak of the American Civil War and resulted in over 56 vacancies.

In November 1860, Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Presidency. Though Republicans lost seats, the party won a House majority anyway as seven slave states reacted to Lincoln's election by seceding before the Presidential inauguration. These seceding states formed the Confederacy in February 1861 while withdrawing many Representatives and Senators from Congress, almost all Democrats. As both sides in the impending American Civil War initially mobilized troops, another four slave states seceded by May 1861 in response to Lincoln's policy of using Federal force to defend Federal property and to coerce the seven initially seceding states. The four remaining slave states did not secede, electing and returning Representatives normally.

Unionist regions of three seceding states returned ten Representatives: five from western Virginia, three from eastern Tennessee, and two from southern Louisiana. Except for a tiny minority of outspoken Democrats, all Representatives supported the Union. Representatives opposing Democrats but unwilling to identify as Republican, particularly from slave states and including some remaining nativist American Party members, coalesced as the Unionist Party. In coalition with the Unionists, Republicans commanded over a two-thirds House supermajority.^[1]

Election summaries

California was apportioned one additional seat for the 37th Congress,^[2] increasing the total seats to 239.

Representatives from seceding states overwhelmingly were Democrats. Withdrawal of these Representatives boosted Republican House control. Some seceding states held Federal elections, but seceded before the elected Representatives served. Other seceding states held no Federal elections.

↓
44	1	108	30
Democratic	^{[lower-alpha 7]}	Republican	Unionist

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic		Republican		Unionist^{[lower-alpha 8]}		Others
State	Type	Date	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Kansas^{[lower-alpha 9]}	At-large	December 1, 1859	1	0		1	1	0		0
Oregon	At-large	June 4, 1860	1	1		0		0		0
Arkansas	District	August 6, 1860	2	2		0		0		0
Missouri	District	August 6, 1860	7	5	1	1	1	1	1	0	1^{[lower-alpha 10]}
Vermont	District	September 4, 1860	3	0		3		0		0
Maine	District	September 10, 1860	6	0		6		0		0
Florida	At-large	October 1, 1860	1	1		0		0		0
South Carolina	District	October 8–9, 1860	6	6		0		0		0
Indiana	District	October 9, 1860	11	4		7		0		0
Iowa	District	October 9, 1860	2	0		2		0		0
Ohio	District	October 9, 1860	21	8	2	13	2	0		0
Pennsylvania	District	October 9, 1860	25	6	1	19	1	0		0
Delaware	At-large	November 6, 1860 (Election Day)^{[lower-alpha 11]}	1	0	1	0		1	1	0
Illinois	District		9	5		4		0		0
Massachusetts	District		11	0		10	1	1	1	0
Michigan	District		4	0	1	4	1	0		0
Minnesota	At-large		2	0		2		0		0
New Jersey	District		5	3	1	2	1	0		0
New York	District		33	10^{[lower-alpha 5]}	3	23	3	0		0
Wisconsin	District		3	0	1	3	1	0		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1861 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	District	March 12, 1861	3	0		3		0		0
Connecticut	District	April 1, 1861	4	2	2	2	2	0		0
Rhode Island	District	April 3, 1861	2	0		0	2	2	2	0
Maryland	District	June 13, 1861	6	0	3	0		6	6	0	3^{[lower-alpha 10]}
Kentucky	District	June 20, 1861	10	1	4	0		9	9	0	5^{[lower-alpha 12]}
Late elections (after the July 4, 1861 beginning of the first session of the 37th Congress)
Tennessee^{[lower-alpha 13]}	District	August 1, 1861^[3]	10^{[lower-alpha 14]}	0	3	0		3	3	0	7^{[lower-alpha 12]}
California	At-large	September 4, 1861	3^{[lower-alpha 15]}	0		3	1	0		0
Seceded states not holding full elections
Alabama	District	None	7	0	7	0		0		0
Georgia	District	None	8	0	6	0		0		0	2^{[lower-alpha 16]}
Louisiana	District	None	4	0	3	0		2^{[lower-alpha 17]}	2	0	1^{[lower-alpha 12]}
Mississippi	District	None	5	0	5	0		0		0
North Carolina	District	None	8	0	5	0		0		0	3^{[lower-alpha 12]}
Texas	District	None	2	0	2	0		0		0
Virginia	District	None	13^{[lower-alpha 18]}	0	12	0		5^{[lower-alpha 19]}	5	0	1^{[lower-alpha 12]}
Total^{[lower-alpha 20]}			181 58 vacancies	45^{[lower-alpha 5]} 24.6%	53	108 59.0%	8	30 16.4%	30	0 0.0%	24^{[lower-alpha 21]}

Popular vote

Republican			46.91%
Democratic			39.77%
Unionist			8.50%
Southern Rights			1.37%
Independent			2.75%
Others			0.70%

House seats

Republican			57.92%
Democratic			24.04%
Unionist			16.94%
Southern Rights			0.55%
Independent			0.55%

Special elections

There were special elections in 1860–61 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress.

36th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Missouri 1	Francis P. Blair Jr.	Republican	1856 1858 (lost) 1860 (contested)	Incumbent resigned June 25, 1860. New member elected October 3, 1860. Democratic gain. Winner lost election to the next term; see below.	▌Y John R. Barret (Democratic) 50.27% ▌Francis P. Blair Jr. (Republican) 49.70% ▌Albert Todd (Know Nothing) 0.02%^[4]
Pennsylvania 8	John Schwartz	Anti-Lecompton Democratic	1858	Incumbent died June 20, 1860. New member elected October 9, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term.	▌Y Jacob K. McKenty (Democratic) 56.19% ▌James McKnight (Republican) 43.81%^[5]
Maine 5	Israel Washburn Jr.	Republican	1850	Incumbent resigned January 1, 1861 to become Governor of Maine. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term.	▌Y Stephen Coburn (Republican) 65.86% ▌Joseph D. Brown (Democratic) 14.47% ▌Joseph Chase (Breckinridge Democratic) 14.92% ▌Abner Coburn (Independent) 0.86% ▌Ebenezer Hutchinson (Constitutional Union) 0.57% ▌Samuel H. Blake (Independent) 0.32%^[6]
New York 31	Silas M. Burroughs	Republican	1856	Incumbent died June 3, 1860. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold.	▌Y Edwin R. Reynolds (Republican) 59.02% ▌Linus J. Peck (Democratic) 39.09% ▌James L. Bowen (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.89%^[7]

37th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Ohio 7	Thomas Corwin	Republican	1858	Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to Mexico. New member elected May 28, 1861. Unionist gain. Winner seated July 4, 1861.	▌Y Richard A. Harrison (Unionist) 52.65% ▌Aaron Harlan (Democratic) 47.35%^[8]
Ohio 13	John Sherman	Republican	1854	Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected May 28, 1861. Republican hold. Winner seated July 4, 1861.	▌Y Samuel T. Worcester (Republican) 55.85% ▌William McLaughlin (Democratic) 44.15%^[9]
Massachusetts 3	Charles F. Adams Sr.	Republican	1858	Incumbent resigned May 1, 1861 to become Ambassador to Great Britain. New member elected June 11, 1861. Unionist gain.	▌Y Benjamin Thomas (Unionist) 90.80% ▌Eleazar Beal (Unknown) 9.2%^[10]
Pennsylvania 2	Edward Joy Morris	Republican	1856	Incumbent resigned June 8, 1861 to become U.S. Minister Resident to Turkey. New member elected June 21, 1861. Democratic gain. Winner seated July 2, 1861.	▌Y Charles J. Biddle (Democratic) 51.59% ▌Charles O'Neill (Republican) 48.41%^[11]
Pennsylvania 12	George W. Scranton	Republican	1858	Incumbent died March 24, 1861. New member elected June 21, 1861. Democratic gain. Winner seated July 4, 1861.	▌Y Hendrick B. Wright (Democratic) 67.82% ▌David R. Randall (Independent)^[12]
Iowa 1	Samuel Curtis	Republican	1856	Incumbent resigned August 4, 1861 to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry. New member elected October 8, 1861. Republican hold.	▌Y James F. Wilson (Republican) 56.66% ▌Jairus Edward Neal (Democratic) 40.94% Scattering 2.40%^[13]
Virginia 11	John S. Carlile	Unioinist	1859	Incumbent resigned July 9, 1861 to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia. New member elected October 24, 1861.^[14] Unionist hold. Winner took his seat December 2, 1861.	▌Y Jacob B. Blair (Unionist) [data missing]
Massachusetts 5	William Appleton	Constitutional Unioin	1850 1854 (lost) 1860	Incumbent resigned September 27, 1861 due to failing health. New member elected November 5, 1861. Republican gain. Winner seated December 2, 1861.	▌Y Samuel Hooper (Republican) 56.14% ▌George B. Upton (Democratic) 43.87%^[15]
Illinois 6	John A. McClernand	Democratic	1859 (special)	Incumbent resigned October 28, 1861 to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War. New member elected December 12, 1861. Democratic hold.	▌Y Anthony L. Knapp (Democratic) 97.99% Scattering 2.01%^[16]

