Until the End
An angel, with their arms and legs bound by rope, drowning in water. The text "Kittie" stands in the top left, and the text "Until the End" in the bottom right hand corner.
Studio album by
Kittie
ReleasedJuly 27, 2004 (2004-07-27)
RecordedMarch 2004
StudioLong View Farm (North Brookfield, Massachusetts)
Genre
Length41:20
LabelArtemis
ProducerSteve Thompson
Kittie chronology
Safe
(2002)		 Until the End
(2004)		 Never Again
(2006)
Kittie studio album chronology
Oracle
(2001)		 Until the End
(2004)		 Funeral for Yesterday
(2007)
Singles from Until the End
  1. "Into the Darkness"
    Released: June 29, 2004

Until the End is the third studio album by Canadian heavy metal band Kittie, released on July 27, 2004, through Artemis Records. It was their only album with bassist Jennifer Arroyo, who joined in March 2002. The album was recorded in March 2004 with producer Steve Thompson at Long View Farm Studios in North Brookfield, Massachusetts. It expands upon the death metal stylings of Kittie's previous album Oracle (2001), whilst incorporating more melody and dynamics into their sound. Kittie wrote the album whilst they were engaged in a lawsuit with Artemis, and its lyrics and artwork reflect the band's feelings of uncertainty and "being suffocated and held down" during that period. After recording concluded, Kittie recruited guitarist Lisa Marx so they could tour in support of the album.

Until the End received mixed reviews from critics, who were divided over its maturity and progression from Kittie's earlier output. The album sold 19,000 copies in its first week to debut and peak at number 105 on the US Billboard 200 chart, whilst its only single, "Into the Darkness", reached number 116 on the UK Singles Chart. After two promotional tours in support of the album, financial difficulties caused by a lack of touring support from Artemis led to the departures of Arroyo and Marx from Kittie in February 2005; the following month, the band parted ways with the label and went on a hiatus.

Background

In November 2001, Kittie released their second studio album, Oracle. Following a tour of Europe in support of the album, Kittie parted ways with bassist Talena Atfield on March 2, 2002.[1] Jennifer Arroyo, formerly of the rap metal band Spine, was quickly recruited as Kittie's new bassist before a tour of the United States later that month.[1][2] Arroyo had first met Kittie vocalist/guitarist Morgan Lander and drummer Mercedes Lander in 2000, when both of their bands performed on Farmclub.com.[1][3][4] Morgan and Mercedes felt that Arroyo brought a "a new element" to Kittie with her technical and melodic playing style;[1] during the band's subsequent live performances, they would let her play improvised bass solos to show off her abilities.[5]

On April 1, 2003, Kittie filed a lawsuit against its record label, Artemis Records, and its parent company, Sheridan Square Entertainment, claiming unpaid royalties from the label.[6][7] The lawsuit prevented Kittie from going into the studio to record a new album, and band were unsure if they would still be around after the litigation to release one.[8][9] To cope with the uncertainty, they began working on new material.[8] "I felt like that helped give [the band] some hope", Arroyo later said.[10] By late June 2003, Kittie had written "Look So Pretty", "Career Suicide", "Until the End", "Burning Bridges" and "Loveless".[11][12][13] The band debuted their new songs in the summer of 2003, on their Kiss of Infamy Tour.[12][14][15] Mercedes said that playing the songs live helped them mature and made the band more comfortable recording them.[14]

Morgan Lander wrote most of Until the End's guitar riffs, lyrics and melodies, with Mercedes and Arroyo contributing some additional arrangements and their own drum tracks and basslines to the album, respectively.[16][17][18] Describing the album's writing process to Metal Edge, Morgan stated: "it starts with a riff and idea, everyone adds their personal touch to the song, and it becomes that song."[17]

