Woman reading a print volume of Megatokyo at SDCC 2008

Though webcomics are typically published primarily on the World Wide Web, some webcartoonists may get publishing deals in which comic books are created of their work. Sometimes, these books are published by mainstream comics publishers who are traditionally aimed at the direct market of regional comic books.[1] Some webcartoonists may pursue print syndication in established newspapers or magazines. In other cases, webcomic creators decide to self-publish their work. Crowdfunding through Kickstarter is often used in order to fund such projects.

Publication of webcomics

Though mainstream comic book publishers have typically been wary of licensing webcomics and adapting them into a print format, the rise of webcomics in the 2000s coincided with an American boom in graphic novels. Anna Baddeley, writing for The Guardian, stated that the established fanbase many webcomics have could give publishers a chance to attract new audiences to the print format, making webcomics an attractive focus for publishers.[2] The traditional audience base for webcomics and print comics are vastly different, and webcomic readers do not necessarily go to bookstores. For some webcartoonists, a print release may be considered the "goal" of a webcomic series, while for others, comic books are "just another way to get the content out."[3]

Caitlin Rosberg, writing for Paste Magazine, noted that "digital-first" comics, as found on platforms such as ComiXology, Marvel Unlimited and DC Comics' Digital First, share more aspects with printed comics than with webcomics. With the exception of two-page spreads and the occasional large-panel layout, the formatting of such digital comics are indistinguishable from their print counterparts. "Digital-first" comics can almost seamlessly transition from screen to print, as they are designed with this leap in platform in mind. Rosberg claimed that such comics are not webcomics, as webcomics are designed for consumption only on the World Wide Web, often using infinite canvas techniques or uncommon page formats.[4] Similarly, Lauren Davis wrote for ComicsAlliance that "webcomics are not print comics that happen to appear on the web. They're a distinct animal, offer a distinct reading experience, and should be evaluated accordingly."[5]

Webcomics have been seen by some artists as a potential new path towards syndication in newspapers, but attempts have rarely proven lucrative. According to Jeph Jacques (Questionable Content), "there's no real money" in syndication for webcomic artists.[6] For instance Jeffrey Rowland uploaded his webcomics to the internet in order to gain constructive criticism after being rejected from various syndicates in 1999, but eventually found that he didn't need to get his work syndicated when he started selling merchandise of his webcomic Wigu. To The Boston Globe, Rowland said that "if a syndicate came to me and offered me a hundred newspapers, I would probably say no ... I'd probably make less money, with more work." When Diesel Sweeties found syndication by United Media in 2007, its creator Richard Stevens still made 80% of his income through his website. Other webcomic creators, such as R. K. Milholland (Something Positive) and Michael Terracciano (Dominic Deegan), wouldn't be able to syndicate their work in newspaper because they fill up a specific niche and wouldn't be accepted by a broader audience.[6] Some webcartoonists have proven more successful with newspaper syndication since: in 2015, Dana Simpson syndicated her webcomic Phoebe and Her Unicorn through Universal Uclick to over 100 newspapers.[7]

Many authors opt to self-publish their webcomic in print. In order to do so, many comic artists may use the crowdfunding service Kickstarter, which successfully funded 994 comic and graphic novel projects in 2015.[8]

Published webcomics

In 1996, David Allen launched Plan Nine Publishing, a small press American publisher focused on printing webcomics. The first webcomic Plan Nine published was Bill Holbrook's Kevin and Kell.[9] Plan Nine published over 70 titles, printing late 1990s and early 2000s webcomics such as Sluggy Freelance, Ozy and Millie, Greystone Inn, and College Roomies from Hell!!!.[10] Since 1997, various webcomic creators worldwide have made book deals with larger publishing companies, resulting in their webcomics being adapted into comic books and distributed to retailers.