Impact of the secessionist movement

United States 37th Congress,1861.
Pro-union Free states: dark blue. Pro-Union Slave' states: light blue; (West Virginia abolished slavery with statehood.)
Secessionist Convention Slave states: red
The numbers in Congress are reduced by the 'vacant' seats

In the wake of the declared secession of South Carolina from the Union on December 20, 1860, many Southern House members, mostly Democrats, refused to take their seats. Before 1872, different states held elections at various times; the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6, 1860, in Arkansas and Missouri, while the last election took place in California on September 4, 1861, a year later. Three Southern states – Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina – chose Representatives before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents. These were the only House elections from the seceding states to the 37th Congress. After South Carolina resolved disunion and the Confederate States of America was formed, other Southern states declared as well and elected Representatives to the new Congress of the Confederate States instead of the United States Congress.

Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts – in the previous 36th Congress their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists, five independents, and one member of the American Party – when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority.

Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 45 by Democrats,^{[lower-alpha 5]} 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.

End of a Congressional era

US Congressional Party Transformation, 1857–1863^[17]
Congress	35th 1857–59	36th 1859–61	37th 1861–63
United States House of Representatives
Seats (change)	237 (+3)	238 (+1)	183 (–55)
Republicans	90.38%	116.49%	108.59%
Unionists	0.0%	0.0%	31.17%
Americans (+)	14.6%	39.16% (4-way split)	0.0%
Democrats	133.56%	83.35%	44.24%
United States Senate
Seats (change)	66 (+4)	68 (+2)	50 (–18)
Republicans	20.30%	26.38%	31.62%
Unionists	0.0%	0.0%	3.6%
Americans	5.8%	2.3%	0.0%
Democrats	41.62%	38.58%	15.30%

In 1860, Lincoln's campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. Likewise, the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th–th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.^[18]

Columbia switches Stephen A. Douglas labeled with early election date 'news from Maine'.
Uncle Sam looks on approvingly.
Other early returns in PA, OH and IN showed good prospects for Republicans in the upcoming federal elections^[19]

Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis.^[20]

In the 1856 elections, the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years, with James Buchanan's victory over John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.^[21]

After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-unionists (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandingham) factions.^[22]

Results by region

The politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country. The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations, alphabetically by state, can be found in the 37th Congress article.

Party	Total seats	Change	Percentage
Republican	108	–8	59.0%
Democratic	44	–39	24.0%
Independent Democratic	1	–	0.5%
Constitutional Unionist	30	+30	16.3%
Totals	183	–56	100.0%

Each Region below lists the states composing it using Freehling's descriptions from 1860. The Representative's biographies are linked at their names. Each congressional district has a link, named by its state abbreviation and its assigned number or noted At-large election. In a time before the Census Department published aggregate population data by congressional district, the reader may have ready access to census data identifying the makeup of those each district by referring to their respective articles.

The articles use different formats. The constituent counties of congressional districts are sometimes listed in a content heading "List of representatives" within tables. These tables have a column naming the District's counties for each election, such as (a) "District Area" for Massachusetts, or (b) "Area" for Illinois and Maryland. Virginia uses "Historical composition of the district" to describe composition at each reapportionment. Pennsylvania notes the home county of the elected representative, sometimes holding the largest population for respective districts. Minnesota makes a geographical allusion for its 1st District applicable to the 37th Congress. Michigan uses "History" since 1852 for its 4th district. In some states, previous district composition is not described.

New England

Connecticut — Maine — Massachusetts — New Hampshire — Rhode Island — Vermont

The twenty-nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican, two Union one Constitutional Union, and two Democratic. The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature, Transcendentalism and the abolition movement.

North Central

New Jersey — New York

The 38 Representatives from this region would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export.

Border North

Illinois — Indiana — Michigan — Ohio — Pennsylvania — Wisconsin

The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans.

These are free-soil states, north of the Mason–Dixon line. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood.^[23]

Border South and Middle South

Delaware — Kentucky — Maryland — Missouri — Tennessee — Virginia

Of the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic,– would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee.

These were "slaveholding" states, all south of the Mason–Dixon line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25 to 33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep South 43–57%, except Texas, with 30%.)^[24]

Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents.^[25]

Trans-Mississippi West

California — Iowa — Kansas — Minnesota — Oregon — Non-voting members

West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents.

When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free-soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame-duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, in July 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress.

Vacant state delegations

Alabama — Arkansas — Florida — Georgia — Louisiana — Mississippi — North Carolina — South Carolina — Texas

Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. The following state delegations were entirely vacated.

Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the "Border South and Middle South" section.

Alabama

Alabama did not elect members to the House.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alabama 1	James Stallworth	Democratic	1857	Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Alabama 2	James L. Pugh	Democratic	1859	Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Alabama 3	David Clopton	Democratic	1859	Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Alabama 4	Sydenham Moore	Democratic	1857	Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Alabama 5	George S. Houston	Democratic	1851	Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Alabama 6	Williamson Cobb	Democratic	1847	Incumbent withdrew January 30, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Alabama 7	Jabez L. M. Curry	Democratic	1857	Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.

Arkansas

Arkansas elected its members on August 6, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arkansas 1	Thomas C. Hindman	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated.	▌Y Thomas C. Hindman (Democratic) 67.70% ▌Jesse N. Cypert (Independent) 32.60%
Arkansas 2	Albert Rust	Democratic	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent gain. Seat later vacated.	▌Y Edward W. Gantt (Independent) 54.38% ▌Charles B. Mitchel (Democratic) 42.69% ▌James A. Jones (Independent) 2.92%

California

From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at large, with the top two vote-getters winning the election from 1849 to 1858. In the 1860 census, California gained a seat in the House.

California elected its members on September 4, 1861, after the first session of the new Congress began.

The top three vote-getters were elected, but only the top two were seated at the beginning of the session. When Congress later authorized California the third seat, Frederick Low was seated June 3, 1862.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California at-large	John C. Burch	Democratic	1859	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Timothy Guy Phelps (Republican) 15.6% ▌Y Aaron A. Sargent (Republican) 15.3% ▌Y Frederick Low^{[lower-alpha 22]} (Republican) 11.8% ▌Henry Edgerton (Independent) 10.7% ▌Joseph C. McKibben (Independent) 10.7% ▌Frank Ganahl (Breckinridge Democratic) 10.2% ▌Henry P. Barber (Independent) 9.5% ▌D. O. Shattuck (Independent) 9.5% ▌John R. Gitchell (Union Democratic) 6.8%
	Charles L. Scott	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.
	None (new seat)			New seat. Republican gain.