Recording and production

On March 1, 2004, it was announced that Kittie and Artemis Records had settled their differences out of court, and the band commenced recording their third album at Long View Farm Studios in North Brookfield, Massachusetts with producer Steve Thompson, marking the first time the band had recorded outside of their hometown of London, Ontario.[17][19] Morgan said that the band chose to record at Long View Farm because of its isolated nature and because if offered "the full package; you sleep here, you eat here, [so] you [can] focus on your task".[17][20][21] Recording lasted three weeks, with the band working for at least twelve hours a day at the studio.[22] The band spent little time doing pre-production, as they had finished writing and arranging all of their songs before they went in to record them.[17][23][24] The basic guitar, bass and drum tracks for Until the End were done in the first week of recording; Mercedes' drums were tracked in the space of three days.[17][22][25] The following week, Morgan finished recording her vocals.[26]

Until the End was recorded onto two-inch analogue tape, with minimal digital editing; Kittie mainly played through equipment used for their shows in an attempt to capture their live sound.[22][27] No click tracks were used.[22][28] Morgan said that Thompson's approach to recording was "more to focus on the song itself ... He wanted to focus on each song individually and get it right before we move onto the next one. So each song kind of has its own sound and its own personality."[27] Thompson and the band would spend time attempting to get specific guitar tones and sounds, sometimes by experimenting with his array of instruments and pedals,[27][29] and other times by recording in different rooms at the studio.[17][22][N 1]

In between recording sessions, Kittie held auditions at Long View Farm for a new guitarist to replace Jeff Phillips, who left the band at the end of 2003 so he could work full-time on his other band Thine Eyes Bleed.[30][31] After trialling out six or seven people, the band recruited Lisa Marx, formerly of the hardcore band To See You Broken.[30] Kittie knew of Marx after becoming acquainted with some of the members of To See You Broken at a Seattle show—although they did not actually meet her there.[8][16] Mercedes—who mistakenly believed she had met her in Seattle—reached out to Marx online, and she and the band ended up connecting over their shared sense of humour.[8][16][32] Artemis Records announced the addition of Marx to Kittie's lineup, as well as Until the End's release date, on April 26, 2004.[14][33]

Composition

It's [the sound of] a band that's starting to understand the balance between heavy and light, and to unite it. It's also a representation of [a] band that is in a lot of trouble, and isn't happy with their situation, and is falling apart.

— Morgan Lander reflecting on Until the End in an interview with the Cleveland Scene (2007)[34]

Music

Until the End has been described as death metal,[35][36] heavy metal[37][38] and thrash metal.[39][40] The album expands upon the death metal stylings of Oracle, and features more melody and dynamics than the aforementioned album.[37][41][42] The album contains heavy riffs, double bass drumming,[43] as well as screaming,[37] growling,[36] snarling[44] and clean singing.[42] As with Kittie's previous albums, its songs are written in the tuning of drop C.[27]

Until the End is more musically complex than the Kittie's previous albums,[16] featuring fluctuating time signatures and stuttering beats,[8][37] although there are no guitar solos.[36][37] Morgan also felt that in contrast to the band's previous albums Spit and Oracle, where "the bass player would play the root note of whatever [guitar] chord it was", it features varied basslines; in a 2004 interview with the Dallas Music Guide, Arroyo cited Metallica bassist Cliff Burton as a significant influence on her playing style.[16] On "Into the Darkness", Kittie experimented with the use of a vocal harmony between screamed and melodic clean vocals, and with a key change in its last chorus; Morgan felt that it was "the most difficult song [she'd] ever written lyrically and vocally".[17][37] A "Vocal Remix" of the song, featured as the album's final track, removes the screamed vocals.[37]

Lyrics

The album's lyrics largely reflect Kittie's feelings of uncertainty and "being suffocated and held down" amidst their legal struggles with Artemis Records.[9][13] They also cover personal experiences, situations, relationships, and human nature.[43] Morgan said that the album's opening track, "Look So Pretty", is "the answer to some menacing things that someone had directed towards—It's angry, alright!".[13] When asked by The Metal Exiles if "Career Suicide" was intended as a foreshadowing, Morgan said that it "is something that [has] already happened.... but it’s funny".[11] "Pussy Sugar" is about "seeing someone you care about go through a dark, unfortunate time, and standing back and seeing that there's absolutely nothing you can do".[13] The band came up with the song's title as a joke whilst on tour in November 2003.[13] Mercedes said: "We were in a Waffle House, and we were just thinking of stupid names and funny stuff, and someone yelled, 'Pussy Sugar!' And Morgan was like, 'New song number one is being called 'Pussy Sugar!' ".[13] Morgan stated that "In Dreams" is about "me being crazy, and thinking that I'm going crazy ... I'm not sure if it's because of the stress of everything that's happened over the years, so it's me wondering if I really am crazy".[13] "Into the Darkness" concerns "The idea of not knowing", and "just being afraid of the unknown".[45] "Daughters Down" is about "being held down, like you're being held underwater", and "People being vindictive, and always having someone who doesn't get you", according to Mercedes Lander.[13] Morgan said that the song's title "refers to holding the people down that should be treated like daughters", with its chorus "describing the people that should be caring".[13]

