Messor pergandei
M. pergandei worker from the United States
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Genus: Veromessor
Species:
V. pergandei
Binomial name
Veromessor pergandei
(Mayr, 1886)

Veromessor pergandei is a species of harvester ant native to the Southwestern United States, especially the deserts of southeastern California. It has also been identified in the Baja California peninsula of Mexico.[1] It was first described by Gustav Mayr, who named it Aphaenogaster pergandei.[2][3] It can also be referred to as a black harvester ant or desert harvester ant, although these common names have also been applied to other species.[4][5]

Description

V. pergandei has a head of equal length and width, with very large mandibles. It has short white or yellow hair and a large thorax. Males typically measure about 8.5 mm (0.33 in) and females about 10 mm (0.39 in).[1] However, individual size can vary based on factors such as availability of food and interspecific competition. The species is named after American myrmecologist Theodore Pergande.[6] The genus was for some time synonymized under Messor but has been split out based on a 2015 study.[7]

Ecology

Like other harvester ants, V. pergandei gathers fruits and seeds for food. The seeds of perennial shrubs such as Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa are included in its diet.[8]

References

  1. 1 2 Wheeler, William Morton; Creighton, William Steel (1934). "A study of the ant genera Novomessor and Veromessor" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 69 (9): 341–387. doi:10.2307/20023057. JSTOR 20023057. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  2. ↑ Mayr, Gustav (1886). "Die Formiciden der Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika" (PDF). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft (in German). Vienna. 36: 419–464. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  3. ↑ "Veromessor". AntWiki. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  4. ↑ Lighton, J.R.; Bartholomew, G.A. (1988). "Standard energy metabolism of a desert harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex rugosus: Effects of temperature, body mass, group size, and humidity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 85 (13): 4765–4769. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.4765L. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.13.4765. PMC 280516. PMID 16593953.
  5. ↑ "Black Harvester Ant". Orkin. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  6. ↑ Davidson, Diane W. (1978). "Size variability in the worker caste of a social insect (Veromessor pergandei Mayr) as a function of the competitive environment". The American Naturalist. 112 (985): 523–532. doi:10.1086/283294. S2CID 84302379. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  7. ↑ Ward, Philip S.; Brady, Seán G.; Fisher, Brian L.; Schultz, Ted R. (2015). "The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Phylogeny and evolution of myrmicine ants". Systematic Entomology. 40 (1): 61–81. doi:10.1111/syen.12090. S2CID 83986771.
  8. ↑ Wissinger, Benjamin D. (2012). Perennial shrub and harvester ant responses to environmental gradients in southern California deserts (Thesis). University of Idaho. OCLC 823874661.
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