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Connecticut elected its members on April 1, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut 1	Dwight Loomis	Republican	1859	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Dwight Loomis (Republican) 50.35% ▌Alvan P. Hyde (Democratic) 49.65%^[26]
Connecticut 2	John Woodruff	Republican	1855 1856 (lost) 1859	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y James E. English (Democratic) 52.29% ▌John Woodruff (Republican) 47.71%^[27]
Connecticut 3	Alfred A. Burnham	Republican	1859	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alfred A. Burnham (Republican) 57.25% ▌Rufus L. Baker (Democratic) 42.75%^[28]
Connecticut 4	Orris S. Ferry	Republican	1859	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y George C. Woodruff (Democratic) 50.18% ▌Orris S. Ferry (Republican) 49.82%^[29]

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Delaware elected its member on November 6, 1860 Election Day.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Delaware at-large	William G. Whiteley	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y George P. Fisher (Republican) 48.39% ▌Benjamin T. Biggs (Breckinridge Democratic) 46.85% ▌Elias Reed (Douglas Democratic) 4.76%

Florida

Florida elected its member on October 1, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida at-large	George S. Hawkins	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated.	▌Y Robert Benjamin Hilton (Democratic) 59.89% ▌B. F. Allen (Opposition) 40.11%

Georgia

Georgia did not elect members to the House.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Georgia 1	Peter Early Love	Democratic	1859	Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Georgia 2	Martin J. Crawford	Democratic	1855	Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Georgia 3	Thomas Hardeman Jr.	Opposition	1859	Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
Georgia 4	Lucius J. Gartrell	Democratic	1857	Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Georgia 5	John W. H. Underwood	Democratic	1859	Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Georgia 6	James Jackson	Democratic	1857	Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Georgia 7	Joshua Hill	Know Nothing	1857	Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Know Nothing loss.	None.
Georgia 8	John J. Jones	Democratic	1857	Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.

Illinois

Illinois elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Illinois 1	Elihu B. Washburne	Republican	1852	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elihu B. Washburne (Republican) 70.56% ▌Theodore A. C. Beard (Democratic) 29.39%
Illinois 2	John F. Farnsworth	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Isaac N. Arnold (Republican) 64.43% ▌Augustus N. Herrington (Democratic) 35.42%
Illinois 3	Owen Lovejoy	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Owen Lovejoy (Republican) 60.01% ▌Robert N. Murray (Democratic) 38.20% ▌William N. Murry (Independent) 1.79%
Illinois 4	William Kellogg	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Kellogg (Republican) 54.65% ▌Robert G. Ingersoll (Democratic) 45.35%
Illinois 5	Isaac N. Morris	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y William A. Richardson (Democratic) 53.58% ▌Benjamin M. Prentiss (Republican) 46.42%
Illinois 6	John A. McClernand	Democratic	1859 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John A. McClernand (Democratic) 56.63% ▌Henry Case (Republican) 43.38%
Illinois 7	James C. Robinson	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James C. Robinson (Democratic) 54.07% ▌James T. Cunningham (Republican) 45.93%
Illinois 8	Philip B. Fouke	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Philip B. Fouke (Democratic) 55.24% ▌Joseph Gillespie (Republican) 44.33% ▌Willis D. Green (Independent) 0.43%
Illinois 9	John A. Logan	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John A. Logan (Democratic) 80.03% ▌David T. Linegar (Independent) 19.97%

Indiana

Indiana elected its members on October 9, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Indiana 1	William E. Niblack	Democratic	1857	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y John Law (Democratic) 55.67% ▌Lemuel Q. Debruler (Republican) 44.33%
Indiana 2	William H. English	Democratic	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y James A. Cravens (Democratic) 51.28% ▌John S. Davis (Republican) 48.72%
Indiana 3	William M. Dunn	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William M. Dunn (Republican) 54.54% ▌William Mitchel Daily (Democratic) 45.46%
Indiana 4	William S. Holman	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William S. Holman (Democratic) 51.22% ▌James L. Yater (Republican) 48.78%
Indiana 5	David Kilgore	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y George W. Julian (Republican) 62.00% ▌William A. Bickle (Democratic) 38.00%
Indiana 6	Albert G. Porter	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Albert G. Porter (Republican) 52.29% ▌Robert L. Walpole (Democratic) 47.71%
Indiana 7	John G. Davis	Anti-Lecompton Democrat	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Daniel W. Voorhees (Democratic) 51.46% ▌Thomas H. Nelson (Republican) 47.28% ▌James A. Scott (Independent) 1.26%
Indiana 8	James Wilson	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Albert S. White (Republican) 53.67% ▌Samuel C. Wilson (Democratic) 46.33%
Indiana 9	Schuyler Colfax	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Schuyler Colfax (Republican) 55.71% ▌Charles W. Cathcart (Democratic) 44.29%
Indiana 10	Charles Case	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y William Mitchell (Republican) 55.62% ▌Philip M. Henkle (Democratic) 44.38%
Indiana 11	John U. Pettit	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y John P. C. Shanks (Republican) 54.07% ▌Asbury Steele (Democratic) 45.93%

Iowa

Iowa elected its members on October 9, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Iowa 1	Samuel R. Curtis	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel R. Curtis (Republican) 52.88% ▌C. C. Cole (Democratic) 47.12%
Iowa 2	William Vandever	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Vandever (Republican) 57.50% ▌Ben M. Samuels (Democratic) 42.50%

Kansas

Kansas elected its member on December 1, 1859.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kansas at-large	Martin F. Conway	Republican	1859 (new state)	State admitted January 29, 1861.	▌Y Martin F. Conway (Republican) [data missing]

Kentucky

Kansas elected its members on June 20, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 1	Henry C. Burnett	Democratic	1855	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry C. Burnett (Democratic) [data missing]
Kentucky 2	Samuel Peyton	Democratic	1857	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y James S. Jackson (Unionist) [data missing]
Kentucky 3	Francis Bristow	Opposition	1854 (special) 1855 (retired) 1859	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Henry Grider (Unionist) [data missing]
Kentucky 4	William C. Anderson	Opposition	1859	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Aaron Harding (Unionist) [data missing]
Kentucky 5	John Y. Brown	Democratic	1859	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Charles A. Wickliffe (Unionist) [data missing]
Kentucky 6	George W. Dunlap	Opposition	1847 1849 (retired) 1859	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Charles A. Wickliffe (Unionist) [data missing]
Kentucky 7	Robert Mallory	Opposition	1859	Incumbent re-elected in a new party. Unionist gain.	▌Y Robert Mallory (Unionist) [data missing]
Kentucky 8	William E. Simms	Democratic	1859	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y John J. Crittenden (Unionist) [data missing]
Kentucky 9	Laban T. Moore	Opposition	1859	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y William H. Wadsworth (Unionist) [data missing]
Kentucky 10	John W. Stevenson	Democratic	1857	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y John W. Menzies (Unionist) [data missing]

Louisiana

Louisiana seceded on January 26, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Louisiana 1	John Edward Bouligny	Know Nothing	1859	No member elected. Know Nothing loss.	None.
Louisiana 2	Miles Taylor	Democratic	1855	Incumbent withdrew February 5, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Louisiana 3	Thomas G. Davidson	Democratic	1855	No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Louisiana 4	John M. Landrum	Democratic	1859	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.