Title and artwork

The artwork for Until the End was illustrated by Geoff Mack, from a visual concept by Morgan Lander.[9][18] Morgan described the cover as a visual representation of helplessness and "the end of innocence", reflecting its lyrical content.[9][13] By contrast, its title refers to Kittie's feelings of perseverance. "We're in this until the end", Morgan told Hit Parader : "There's no turning back. We're lifers. We've been doing this for as long as I can remember, and hopefully we'll be doing it for a long, long time to come".[24]

Reception

Commercial

Until the End was released in the United States on July 27, 2004.[14][38] The album sold 19,000 copies in its first week of release to debut at number 105 on the US Billboard 200 chart, and number four on Billboard's Top Independent Albums chart.[46][47] The album's only single, "Into the Darkness", was released to radio stations on June 29, 2004.[48][49] It was also released as a single in the United Kingdom on August 9, 2004; it reached number 116 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Kittie's most recent single to chart there.[50][51] Kittie filmed a music video for the song, directed by Greg Kaplan and Rafaela Monfradin, which made its debut on MTV2's Headbangers Ball on June 19, 2004.[49] The video also received rotation on Fuse and Kerrang! TV, with the latter channel selecting it as the "Video of the Week", dated August 18 to 24, 2004.[52][53]

Critical

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic56/100[54]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[38]
Blabbermouth.net5/10[42]
Blender[44]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music[55]
Kerrang![40]
Metal Storm6.8/10[36]
NME3/10[39]
Rock Hard7/10[56]
SpinB−[57]
Stylus8/10[37]

On review aggregator website Metacritic, Until the End holds a score of 56 out of 100, based on reviews from seven critics, which indicates "mixed or average reviews".[54] AllMusic reviewer James Christopher Monger praised its heavy composition but noted an "adherence to formulaic modern metal clichés" on some of its later songs.[38] Blabbermouth.net lamented Kittie's "rudimentary" songwriting skills and "mediocre" talents on the album, which they described as a "murk of generic metal".[42] Ox-Fanzine described its compositions as "flat as they are superfluous", and felt that Kittie "haven't grown up".[58] Despite noting some "faintly creative moments" on the record, Exclaim!'s Jill Mikkelson similarly perceived the album's main selling point to be Kittie's "juvenile riot grrrl attitude".[59] George Smith of The Village Voice compared Kittie unfavorably with Slayer, Pungent Stench and Grave and commented that "other than being a product of women, there's only one reason to recommend [Until the End]: It's marginally better than Auf der Maur".[60]

Rick Skidmore of Westword and Kerrang!'s Nick Ruskell felt that Kittie had made significant improvements to their songwriting on Until the End, with the latter stating that the band "sounds more like their own [...] than the Machine Head-ettes of old".[35][40] Rock Hard's Jan Jaedike commented that although the album's sound was not completely removed from Kittie's earlier nu metal output, its songs had "real hit character".[56] Bjorn Randolph of Stylus Magazine argued that Mercedes' tight sense of groove and Morgan's "dual vocal personae" gave Kittie "the swing and the sing" necessary to differentiate themselves from other heavy metal bands.[37] In a more mixed review from the Cleveland Scene, D.X. Ferris stated that Morgan was dependent on the "cheap duality of her demon growl/angel-swoon vocals".[61] NME's Pete Cashmore criticized Kittie's lack of originality and attempts to incorporate "subtlety and nuance" into the thrash metal genre, the latter which he felt were "to the detriment of a style that should always be about brutality and aural punishment".[39]