Webcomic Publication title Creator(s) Publisher(s) Initial publication Issues Issues total Ref(s).
Acception Coco “Colourbee” OuwerkerkSyndikaat20162[11]
Achewood Chris OnstadDark Horse Comics20083[12]
The Adventures of Dr. McNinja Christopher HastingsTopatoCo200736[13]
Dark Horse Comics20113
Always Human Ari NorthSimon & Schuster20201[14]
American Elf James KochalkaTop Shelf Productions20044[15]
Ant Comic Ant ColonyMichael DeForgeDrawn & Quarterly20141[16]
As the Crow Flies Melanie GillmanIron Circus Comics20171[17]
Aoi House Adam ArnoldSeven Seas Entertainment20064[18][19]
Ava's Demon Michelle Czajkowski FusSkybound Entertainment20201[20]
Axe Cop Malachai and Ethan NicolleDark Horse Comics20116[21]
Bad Machinery John AllisonOni Press20138[22]
Battlepug Mike Norton / Allen Passalaqua / Chris CrankDark Horse Comics20125[23]
Bee Shutterbug FolliesJason LittleDoubleday200212[24]
Motel Art Improvement ServiceDark Horse Comics20101[25]
Blindsprings Kadi FedorukHachette20182[26]
Bouletcorp NotesBouletDelcourt200810[27][28]
Bucko Jeff Parker / Erika MoenDark Horse Comics20121[29]
Buzzer Beater Takehiko InoueShueisha19974[30]
Check, Please! Ngozi UkazuFirst Second Books20182[31]
Cheshire Crossing Andy Weir / Sarah AndersenTen Speed Press20191[32]
Comical Psychosomatic Medicine Yū YūkiYoung King201015[33]
copper Kazu KibuishiGRAPHIX20101[34]
Cosmoknights Hannah TemplerTop Shelf Productions20191[35]
Crocodile in Water, Tiger on Land Anonymous HarperCollins India 2015 [36][37][38][39]
Crossdressing Pandemic Mikuzu ShinagawaKill Time Communication20202[40][41]
Crossplay Love: Otaku x Punk TooruMag Garden / Seven Seas Entertainment20197[42][43]
Cucumber Quest Gigi D.G.First Second Books20174[44][45]
Cyanide & Happiness ExplosmIt Books200924[46]
Boom! Studios20142[47]
Demon Jason ShigaFirst Second Books20164[48]
Diesel Sweeties Richard Stevens IIIOni Press20133[49]
Digger Ursula VernonSofawolf Press20056[50]
Dinosaur Comics Ryan NorthTopatoCo20103[51]
Evert Kwok Eelke de Blouw and Tjarko EvenboerSyndikaat20067
Excuse Me Dentist, It's Touching Me! Sho YamazakiShueisha20204[52][53]
Fangs Sarah AndersenAndrews McMeel Publishing20201[54]
Forming Jesse MoynihanNobrow Press20112[55]
FreakAngels Warren Ellis / Paul DuffieldAvatar Press20086[56]
Get Your War On David ReesSoft Skull Press200223[57]
Riverhead Books20041
Gunnerkrigg Court Tom SiddellArchaia Entertainment20087[58]
Hark! A Vagrant Hark! A Vagrant /
Step Aside, Pops
Kate BeatonDrawn & Quarterly20112[59]
Henchgirl Kristen GudsnukDark Horse Comics20171[60]
Hetalia: Axis Powers Hidekaz HimaruyaGentosha20086[61]
Homestuck Andrew HussieTopatoCo201136[lower-alpha 1][62]
Viz Media20186[63]
Hooky Míriam Bonastre TurHoughton Mifflin Harcourt20211[64]
hori-san to Miyamura-kun HeroSquare Enix200710
How to Keep a Mummy Kakeru UtsugiFutabasha20164[65]
I Think I Turned My Childhood Friend into a Girl Azusa BanjoIchijinsha / Seven Seas Entertainment20203[66][67]
I Was Kidnapped By Lesbian Pirates From Outer Space Megan Rose GedrisPlatinum Comics20076[68]
Inverloch Sarah EllertonSeven Seas Entertainment20062[69]
Josou o Yamerarenaku Naru Otokonoko no Hanashi KobashikoKadokawa Shoten20211[70]
I Cross-Dressed for the IRL Meetup KuranoKodansha20203[71][72]
The Joy of Tech The Best of the Joy of TechLiza Schmalcel / Bruce EvansO'Reilly Media20031[73]
Kill Six Billion Demons Tom Parkinson-MorganImage Comics20163[74]
Leaving Richard's Valley Michael DeForgeDrawn & Quarterly20191[75]
Ma vie est tout à fait fascinante Pénélope BagieuDelcourt20121[76]
Marine Corps Yumi Anastasia Moreno and Takeshi Nogami Kodansha 2012 7 [77]
Wendy Pini's Masque of the Red Death Masque of the Red DeathWendy PiniGo! Comi20071[78]