Maine

Maine elected its members on September 10, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maine 1	Daniel E. Somes	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y John N. Goodwin (Republican) 53.00% ▌Thomas M. Hayes (Democratic) 46.55% ▌Nathan Webb (Constitutional Union) 0.45%
Maine 2	John J. Perry	Republican	1854	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Charles W. Walton (Republican) 55.68% ▌Calvin Record (Democratic) 44.32%
Maine 3	Ezra B. French	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Samuel C. Fessenden (Republican) 52.54% ▌Alfred W. Johnson (Democratic) 47.46%
Maine 4	Freeman H. Morse	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Anson Morrill (Republican) 61.54% ▌Benjamin A. Fuller (Democratic) 35.30%
Maine 5	Israel Washburn Jr.	Republican	1850	Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maine. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y John H. Rice (Republican) 59.81% ▌Samuel H. Blake (Democratic) 38.69% ▌Ebenezer Hutchinson (Independent) 1.04%
Maine 6	Stephen C. Foster	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Frederick A. Pike (Republican) 53.88% ▌Bion Bradbury (Democratic) 45.12%

Maryland

Maryland elected its members on June 13, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 1	James A. Stewart	Democratic	1855	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y John W. Crisfield (Unionist) 57.39% ▌Daniel McHenry (States Rights) 42.61%
Maryland 2	Edwin H. Webster	Know Nothing	1859	Incumbent re-elected in a new party. Unionist gain.	▌Y Edwin H. Webster (Unionist) 98.63% Scattering 1.37%^[30]
Maryland 3	James M. Harris	Know Nothing	1855	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Cornelius L. L. Leary (Unionist) ▌William P. Preston (States Rights) 48.05%^[31]
Maryland 4	Henry W. Davis	Know Nothing	1855	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Henry May (Unionist) 57.55% ▌Henry W. Davis (Unionist) 42.45%^[32]
Maryland 5	Jacob M. Kunkel	Democratic	1857	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Francis Thomas (Unionist) 96.18% Scattering 3.82%
Maryland 6	George W. Hughes	Democratic	1859	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Charles B. Calvert (Unionist) 50.92% ▌Benjamin G. Harris (States Rights) 49.08%^[33]

Massachusetts

Massachusetts elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	Thomas D. Eliot	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas D. Eliot (Republican) 72.53% ▌Daniel Fisher (Constitutional Union) 10.47% ▌Moses Bates (Democratic) 8.66% ▌F. E. Sanford (Breckinridge Democratic) 8.34%
Massachusetts 2	James Buffington	Republican	1854	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Buffington (Republican) 68.40% ▌Alexander Long (Democratic) 29.85%
Massachusetts 3	Charles Francis Adams Sr.	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles Francis Adams Sr. (Republican) 58.57% ▌Leverett Saltonstall (Democratic) 41.43%
Massachusetts 4	Alexander H. Rice	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alexander H. Rice (Republican) 52.32% ▌Erastus B. Bigelow (Republican) 47.68%
Massachusetts 5	Anson Burlingame	Republican	1854	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Constitutional Union gain.	▌Y William Appleton (Constitutional Union) 52.3% ▌Anson Burlingame (Republican) 47.7%
Massachusetts 6	John B. Alley	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John B. Alley (Democratic) 53.2% ▌Otis P. Lord (Constitutional Union) 16.16% ▌Jefferson Knight (Democratic) 14.39% ▌George B. Loring (Breckinridge Democratic) 4.72%
Massachusetts 7	Daniel W. Gooch	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Daniel W. Gooch (Republican) 60.48% ▌Charles A. Welch (Democratic) 35.79% ▌George Johnson (Breckinridge Democratic) 3.74%
Massachusetts 8	Charles R. Train	Republican	1859	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles R. Train (Republican) 64.88% ▌Alpheus R. Brown (Democratic) 16.72% ▌Winthrop E. Faulkner (Constitutional Union) 15.67% ▌James C. Abbott (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.74%
Massachusetts 9	Eli Thayer	Constitutional Union	1856	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Goldsmith Bailey (Republican) 54.74% ▌Eli Thayer ([Constitutional Unionist) 44.65% ▌S. W. Stevens (Breckinridge Democratic) 0.61%
Massachusetts 10	Charles Delano	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles Delano (Republican) 75.39% ▌Josiah Allis (Democratic) 19.02% ▌Benning Leavitt (Breckingridge Democratic) 5.59%
Massachusetts 11	Henry L. Dawes	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry L. Dawes (Republican) 67.71% ▌Norman T. Leonard (Democratic) 28.60% ▌John M. Cole (Breckinridge Democratic) 3.69%

Michigan

Michigan its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Michigan 1	William A. Howard	Republican	1854	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Bradley F. Granger (Republican) 52.51% ▌George V. Lathrop (Democratic) 47.04% ▌John Conely (Independent) 0.45%
Michigan 2	Henry Waldron	Republican	1854	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Fernando C. Beaman (Republican) 60.16% ▌Salathiel C. Coffenberry (Democratic) 39.84%
Michigan 3	Francis W. Kellogg	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Francis W. Kellogg (Republican) 59.04% ▌Thomas B. Church (Democratic) 40.59% ▌John Bell (Independent) 0.37%
Michigan 4	Dewitt C. Leach	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Rowland E. Trowbridge (Republican) 55.79% ▌Edward Thompson (Democratic) 44.21%

Minnesota

Minnesota elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Minnesota at-large	Cyrus Aldrich (Republican)	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Cyrus Aldrich (Republican) 31.75% ▌William Windom (Republican) 31.51% ▌John M. Gilman (Democratic) 17.30% ▌James George (Democratic) 17.24% ▌Alonzo Jay Edgerton (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.12% ▌James W. Taylor (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.09%
Minnesota at-large	William Windom (Republican)	1858	Incumbent re-elected.

Mississippi

Mississippi seceded on January 9, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1	Lucius Q. C. Lamar	Democratic	1857	Incumbent retired December 1860. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None
Mississippi 2	Reuben Davis	Democratic	1857	Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None
Mississippi 3	William Barksdale	Democratic	1855	Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None
Mississippi 4	Otho R. Singleton	Democratic	1857	Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None
Mississippi 5	John J. McRae	Democratic	1858 (special)	Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None

Missouri

Missouri elected its members on September 10, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Missouri 1	John Richard Barret	Democratic	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Francis Preston Blair Jr. (Republican) 44.11% ▌John Richard Barret (Democratic) 38.39% ▌Albert Todd (Constitutional Union) 17.50%
Missouri 2	Thomas L. Anderson	Independent Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Constitutional Union gain.	▌Y James S. Rollins (Constitutional Union) 50.57% ▌John B. Henderson (Democratic) 49.43%
Missouri 3	John Bullock Clark	Democratic	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Bullock Clark (Democratic) 59.06% ▌M. C. Hawkins (Constitutional Union) 40.94%
Missouri 4	James Craig	Democratic	1856	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected.^[34] Democratic hold	▌Y Elijah Hise Norton (Democratic) 62.30% ▌John Scott (Constitutional Union) 37.70%
Missouri 5	Samuel H. Woodson	American	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y John William Reid (Democratic) 52.84% ▌F. T. Mitchell (Constitutional Union) 47.16%
Missouri 6	John S. Phelps	Democratic	1844	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John S. Phelps (Democratic) 48.89% ▌J. S. Rains (Constitutional Union) 40.02% ▌William C. Price (Ind. Democratic) 11.09%
Missouri 7	John William Noell	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John William Noell (Democratic) 73.64% ▌David E. Perryman (Constitutional Union) 26.37%

Nebraska Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nevada Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire elected its members on March 12, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire 1	Gilman Marston	Republican	1859	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Gilman Marston (Republican) 52.86% ▌Daniel Marcy (Democratic) 47.14%^[35]
New Hampshire 2	Mason Tappan	Republican	1855	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Edward H. Rollins (Republican) 52.36 ▌Samuel N. Bell (Democratic) 47.64%^[36]
New Hampshire 3	Thomas M. Edwards	Republican	1859	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas M. Edwards (Republican) 54.23% ▌William Burns (Democratic) 45.77%^[37]

