Voiceless labiodental plosive
ȹ
IPA Number101 408
Encoding
Entity (decimal)p̪
Unicode (hex)U+0070U+032A
X-SAMPAp_d
Braille⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234) ⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) ⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)

The voiceless labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a [p], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [f]. This can be represented in the IPA as . A separate symbol not recognized by the IPA that was occasionally seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, is the qp ligature ȹ.[1]

The voiceless labiodental plosive is possibly not phonemic in any language, though see the entry on Shubi. However, it does occur allophonically. The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, [p̪͡f] and [b̪͡v]. German /p͡f/ ranges between [p̪͡f], [p͡f], and [p͡ɸ].

Features

Features of the voiceless labiodental stop:

Varieties

IPADescription
plain p̪
p̪ʰ aspirated
p̪ʲ palatalized
p̪ʷ labialized
p̪̚ p̪ with no audible release
p̪̌ voiced
p̪ʼ ejective

Occurrence

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Greekσάπφειρος[ˈsap̪firo̞s̠]'sapphire'See Modern Greek phonology
Englishup-front[ʌp̪ˈfrʌnt]'up-front'Common allophone of /p/ before the labiodentals /f/ and /v/ (although it is also possible for the labiodentals to shift to bilabial /ɸ/ and /β/, respectively, instead).
Slovene snop vidim [ˈs̪nɔ̂p̪ ˈʋíːd̪ìm] '(I) see a sheaf' Allophone of /p/ before /f, ʋ/. See Slovene phonology.

See also

References

  1. Peter, Ladefoged; Ian, Maddieson. The sounds of the world's languages. Blackwell Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 9780631198147.
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