Megatokyo Fred Gallagher / Rodney CastonStudio Ironcat200316[lower-alpha 2][79]
Dark Horse Comics20043
CMX20062
WildStorm20101
Ménage à 3 Gisele Lagace / David LumsdonUdon Entertainment201810[80]
Mob Psycho 100 OneShogakukan201216[81]
Mom's Cancer Brian FiesAbrams Books20061[82]
Mooncakes Suzanne Walker / Wendy XuLion Forge20191[83]
Moving Pictures Kathryn Immonen / Stuart ImmonenTop Shelf Productions20101[84]
My Lesbian Experience With Loneliness Kabi NagataEast Press / Seven Seas Entertainment20161[85]
Nimona ND StevensonHarperCollins20152[86]
Octopus Pie Meredith GranImage Comics20165[87]
Oglaf Trudy Cooper / Doug BayneTopatoCo20112[88]
Ojisan and Marshmallow Rekomaru OtoiIchijinsha20144[89]
One-Punch Man One / Yusuke MurataShueisha / Viz Media201318[90]
Owlturd Comix Emotions Explained with Buff DudesAndrew TsyastonAndrews McMeel Publishing20181[91]
Parade (with Fireworks) Mike CavallaroImage Comics20072[92]
Penny Arcade Jerry Holkins / Mike KrahulikDark Horse Comics200659[93][94]
Del Rey Books20102
Oni Press20122
The Perry Bible Fellowship The Trial of Colonel Sweeto and Other StoriesNicholas GurewitchDark Horse Comics20072[95]
Polar Víctor SantosDark Horse Comics20132[96]
Princess Maison Aoi IkebeShogakukan20152[97]
Problem Sleuth Andrew HussieTopatoCo20105[98]
PvP Scott KurtzDork Storm Press2001145[lower-alpha 3][99]
Image Comics200345
Questionable Content Jeph JacquesTopatoCo20106[100]
The Red Hook Dean HaspielImage Comics20182[101][102]
Red String Gina BiggsDark Horse Comics20023[103]
Rice Boy Evan DahmIron Circus Comics20181[104]
Sabrina Online A Decade in Black & White / The Tail of Two Decades / Baby Steps/Homecoming & Skunks Day OutEric SchwartzUnited Publications & Distribution Ltd20124[105]
Salamander Dream Hope LarsonAdHouse Books20051[106]
Sarah's Scribbles Adulthood is a Myth / Big Mushy Happy Lump / Herding CatsSarah AndersenAndrews McMeel Publishing20163[107]
Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal Save Yourself, Mammal! / The Most Dangerous Game / Science: Ruining Everything Since 1543Zach WeinersmithBreadpig20113[108]
Schlock Mercenary Howard TaylerHypernode Press200016[109]
Senpai wa Otokonoko PomIchijinsha20211[110]
Serenity Rose Aaron AlexovichSlave Labor Graphics20053[111]
Sinfest Tatsuya IshidaDark Horse Comics20092[112]
Sleepless Domain Mary CagleHachette20181[26]
Seven Seas Entertainment2021[113]
Smile SmileRaina TelgemeierGRAPHIX20101[114]
A Softer World Joey Comeau / Emily HorneTopatoCo200945[62]
Breadpig20161[115]
Space Boy Stephen McCranie Dark Horse Comics 2018 13
Spy × Family Tatsuya EndoShueisha / Viz Media20199[116]
Strong Female Protagonist Brennan Lee Mulligan / Molly OstertagTop Shelf Productions20142[117]
Sunstone Stjepan ŠejićImage Comics20146[118]
Top Cow Productions
Templar, Arizona Spike TrotmanIron Circus Comics20074[119]
Tsuredure Children Toshiya WakabayashiKodansha201212[120]
Tu mourras moins bête Marion MontaigneAnkama201124[121]
Delcourt20142
Uchi no Kaisha no Chiisai Senpai no Hanashi SaisōTakeshobo20205[122]
Up and Out Super Late Bloomer: My Early Days in TransitionJulia KayeAndrews McMeel Publishing20181[123]
User Friendly J. D. FrazerO'Reilly Media199945[124][125]
Manning Publications20081
Van Von Hunter Mike Schwark / Ron KaulferschTokyopop20053[126]
Witchy Ariel Slamet RiesLion Forge Comics20192[127]
Woman World Aminder DhaliwalDrawn & Quarterly20181[75]
The Wormworld Saga Daniel LieskeLion Forge Comics20184[128]
Wotakoi: Love is Hard for Otaku FujitaIchijinsha / Kodansha USA201411[129][130]
xkcd xkcd: Volume 0Randall MunroeBreadpig20091[131]
Yarichin Bitch Club Ogeretsu TanakaGentosha / Viz Media20123[132]