New Jersey

New Jersey its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Jersey 1	John T. Nixon	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John T. Nixon (Republican) 53.46% ▌Joseph F. Learning (Democratic) 46.54%
New Jersey 2	John L. N. Stratton	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John L. N. Stratton (Republican) 52.77% ▌Augustus Green (Democratic) 47.23%
New Jersey 3	Garnett Adrain	Anti-Lecompton Democrat	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y William G. Steele (Democratic) 55.17% ▌Alexander Berthoud (Republican) 44.84%
New Jersey 4	Jetur R. Riggs	Anti-Lecompton Democrat	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y George T. Cobb (Democratic) 52.63% ▌Benjamin Edsell (Republican) 47.37%
New Jersey 5	William Pennington	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Nehemiah Perry (Democratic) 50.63% ▌William Pennington (Republican) 49.38%

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

New York its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New York 1	Luther C. Carter	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Edward H. Smith (Democratic) 52.78% ▌Luther C. Carter (Republican) 47.22%
New York 2	James Humphrey	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Moses F. Odell (Democratic) 55.07% ▌James Humphrey (Republican) 44.93%
New York 3	Daniel Sickles	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Benjamin Wood (Democratic) 52.83% ▌Amer J. Williamson (Republican) 41.11% ▌John Y. Savage (Ind. Democratic) 6.05%
New York 4	Thomas J. Barr	Independent Democratic	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Independent Democratic hold.	▌Y James Kerrigan (Ind. Democratic) 41.30% ▌Michael Tuomy (Democratic) 32.02% ▌John Commerford (Republican) 26.68%
New York 5	William B. Maclay	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y William Wall (Republican) 41.00% ▌Nelson Taylor (Democratic) 40.61% ▌John Duffy (Ind. Democratic) 18.39%
New York 6	John Cochrane	Democratic	1856	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Frederick A. Conkling (Republican) 35.10% ▌John Cochrane (Ind. Democratic) 34.16% ▌John W. Chanler (Democratic) 30.74%
New York 7	George Briggs	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Elijah Ward (Democratic) 56.23% ▌Augustus F. Dow (Republican) 43.77%
New York 8	Horace F. Clark	Anti-Lecompton Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Isaac C. Delaplaine (Democratic) 59.04% ▌Abram Wakeman (Republican) 40.96%
New York 9	John B. Haskin	Anti-Lecompton Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Edward Haight (Democratic) 53.54% ▌Thomas Nelson (Republican) 46.46%
New York 10	Charles Van Wyck	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles Van Wyck (Republican) 50.45% ▌Daniel B. St. John (Democratic) 49.55%
New York 11	William S. Kenyon	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y John B. Steele (Democratic) 50.38% ▌Peter H. Silvester (Republican) 49.62%
New York 12	Charles Lewis Beale	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Stephen Baker (Republican) 51.99% ▌Ambrose Wager (Democratic) 46.34% ▌John H. Overheister (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.67%
New York 13	Abram B. Olin	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Abram B. Olin (Republican) 51.13% ▌Issac McConihe (Democratic) 48.87%
New York 14	John H. Reynolds	Anti-Lecompton Democratic	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Erastus Corning (Democratic) 51.85% ▌Thomas W. Olcott (Republican) 48.15%
New York 15	James B. McKean	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James B. McKean (Republican) 58.76% ▌Emerson E. Davis (Democratic) 41.24%
New York 16	George W. Palmer	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y William A. Wheeler (Republican) 58.73% ▌Augustus C. Hand (Democratic) 41.27%
New York 17	Francis E. Spinner	Republican	1854	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Socrates N. Sherman (Republican) 68.39% ▌Henry G. Foote (Democratic) 31.61%
New York 18	Clark B. Cochrane	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Chauncey Vibbard (Democratic) 50.88% ▌Simon H. Mix (Republican) 49.12%
New York 19	James H. Graham	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Richard Franchot (Republican) 56.97% ▌Lyman J. Walworth (Democratic) 43.03%
New York 20	Roscoe Conkling	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Roscoe Conkling (Republican) 58.28% ▌De Witt C. Grover (Democratic) 41.72%
New York 21	R. Holland Duell	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y R. Holland Duell (Republican) 62.21% ▌Simon C. Hitchcock (Democratic) 21.94% ▌Judson C. Nelson (Breckinridge Democratic) 15.86%
New York 22	M. Lindley Lee	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y William E. Lansing (Republican) 63.73% ▌B. Franklin Chapman (Democratic) 36.27%
New York 23	Charles B. Hoard	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Ambrose W. Clark (Republican) 59.90% ▌James F. Starbuck (Democratic) 38.21% ▌George C. Sherman (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.90%
New York 24	Charles B. Sedgwick	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles B. Sedgwick (Republican) 60.42% ▌Lake Tefft (Democratic) 32.92% ▌Luther Hay (Breckinridge Democratic) 6.67%
New York 25	Martin Butterfield	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Theodore M. Pomeroy (Republican) 64.46% ▌William C. Beardsley (Democratic) 35.54%
New York 26	Emory B. Pottle	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Jacob P. Chamberlain (Republican) 58.26% ▌John L. Lewis (Democratic) 41.02% ▌George N. Clark (Independent) 0.72%
New York 27	Alfred Wells	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Alexander S. Diven (Republican) 57.20% ▌Harvey A. Dowe (Democratic) 42.80%
New York 28	William Irvine	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Robert B. Van Valkenburgh (Republican) 60.75% ▌Charles C. Walker (Democratic) 39.25%
New York 29	Alfred Ely	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alfred Ely (Republican) 59.41% ▌Mortimer F. Reynolds (Democratic) 40.59%
New York 30	Augustus Frank	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Augustus Frank (Republican) 67.49% ▌Martin F. Robinson (Democratic) 32.51%
New York 31	Edwin R. Reynolds	Republican	1860	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Burt Van Horn (Republican) 58.81% ▌Phineas L. Ely (Democratic) 39.94% ▌Jonathan L. Woods (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.26%
New York 32	Elbridge G. Spaulding	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elbridge G. Spaulding (Republican) 52.82% ▌Solomon G. Haven (Democratic) 47.18%
New York 33	Reuben Fenton	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Reuben Fenton (Republican) 66.79% ▌Charles H. Lee (Democratic) 33.21%

North Carolina

North Carolina seceded on May 20, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
North Carolina 1	William N. H. Smith	Opposition	1859	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
North Carolina 2	Thomas H. Ruffin	Democratic	1853	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
North Carolina 3	Warren Winslow	Democratic	1855	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
North Carolina 4	Lawrence O'Bryan Branch	Democratic	1855	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
North Carolina 5	John A. Gilmer	Opposition	1857	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
North Carolina 6	James M. Leach	Opposition	1859	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
North Carolina 7	F. Burton Craige	Democratic	1853	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
North Carolina 8	Zebulon B. Vance	Democratic	1858 (Special)	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.

