Voiceless labialized palatal fricative
ɥ̊
ɸ͡ç

The voiceless labial–palatal fricative or approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɥ̊⟩[1] or ⟨ɸ͡ç⟩.[2] The former – more accurately the voiceless labialized palatal fricative by those who consider it to be a fricative[3] – is the voiceless counterpart of the voiced labial–palatal approximant. Other linguists posit voiceless approximants distinct from voiceless fricatives; to them, [ɥ̊] is a voiceless labialized palatal approximant.

Features

or

  • Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
  • The place of articulation of [ɥ̊] is palatal; it is also labialized.[3] The place of articulation of [ɸ͡ç] is palatal and bilabial.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Breton [i ˈɥ̊izin] 'her kitchen' Described as a fricative, and as a realisation of the sequence /hɥ/.[4]
IaaiDescribed as an approximant. Contrasts with the voiced /ɥ/. Not protruded.[5]
Kham Gamale Kham ह्व़ा [ɥ̊ɐ] 'monkey' Described as an approximant. Contrasts with the voiced /ɥ/.[6]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ohala & Solé (2010), p. 43.
  2. ↑ Patricia Ashby (2013) Speech Sounds. Routledge. 2nd edition, p. 82, 116
  3. 1 2 Florence Abena Dolphyne (1988) The Akan (Twi-Fante) Language: Its Sound Systems and Tonal Structure, p.44
  4. ↑ Humpfreys (1971).
  5. ↑ Maddieson & Anderson (1994), p. 176.
  6. ↑ Wilde (2016).

References

  • Maddieson, Ian; Anderson, Victoria (1994), "Phonetic Structures of Iaai", UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics (87): 163–182
  • Ohala, John J.; Solé, Maria-Josep (2010), "Turbulence and Phonology" (PDF), in Fuchs, Susanne; Toda, Martine; Żygis, Marzena (eds.), Turbulent Sounds: An Interdisciplinary Guide, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 37–101, doi:10.1515/9783110226584.37, ISBN 978-3-11-022657-7
  • Wilde, Christopher P. (2016), "Gamale Kham phonology revisited, with Devanagari-based orthography and lexicon", Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (9): 130–199, hdl:1885/109195
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