Webcomics syndicated in newspapers and magazines

Some webcomics have been regularly published in periodicals such as newspapers and magazines.

Webcomic Creator(s) Syndicate Publication(s) Size Ref(s).
A Softer World Joey Comeau / Emily HorneThe Guardian"several newspapers"[133]
Aiura ChamaKadokawa Shoten4-Koma Nano Ace / Monthly Shōnen Ace[134]
Big Fat Whale Brian McFaddenAssociation of Alternative NewsmediaCleveland Free Times / The Poenix[135][136]
Boy on a Stick and Slither Steven L. CloudUnited MediaThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution / Esquire[137]
Comical Psychosomatic Medicine Yū YūkiYoung King[33]
Diesel Sweeties Richard Stevens IIIUnited Media20 newspapers[6]
Fetus-X Eric MillikinMetro Times / Lansing State Journal[135]
Helen, Sweetheart of the Internet Peter ZaleTribune Media ServicesThe New York Times / New Straits Times60 newspapers[138][139]
Idiot Box Matt BorsUnited MediaSeven Days / Funny Times[135][140]
Phoebe and Her Unicorn Dana SimpsonUniversal Uclick100+ newspapers[7]
Tsuredure Children Toshiya WakabayashiKodanshaWeekly Shōnen Magazine[120]
Van Von Hunter Mike Schwark / Ron KaulferschUniversal Press SyndicateLos Angeles Times, / The Denver Post / The Seattle Post-Intelligencer / The Detroit News / The Oregonian / The Vancouver Sun / Toronto Sun[141][142]

Collected works

From 2004 to 2011, graphic novel author and illustrator Kazu Kibuishi edited the comics anthology series Flight. Published by Image Comics and Ballantine Books, Flight featured short comics by various artists who had varying audiences online.[1] The third book in Ted Rall's Attitude series, subtitled "The New Subversive Online Cartoonists" (2006), features interviews with and strips of 21 different webcartoonists.[143]

Notes

  1. Books 1 and 2 from Viz republish the TopatoCo run, therefore only the Viz total is counted here.
  2. Book 1 was first printed through Studio Ironcat and later reprinted through Dark Horse; the total count counts these as one issue.
  3. PvP was printed as a series of short comic book issues, which were then collected into larger books. This resulted in a higher issue count than other long-running webcomics.

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