Ohio

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[38]
Ohio 1	George H. Pendleton	Democratic	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George H. Pendleton (Democratic) 48.87% ▌Oliver M. Spencer (Republican) 42.97% ▌A. E. Jones (Constitutional Union) 8.16%
Ohio 2	John A. Gurley	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John A. Gurley (Republican) 48.09% ▌Alexander Long (Democratic) 43.08% ▌John Scott Harrison (Constitutional Union) 8.83%
Ohio 3	Clement Vallandigham	Democratic	1858 (Won contest)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Clement Vallandigham (Democratic) 50.16% ▌Samuel Craighead (Republican) 49.55% ▌Andrew McClary (Independent) 0.30%
Ohio 4	William Allen	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Allen (Democratic) 51.73% ▌James Hart (Republican) 48.27%
Ohio 5	James M. Ashley	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James M. Ashley (Republican) 52.29% ▌James B. Steedman (Democratic) 47.71%
Ohio 6	William Howard	Democratic	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Chilton A. White (Democratic) 53.23% ▌David H. Murphy (Republican) 46.77%
Ohio 7	Thomas Corwin	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas Corwin (Republican) 69.95% ▌William B. Telfair (Democratic) 20.16% ▌William Stokes (Constitutional Union) 9.89%
Ohio 8	Benjamin Stanton	Republican	1854	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Samuel Shellabarger (Republican) 57.55% ▌James S. Harrison (Democratic) 41.23% ▌Edward P. Fyffe (Constitutional Union) 1.22%
Ohio 9	John Carey	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Warren P. Noble (Democratic) 51.12% ▌John Carey (Republican) 48.88%
Ohio 10	Carey A. Trimble	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Carey Trimble (Republican) 51.26% ▌Wells A. Hutchins (Democratic) 48.74%
Ohio 11	Charles D. Martin	Democratic	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y Valentine B. Horton (Republican) 51.49% ▌Charles D. Martin (Democratic) 48.52%
Ohio 12	Samuel S. Cox	Democratic	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel S. Cox (Democratic) 51.69% ▌Samuel Galloway (Republican) 47.54% ▌Thomas Sparrow (Independent) 0.77%
Ohio 13	John Sherman	Republican	1854	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Sherman (Republican) 57.16% ▌Barnabas Burns (Democratic) 42.84%
Ohio 14	Harrison G. O. Blake	Republican	(Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Harrison G. O. Blake (Republican) 57.08% ▌Charles D. Prentiss (Democratic) 42.92%
Ohio 15	William Helmick	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Robert H. Nugen (Democratic) 52.14% ▌William Helmick (Republican) 47.87%
Ohio 16	Cydnor B. Tompkins	Republican	1856	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y William P. Cutler (Republican) 50.19% ▌Hugh J. Jewett (Democratic) 49.81%
Ohio 17	Thomas C. Theaker	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y James R. Morris (Democratic) 51.00% ▌Thomas C. Theaker (Republican) 45.17% ▌M. J. Glover (Constitutional Union) 3.83%
Ohio 18	Sidney Edgerton	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Sidney Edgerton (Republican) 58.29% ▌David A. Starkweather (Democratic) 41.71%
Ohio 19	Edward Wade	Republican	1852	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Albert G. Riddle (Republican) 69.06% ▌Andrew J. Williams (Democratic) 30.94%
Ohio 20	John Hutchins	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Hutchins (Republican) 71.97% ▌David M. Wilson (Democratic) 28.03%
Ohio 21	John A. Bingham	Republican	1854	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John A. Bingham (Republican) 61.17% ▌George Wells (Democratic) 33.71% ▌J. S. Blakely (Independent) 5.12%

Oregon

Poorly coordinated state legislation created confusion. As a result, two elections were held in 1860: on June 4 (won by George K. Shiel and on November 6 (won by Andrew J. Thayer). Thayer was seated March 4, 1861, but Shiel contested the election. On July 30, 1861, the House Elections Committee seated the Shiel for the rest of the term ending March 3, 1863. Both disputants were Democrats.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Oregon at-large	Lansing Stout	Democratic	1858	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected June 4, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner successfully challenged the results of the other election and was seated July 30, 1861.	▌Y George Shiel (Democratic) 50.36% ▌David Logan (Republican) 49.64%^[39]
Oregon at-large	Lansing Stout	Democratic	1858	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected November 6, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was initially seated but later lost election challenge.	▌Y Andrew J. Thayer (Democratic) 96.45% ▌George Shiel (Democratic) 3.08% ▌Joseph Showalter Smith (Democratic) 0.47%^[40]

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania elected its members on October 9, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Pennsylvania 1	Thomas B. Florence	Democratic	1848	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y William E. Lehman (Democratic) 44.98% ▌John M. Butler (Republican) 44.28% ▌Edward King (Constitutional Union) 10.74%
Pennsylvania 2	Edward J. Morris	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Edward J. Morris (Republican) 46.61% ▌John Broadhead (Democratic) 40.29% ▌Henry M. Fuller (Constitutional Union) 13.11%
Pennsylvania 3	John P. Verree	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John P. Verree (Republican) 49.07% ▌John Kline (Democratic) 48.95% ▌Henry M. Hamilton (Constitutional Union) 1.97%
Pennsylvania 4	William Millward	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y William D. Kelley (Republican) 49.27% ▌William Morgan (Republican) 43.42% ▌John B. Robinson (Constitutional Union) 7.31%
Pennsylvania 5	John Wood	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y William M. Davis (Republican) 47.90% ▌Harry Ingersoll (Democratic) 46.48% ▌James Rittenhouse (Constitutional Union) 5.62%
Pennsylvania 6	John Hickman	Democratic	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Hickman (Republican) 55.97% ▌John H. Brinton (Democratic) 42.51% ▌Frazier Smith (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 1.52%
Pennsylvania 7	Thomas Corwin	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas Corwin (Republican) 69.95% ▌William B. Telfair (Democratic) 20.16% ▌William Stokes (Constitutional Union) 9.89%
Pennsylvania 8	Jacob K. McKenty	Democratic	1860	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Sydenham E. Ancona (Democratic) 58.43% ▌Levi B. Smith (Republican) 41.58%
Pennsylvania 9	Thaddeus Stevens	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thaddeus Stevens (Republican) Unopposed
Pennsylvania 10	John W. Killinger	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John W. Killinger (Republican) 62.04% ▌James Worrell (Democratic) 37.96%
Pennsylvania 11	James H. Campbell	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James H. Campbell (Republican) 50.90% ▌John Hughes (Democratic) 49.10%
Pennsylvania 12	George W. Scranton	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George W. Scranton (Republican) 51.53% ▌David R. Randall (Democratic) 48.47%
Pennsylvania 13	William H. Dimmick	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Philip Johnson (Democratic) 57.30% ▌David K. Shoemaker (Republican) 42.70%
Pennsylvania 14	Galusha A. Grow	Republican	1850	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Galusha A. Grow (Republican) 71.38% ▌Daniel L. Serwood (Democratic) 28.62%
Pennsylvania 15	James Tracy Hale	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Tracy Hale (Republican) 53.76% ▌Robert Fleming (Democratic) 46.24%
Pennsylvania 16	Benjamin F. Junkin	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y Joseph Bailey (Democratic) 50.75% ▌Benjamin F. Junkin (Republican) 49.25%
Pennsylvania 17	Edward McPherson	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Edward McPherson (Republican) 51.23% ▌William P Schell (Democratic) 48.77%
Pennsylvania 18	Samuel S. Blair	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel S. Blair (Republican) 57.64% ▌Archibald McAllister (Democratic) 42.36%
Pennsylvania 19	John Covode	Republican	1854	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Covode (Republican) 54.66% ▌Darwin Phelps (Democratic) 45.34%
Pennsylvania 20	William Montgomery	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	▌Y Jesse Lazear (Democratic) 52.90% ▌Andrew Stewart (Republican) 47.10%
Pennsylvania 21	James K. Moorhead	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James K. Moorhead (Republican) 61.31% ▌James Kerr (Democratic) 38.69%
Pennsylvania 22	Robert McKnight	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert McKnight (Republican) 66.26% ▌Lewis Z. Mitchell (Ind. Democratic) 23.12% ▌George Case (Democratic) 10.62%
Pennsylvania 23	William Stewart	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y John W. Wallace (Republican) 55.58% ▌Samuel Holstein (Democratic) 44.42%
Pennsylvania 24	Chapin Hall	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y John Patton (Republican) 53.58% ▌James K. Kerr (Democratic) 46.42%
Pennsylvania 25	Elijah Babbitt	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elijah Babbitt (Republican) 65.85% ▌Edwin C. Wilson (Democratic) 34.15%

Rhode Island

Rhode Island elected its members April 3, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened..

