Vicilin is a legumin-associated globulin protein. It is a storage protein found in legumes such as the pea or lentil[1][2][3] that protects plants from fungi and microorganism. It is believed to be an allergen in pea[4][5][6] and peanut[7] allergy responses.

Function of Vicilin

Vicilin is a globulin present in legumes that assists the storage of proteins.[8] Vicilins are 7S globulins. Sucrose binding, antifungal capabilities, and oxidative stress are a few of the globulin's functions. Vicilin peptides produced by digestion using trypsin or chymotrypsin offer anti-hypersensitive properties.

Vicilin's function was best understood because to the addition of the copper ligand. Vicilin has various significant residues, four of which are involved in copper ion coordination. Vicilin belongs to the cupin family of proteins, in which metal ligand coordination is common, but vicilin is the only seed storage protein in this family known to include copper. This inclusion is crucial for enzymatic activity.[9]

Vicilin structure

Vicilin is made up of one α subunit, a single glycerol, and a phosphate ion. The addition of a copper ligand provides structural integrity.[9] The N-terminus and C-terminus fold into cupin folds to produce conserved β-barrels. Cupin folds cluster in seed storage proteins, and the presence of a metal ligand influences the protein's catalytic action. The C-terminus and N-terminus generate a cupin fold that is symmetrically centered off the axis. This axis is responsible for all copper ligand incorporation. This copper center's structure has four main residues: Cys-338, Tyr-67, His-340, and His-379. The copper ligand is coupled by a trigonal planar structure generated by cysteine's sulfur. The bond formed by a hydroxyl group attached to Tyr-67 is longer than the previous three. The enzymatic activity is connected to copper binding via histidine residues. These copper ligands act catalytically on proteins.

Vicilin is a significant allergen found in legumes.[10] The LgE binding proteins found were closely related and belonged to the 7S globulin family of seed storage proteins, which helped identify the allergen.[10] Cross-reactions with various legumes are common when Pis s 1 and vicilins are combined in other seeds.

Major vicilin allergens[7]

  1. Ana o 1 in cashew nut
  2. Ara h 1 in peanut
  3. Jug r 2 in walnut
  4. Cor a 11 in hazelnut

Vicilins have similar amino acid sequences, and cross-reactivity occurs between vicilin allergens.[7]

  1. ↑ Gunning, AvBrian E. S. & Steer, Martin W. (1996). Plant Cell Biology: Structure and Function, p. 14. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9780867205046.
  2. ↑ Aiking, Harry & Boer, Joop de & Vereijken, Johan (2006). Sustainable Protein Production and Consumption: Pigs or Peas?, p. 63. Springer. ISBN 9781402048425.
  3. ↑ "Vicilin - Definition of Vicilin by Merriam-Webster".
  4. ↑ Sanchez-Monge, R; Lopez-Torrejón, G; Pascual, CY; Varela, J; Martin-Esteban, M; Salcedo, G (November 2004). "Vicilin and convicilin are potential major allergens from pea". Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 34 (11): 1747–53. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02085.x. PMID 15544600. S2CID 24690605.
  5. ↑ Abbas, Entsar, Ali Osman, and Mahmoud Sitohy. “Biochemical Control of Alternaria Tenuissima Infecting Post‐harvest Fig Fruit by Chickpea Vicilin.” Journal of the science of food and agriculture 100.7 (2020): 2889–2897. Web.
  6. ↑ Vieira Bard, Gabriela C et al. “Vicilin‐like Peptides from Capsicum Baccatum L. Seeds Are Α‐amylase Inhibitors and Exhibit Antifungal Activity Against Important Yeasts in Medical Mycology.” Peptide Science 102.4 (2014): 335–343. Web.
  7. 1 2 3 Barre, Annick et al. “Vicilin Allergens of Peanut and Tree Nuts (walnut, Hazelnut and Cashew Nut) Share Structurally Related IgE-Binding Epitopes.” Molecular immunology 45.5 (2008): 1231–1240. Web.
  8. ↑ Jain, Abha; Kumar, Ashish; Salunke, Dinakar M. (2016-03-23). "Crystal structure of the vicilin from Solanum melongena reveals existence of different anionic ligands in structurally similar pockets". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 23600. Bibcode:2016NatSR...623600J. doi:10.1038/srep23600. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4804240. PMID 27004988.
  9. 1 2 "Vicilin_1". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
  10. 1 2 Sanchez-Monge, R.; Lopez-Torrejon, G.; Pascual, C. Y.; Varela, J.; Martin-Esteban, M.; Salcedo, G. (November 2004). "Vicilin and convicilin are potential major allergens from pea". Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 34 (11): 1747–1753. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02085.x. ISSN 0954-7894. PMID 15544600. S2CID 24690605.
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