Viola banksii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species:
V. banksii
Binomial name
Viola banksii

Viola banksii, commonly known as native violet, is sold and grown throughout garden nurseries and grown and loved in gardens around Australia, especially in the east. For many years it was known as Viola hederacea, however, the species complex was revised in 2004 by Kevin Thiele, with the name Viola banksii being published in 2003 by Kevin Thiele and Suzanne Prober.[1] Although the Native Violet was initially collected by Banks and Solander, the type specimen was either lost or not provided until a collection by Jacques Labillardière in Tasmania. Thiele discovered that the original type specimen of V. hederacea collected by Labillardière was not the same as the hardier and showier plant later collected, cultivated and widely sold. This second form, native to the east coast from near Brisbane to Batemans Bay, he named Viola banksii. This species is distinguished by its striking purple and white flowers. As well, the fully developed leaves are almost circular in outline with a deep, narrow, v-shaped sinus at the base, and are usually rather bright, fresh green.

Taxonomy

James Edward Smith noted that the form known as V. hederacea in New South Wales had larger leaves, and he suspected it was either a different species or "luxuriant variety", in 1817.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Cultivated widely, Viola banksii is at some risk of becoming naturalised in some areas. One such population has been recorded at Mount Donna Buang near Melbourne.[3]

Cultivation

Viola banksii is a very easy plant to grow, and adaptable to different soil types as long as it gets sufficient moisture and at least half shade or more in a garden situation. It can be quite vigorous in heavier, moisture-retentive soils and spreads forming a natural low groundcover.[4]

Cultivars

  • V. "Baby Blue"
  • V. "White Glory" has all-white flowers with a slight fragrance.[5]

References

  1. ↑ K.R. Thiele; S.M. Prober (2003). "New species and a new hybrid in the Viola hederacea species complex, with notes on Viola hederacea Labill" (PDF). Muelleria. 18: 7–25. doi:10.5962/P.254920. ISSN 0077-1813. Wikidata Q103967135.
  2. ↑ Smith, James Edward (1817). "Viola". In Rees, Abraham (ed.). Rees's Cyclopædia. Vol. 37. London, United Kingdom: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.
  3. ↑ Thiele, K.; Prober, S (2004). "Shrinking Violets". Australian Plants. 22 (179): 259–266.
  4. ↑ Hutchison, Frances (1986). Australian Native Plants for Rockeries and Ground cover. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Reed. p. 36. ISBN 0-7301-0099-5.
  5. ↑ Elliot, Rodger (1994). Attracting Wildlife to Your Garden. Melbourne: Lothian Books. p. 44. ISBN 0-85091-628-3.
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