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Rhode Island 1	Christopher Robinson	Republican	1859	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y William P. Sheffield (Unionist) 51.25% ▌Christopher Robinson (Republican) 48.75%^[41]
Rhode Island 2	William D. Brayton	Republican	1859	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y George H. Browne (Unionist) 53.53% ▌William D. Brayton (Republican) 46.48%^[42]

South Carolina

South Carolina its members October 8–9, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	John McQueen	Democratic	1844	Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated.	▌Y John McQueen (Democratic) 96.94% ▌Charles W. Miller (Independent) 3.06%
South Carolina 2	William P. Miles	Democratic	1856	Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated.	▌Y William P. Miles (Democratic) Unopposed
South Carolina 3	Laurence M. Keitt	Democratic	1853	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated.	▌Y Lewis Malone Ayer Jr. (Democratic) 73.77% ▌George P. Elliot (Independent) 26.23%
South Carolina 4	Milledge L. Bonham	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated.	▌Y Milledge L. Bonham (Democratic) Unopposed
South Carolina 5	John D. Ashmore	Democratic	1858	Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated.	▌Y John D. Ashmore (Democratic) Unopposed
South Carolina 6	William W. Boyce	Democratic	1853	Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated.	▌Y William W. Boyce (Democratic) Unopposed

Tennessee

Tennessee elected its members August 1, 1861, but only in East Tennessee, after the first session of the new Congress began.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	Thomas A. R. Nelson	Opposition	1859	Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist but failed to be seated. Unionist gain. Winner was prevented from taking his seat by his arrest.	▌Y Thomas A. R. Nelson (Unionist) 53.86% Joseph B. Heiskell (Confederate States of America) 39.84% Robert P. Caldwell (Confederate States of America) 4.98% ▌William McFarland (Unknown) 1.32%^[43]
Tennessee 2	Horace Maynard	Opposition	1857	Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist. Unionist gain.	▌Y Horace Maynard (Unionist) 59.23% James T. Shields (Confederate States of America) 40.77%^[44]
Tennessee 3	Reese B. Brabson	Opposition	1859	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. Winner was prevented from taking his seat by his arrest.	▌Y George W. Bridges (Unionist) 52.75 A. B. Welcker (Confederate States of America) 46.80% ▌Samuel A. Smith (Unknown) 0.45%^[45]
Tennessee 4	William B. Stokes	Democratic	1859	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Andrew J. Clements (Unionist) Unopposed^[46]
Tennessee 5	Robert H. Hatton	Opposition	1859	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
Tennessee 6	James H. Thomas	Opposition	1859	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
Tennessee 7	John V. Wright	Democratic	1855	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Tennessee 8	James M. Quarles	Opposition	1859	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
Tennessee 9	Emerson Etheridge	Opposition	1853 1857 (Lost) 1859	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
Tennessee 10	William T. Avery	Democratic	1857	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.

Texas

Texas seceded on February 1, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Texas 1	John H. Reagan	Democratic	1859	Incumbent resigned January 15, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Texas 2	Andrew J. Hamilton	Independent Democratic	1859	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss.	None.

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

Vermont its members September 4, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Vermont 1	Eliakim P. Walton	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Eliakim P. Walton (Republican) 73.60% ▌Silas Wilcox (Democratic) 24.29% ▌U. M. Robinson (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.11%
Vermont 2	Justin S. Morrill	Republican	1854	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Justin S. Morrill (Republican) 74.81% ▌Charles N. Davenport (Democratic) 19.63% ▌Asa M. Dickey (Breckinridge Democratic) 5.55%
Vermont 3	Homer E. Royce	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Portus Baxter (Republican) 72.48% ▌Arzo D. Chaffee (Democratic) 22.53% ▌Wyllys Lyman (Breckinridge Democratic) 4.99%

Virginia

Virginia its members October 24, 1861.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Virginia 1	Muscoe Garnett	Democratic	1856 (special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected October 24, 1861. Unionist gain. Winner was later disqualified.	▌Y Joseph Segar (Unionist) Unopposed^[47]
Virginia 2	John S. Millson	Democratic	1853	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Virginia 3	Daniel Coleman DeJarnette Sr.	Independent Democratic	1853	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss.	None.
Virginia 4	Roger Pryor	Democratic	1859 (special)	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Virginia 5	Thomas S. Bocock	Democratic	1853	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss.	None.
Virginia 6	Shelton F. Leake	Independent Democratic	1859	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss.	None.
Virginia 7	William Smith	Democratic	1841 (special) 1843 (lost) 1857	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain. Winner was later disqualified.	▌Y Charles H. Upton (Unionist) Unopposed^[48]
Virginia 8	Alexander Boteler	Opposition	1859	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss.	None.
Virginia 9	John T. Harris	Independent Democratic	1859	Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss.	None.
Virginia 10	Sherrard Clemens	Democratic	1857	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y William G. Brown Sr. (Unionist) 99.69% ▌ Zedekiah Kidwell (Unknown) 0.31%^[49]
Virginia 11	Albert G. Jenkins	Democratic	1857	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y John S. Carlile (Unionist) Unopposed^[50]
Virginia 12	Henry A. Edmundson	Democratic	1849	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unionist gain.	▌Y Kellian Whaley (Unionist) Unopposed^[51]
Virginia 13	Elbert S. Martin	Independent Democratic	1859	Incumbent lost re-election. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss.	None.

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin its members on Election Day, November 6, 1860.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin 1	John F. Potter	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John F. Potter (Republican) 54.53% ▌Jonathan Arnold (Democratic) 45.47%
Wisconsin 2	Cadwallader C. Washburn	Republican	1854	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌Y Luther Hanchett (Republican) 61.16% ▌James D. Reymert (Democratic) 38.85%
Wisconsin 3	Charles H. Larrabee	Democratic	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌Y A. Scott Sloan (Republican) 53.98% ▌Charles H. Larrabee (Democratic) 46.02%

Non-voting delegates

All are trans-Mississippi west non-voting delegates in the 37th Congress.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Colorado Territory at-large	New territory			New seat. New delegate elected. Conservative Republican gain.	Y Hiram P. Bennet (Conservative Republican) [data missing]
Dakota Territory at-large	New territory			New seat. New delegate elected. Democratic gain.	▌Y John Blair Smith Todd (Democratic) [data missing]
Nebraska Territory at-large	Samuel Gordon Daily	Republican	1860 (Won contest)	Incumbent re-elected in 1862.	▌Y Samuel G. Daily (Republican) [data missing]
Nevada Territory	New territory			New seat. New delegate elected. Independent gain.	▌Y John Cradlebaugh (Independent) [data missing]^[52]
New Mexico Territory at-large	Miguel A. Otero	Democratic	1859	Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Republican gain.	▌Y John Sebrie Watts (Republican) [data missing]^[53]
Utah Territory	William Henry Hooper	Democratic	1858 or 1859	Incumbent lost re-election. New delegate elected. Independent gain.	▌Y John M. Bernhisel (Independent) ▌William Henry Hooper (Democratic) [data missing]
Washington Territory at-large	Isaac Stevens	Democratic	1856 or 1857	Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Republican gain.	▌Y William H. Wallace (Republican) ▌Selucius Garfielde (Democratic) [data missing]^[54]

Notes

↑ Includes nine elected on the Union ballot, nine as Unionists, two as Constitutional Unionists, and one on the Union and Peace ballot. Ten additional Unionists remained in office representing States that had seceded.
↑ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as Union, Unionists, Constitutional Unionists, Union Democrats, and 'Union and Peace.'
↑ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as Southern Rights and States Rights.
↑ Included eight Anti-Lecompton Democrats and seven independent Democrats.
1 2 3 4 Includes one independent Democrat, James E. Kerrigan, elected from New York's 4th congressional district.
↑ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as an Anti-Lecompton Democrat, Breckinridge Democrat, Independent Democrat, or Independent.
↑ 1 Independent Democrat was elected.
↑ Includes Unionists, Constitutional Unionists, and the two "Union" members from Rhode Island.
↑ Kansas was not admitted until January 29, 1861, near the end of the 36th Congress, the winner of this election served in both the 36th and 37th Congresses.
1 2 Know-Nothings
↑ In 1845, Congress set a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (5 Stat. 721). Other elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
1 2 3 4 5 Previously Opposition members.
↑ East Tennessee only
↑ 7 vacancies
↑ 1 seat added
↑ 1 Opposition and 1 Know-Nothing
↑ Remained in the House.
↑ 8 vacancies
↑ Remained in the House.
↑ Excludes states that seceded before the start of Congress
↑ Compared to 19 Opposition and 5 Know-Nothings in previous election of 1858.
↑ Frederick Low, the candidate with the third-highest vote in the at-large election for California's Congressional delegation, was seated when Congress approved California's third seat in the House of Representatives, from June 3, 1862.