In 2022, MetalSucks considered Until the End to be Kittie's best album, calling it a "perfect example of an awesome band proving their worth to the worthy after all of the fair-weather fans aimed their attention elsewhere".[62]

Touring and aftermath

From July to August 2004, Kittie embarked on their own headlining tour with supporting acts Candiria, 36 Crazyfists and Twelve Tribes.[63] The band also performed on one of Roadrunner Records' RoadRage 2004 tour dates at the Worcester Palladium in Massachusetts on August 6, 2004.[64] The rest of the band's headlining tour dates were cancelled after Mercedes was hospitalized from internal bleeding, caused by a combination of stress and dehydration, prior to a show in Cleveland, Ohio on August 11, 2004.[65][66] On September 7, 2004, Kittie announced that they would be teaming up with Otep and Crisis for the Metal Movement Tour, which lasted from September 27 to November 10, 2004.[67][68] Kittie formed the tour with the intention of bringing awareness to the presence of women in heavy metal.[69][70][71]

Despite previously promising to promote the band,[72] Artemis Records offered Kittie little, if any, touring and promotional support for Until the End, forcing Morgan and Mercedes to pay Arroyo, Marx and the band's touring costs using their personal finances.[73][74] Due to their worsening financial situation, Morgan and Mercedes told Arroyo and Marx after Kittie finished touring that they would not be able to pay them a retainer for some time.[74][75] Marx was upset by this, and left the band in February 2005: "[S]he wanted to know where her money was and all of this stuff and it was like, 'Well, sorry, there is none' ", Morgan said.[74][75][76] Morgan and Mercedes agreed with Arroyo to announce Marx's departure on April 1, 2005,[77] but Arroyo left Kittie shortly thereafter to pursue work with her other band, Suicide City, which she felt allowed her to have "a more prominent role in the creative process".[73][74] Morgan and Mercedes had anticipated Arroyo's departure, and the split was considered amicable by both parties.[73][77]

Morgan announced Marx and Arroyo's departures through a statement on Kittie's official message board on March 23, 2005, whilst the band were in contract negotiations with Artemis.[77][78] In the statement, she blamed the label's lack of support for their departures, saying: "We don't blame [them] for leaving. Financially and emotionally, our troulble [sic] with the label has done nothing but break our spirits. How can we insure a future for them when we DON'T EVEN KNOW WHAT OURS WILL BE? As long as we are with Artemis, I can't guarantee anything...".[77] A week later, on March 31, 2005, Kittie announced that they had amicably parted ways with Artemis due to "a proposed amendment to the recording budget for the pending fourth Kittie album", after which Morgan and Mercedes put the band on hiatus for six months.[79][80][N 2]

Reflecting on the album in Kittie: Origins/Evolutions (2017), Morgan said:

"Honestly, I like a lot of the songs on Until the End. I don't know [anything] that I regret a lot. Listening back, I kinda maybe wish that we had done things a little bit differently in the studio. Maybe a different producer. Maybe even a different studio. Mind you, ... it was a really fun, awesome recording process. We had a lot of fun, it was a really really great time."[83]

Track listing

All songs written by Morgan Lander.[18]

No.TitleLength
1."Look So Pretty"5:29
2."Career Suicide"3:55
3."Until the End"4:13
4."Red Flag"3:48
5."Pussy Sugar"4:16
6."In Dreams"3:15
7."Into the Darkness"3:38
8."Burning Bridges"3:07
9."Loveless"2:08
10."Daughters Down"3:40
11."Into the Darkness" (Vocal Remix)3:45
Total length:41:20

Notes

  • Additional arrangements on tracks 1 and 5 by Jennifer Arroyo
  • Additional arrangements on tracks 1, 2, 4 to 7 and 11 by Mercedes Lander
  • The official title of track 5 is "Pussy Sugar", as listed in the album's liner notes, but is listed as "Sugar" on the album's tray card and Spotify.[18][84][85]

Personnel

Personnel per liner notes.[18]