References

↑ Martis (1994), pp. 114–115.
↑ 12 Stat. 411
↑ "Tennessee 4 Me - A Divided State". www.tn4me.org.
↑ "MO District 1 - Special Election". November 22, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "PA District 08 - Special Election". April 10, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "ME District 5 - Special Election". January 11, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "NY District 31 - Special Election". April 7, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "OH - District 07 Special Election". April 16, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "OH - District 13 Special Election". April 16, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "MA - District 3 Special Election". March 17, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "PA - District DDDD Special Election". May 3, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "PA - District 12 Special Election". January 17, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "IA - District 01 Special Election". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2008 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "VA - District 11 Special Election". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "MA - District 5 Special Election". March 10, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "IL District 06-Special". March 12, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ Martis, pp. 111, 113, 115.
↑ Martis, pp. 31–35.
↑ Simon, Harold (2008). Lincoln: President Elect. Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861. Simon & Schuster. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7432-8947-4.
↑ Martis, p. 36.
↑ Martis, p. 34.
↑ Martis, pp. 114, 115.
↑ Freehling, William W. (2007). The Road to Disunion. Vol. II: Secessionists Triumphant: 1854-1861. Oxford University Press. p. 2 (map). ISBN 978-0-19-505815-4.
↑ Long, E.B. (1985). "Appendix". The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac, 1861-1865. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80255-3.
↑ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, (1774–2005), "Official Annotated Membership Roster by State with Vacancy and Special Election Information for the 37th Congress".
↑ "CT - District 01 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "CT - District 02 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "CT - District 03 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "CT - District 04 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "Our Campaigns - MD District 3 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "Our Campaigns - MD District 4 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "Our Campaigns - MD District 6 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "CRAIG, James, (1818 - 1888)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
↑ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 128, 129.
↑ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "RI - Eastern District". January 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
↑ "RI - Western District". January 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
↑ "TN - District 01". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "TN - District 02". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "TN - District 03". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "TN - District 04". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "VA - District 01". March 19, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "VA - District 07". January 3, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "VA - District 10". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "VA - District 11". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "VA - District 12". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
↑ "Our Campaigns - NV Delegate Race - Aug 04, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Sep 01, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
↑ "Our Campaigns - WA Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Unionists-1] Includes nine elected on the Union ballot, nine as Unionists, two as Constitutional Unionists, and one on the Union and Peace ballot. Ten additional Unionists remained in office representing States that had seceded.

[Unionist_vote-2] Includes votes for those who ran labeled as Union, Unionists, Constitutional Unionists, Union Democrats, and 'Union and Peace.'

[Southern_Rights_vote-3] Includes votes for those who ran labeled as Southern Rights and States Rights.

[Ds-1858-4] Included eight Anti-Lecompton Democrats and seven independent Democrats.

[ID-5] 1 2 3 4 Includes one independent Democrat, James E. Kerrigan, elected from New York's 4th congressional district.

[Independent_vote-6] Includes votes for those who ran labeled as an Anti-Lecompton Democrat, Breckinridge Democrat, Independent Democrat, or Independent.

[9] 1 Independent Democrat was elected.

[10] Includes Unionists, Constitutional Unionists, and the two "Union" members from Rhode Island.

[11] Kansas was not admitted until January 29, 1861, near the end of the 36th Congress, the winner of this election served in both the 36th and 37th Congresses.

[KN-12] 1 2 Know-Nothings

[13] In 1845, Congress set a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (5 Stat. 721). Other elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.

[OP-14] 1 2 3 4 5 Previously Opposition members.

[15] East Tennessee only

[17] 7 vacancies

[18] 1 seat added

[19] 1 Opposition and 1 Know-Nothing

[20] Remained in the House.

[21] 8 vacancies

[22] Remained in the House.

[23] Excludes states that seceded before the start of Congress

[24] Compared to 19 Opposition and 5 Know-Nothings in previous election of 1858.

[47] Frederick Low, the candidate with the third-highest vote in the at-large election for California's Congressional delegation, was seated when Congress approved California's third seat in the House of Representatives, from June 3, 1862.

[7] Martis (1994), pp. 114–115.

[8] 12 Stat. 411

[16] "Tennessee 4 Me - A Divided State". www.tn4me.org.

[25] "MO District 1 - Special Election". November 22, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[26] "PA District 08 - Special Election". April 10, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[27] "ME District 5 - Special Election". January 11, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[28] "NY District 31 - Special Election". April 7, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[29] "OH - District 07 Special Election". April 16, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[30] "OH - District 13 Special Election". April 16, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[31] "MA - District 3 Special Election". March 17, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[32] "PA - District DDDD Special Election". May 3, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[33] "PA - District 12 Special Election". January 17, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[34] "IA - District 01 Special Election". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2008 – via Our Campaigns.

[35] "VA - District 11 Special Election". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[36] "MA - District 5 Special Election". March 10, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[37] "IL District 06-Special". March 12, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[38] Martis, pp. 111, 113, 115.

[39] Martis, pp. 31–35.

[40] Simon, Harold (2008). Lincoln: President Elect. Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861. Simon & Schuster. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7432-8947-4.

[41] Martis, p. 36.

[42] Martis, p. 34.

[43] Martis, pp. 114, 115.

[44] Freehling, William W. (2007). The Road to Disunion. Vol. II: Secessionists Triumphant: 1854-1861. Oxford University Press. p. 2 (map). ISBN 978-0-19-505815-4.

[45] Long, E.B. (1985). "Appendix". The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac, 1861-1865. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80255-3.

[46] Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, (1774–2005), "Official Annotated Membership Roster by State with Vacancy and Special Election Information for the 37th Congress".

[48] "CT - District 01 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[49] "CT - District 02 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[50] "CT - District 03 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[51] "CT - District 04 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[52] "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[53] "Our Campaigns - MD District 3 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[54] "Our Campaigns - MD District 4 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[55] "Our Campaigns - MD District 6 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[56] "CRAIG, James, (1818 - 1888)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 20, 2015.

[57] "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[58] "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[59] "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[60] Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 128, 129.

[61] "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[62] "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[63] "RI - Eastern District". January 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[64] "RI - Western District". January 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[65] "TN - District 01". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[66] "TN - District 02". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[67] "TN - District 03". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[68] "TN - District 04". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[69] "VA - District 01". March 19, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[70] "VA - District 07". January 3, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[71] "VA - District 10". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[72] "VA - District 11". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[73] "VA - District 12". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.

[74] "Our Campaigns - NV Delegate Race - Aug 04, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[75] "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Sep 01, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[76] "Our Campaigns - WA Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.

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Election summaries

Special elections

36th Congress

37th Congress

Impact of the secessionist movement

End of a Congressional era

Results by region

New England

North Central

Border North

Border South and Middle South

Trans-Mississippi West

Vacant state delegations

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Colorado Territory

Connecticut

Dakota Territory

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska Territory

Nevada Territory

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Utah Territory

Vermont

Virginia

Washington Territory

Wisconsin

Non-voting delegates

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links