Charts

Chart (2004) Peak
position
UK Independent Albums (OCC)[86] 34
US Billboard 200[46] 105
US Top Independent Albums (Billboard)[46] 4

Release history

Release history for Until the End
Reigon Label Format Date Catalog # Ref.
Europe
CD July 26, 2004 RCD17017 [87]
United States Artemis July 27, 2004 ATM-CD-51538 [38]
Canada
Europe Metal Mind CD (digipak) November 24, 2008 MASS CD 1245 DG [88]
Various MNRK Music Group LP April 22, 2023 MNK-LP-46873 [89]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Arroyo and Mercedes recorded all of their parts for Until the End in Long View Farm's control room, whereas Morgan was largely situated in an isolated room on the studio's second floor. She said that this reduced the amount of pressure she felt when recording, "[as] I could just sit up there with my amp and focus."[27]
  2. ↑ In Kittie: Origins/Evolutions (2017), Mercedes Lander states that Kittie had quietly disbanded in early 2005.[81] However, Morgan Lander denied the band had broken up at the time.[82]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Catlin, Roger (March 28, 2002). "Here, Kittie, With One Less Player". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  2. ↑ MTV News Staff (March 21, 2002). "For The Record: Quick News On Papa Roach, Weezer, Billy Corgan, Kittie, Fugazi & More". MTV News. MTV. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  3. ↑ Martin, Ed (October 18, 2002). "Kittie Interview". prophecy21.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2004. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  4. ↑ Autry, Paul (July 17, 2002). "Women in Rock - Kittie". BallBuster Music. Archived from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
  5. ↑ McCallum 2017, 42:38–42:50.
  6. ↑ Blabbermouth (April 1, 2003). "Kittie File Lawsuit Against Their Record Label". Blabbermouth.net. Archived from the original on April 9, 2023. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
  7. ↑ Blabbermouth (August 19, 2003). "Kittie And Producer File New Claims In Suit Against Artemis Records". Blabbermouth.net. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Gargano 2004, p. 42.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Gleason 2004, p. D3.
  10. ↑ McCallum 2017, 43:36–43:52.
  11. 1 2 Easton, Jeff (November 18, 2003). "Interviews 2003 : Morgan & Mercedes of Kittie". The Metal Exiles (published December 8, 2003). Archived from the original on December 11, 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2023.
  12. 1 2 Gloss 2003, p. 5.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gargano 2004, p. 45.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Artemis Recording Artists Kittie To Release Long-Awaited Follow Up Set "Until the End" July 27th; New Guitarist Lisa Marx Joins Line-Up". artemisrecords.com. April 26, 2004. Archived from the original on May 4, 2006. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  15. ↑ Blabbermouth (June 5, 2003). "Kittie To Lend Support To Fellow London Musician's Family At First Hometown Gig In Three Years". Blabbermouth.net. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
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  24. 1 2 Tillinghast 2004, p. 55.
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  30. 1 2 Gargano 2004, pp. 42, 45.
  31. ↑ Jeckell 2004.
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  40. 1 2 3 Ruskell 2004.
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  54. 1 2 "Until The End by Kittie", Metacritic, archived from the original on April 6, 2023, retrieved March 16, 2023
  55. ↑ Larkin 2006.
  56. 1 2 Jaedike, Jan (2004). "Until The End". Rock Hard (Vol. 208) (in German). Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2023. (subscription required)
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  66. ↑ Aberback 2004.
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  72. ↑ McCallum 2017, 49:52–50:06. Arroyo: "Artemis was actually gonna support us and really get the word out there about Until the End, and it was just such a good vibe."
  73. 1 2 3 Gramlich, Barry (June 3, 2005). "Jennifer Arroyo ties her fate to Suicide City". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on February 21, 2006. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
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  75. 1 2 Blabbermouth (March 23, 2005). "Guitarist Lisa Marx Quits Kittie". Blabbermouth.net. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  76. ↑ McCallum 2017, 51:47–52:06.
  77. 1 2 3 4 Blabbermouth (March 23, 2005). "Kittie Frontwoman Says Guitarist And Bassist Have Both Left The Band". Blabbermouth.net. Archived from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
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