Spearwood Dunes

Wembley is located on the Spearwood Dunes, west of the Bassendean Dunes on the Swan Coastal Plain.^[8] The Spearwood Dunes stretch across the Swan Coastal Plain varying in 3 to 15 km in width and consists of Tamala Limestone under its surface.^[8][9]

Lake Monger

Shore of Lake Monger

Lake Monger is one of the few lakes remaining in Perth,^[10] named after John Henry Monger who was granted land in the southern side of the lake in the early years of European settlement.^[5] The abundant wetlands in Perth had long been important to the local Aboriginal people, not only for resources but also because these sites were often camping sites associated with mythological significance.^[11] For the local Aboriginal people, Lake Monger was used as a campsite until the 1920s.^[10] European settlers saw wetlands like Lake Monger as both valuable resources and obstructions.^[11] With the growth of Perth, some discussion occurred regarding the outcome of Lake Monger, including the potential for drainage or agricultural use.^[10] Eventually, it was decided that Lake Monger would be made into a recreational reserve by reclaiming some of lake with the help of tipping waste, and by the mid-20th century, 30,797 tons of waste had been tipped into the lake.^[10]

Aboriginal history

The Indigenous people of the land are the Mooro, a subgroup of the Whadjuk, of the Noongar Aboriginal clan inhabiting the upper west region of the Swan River for at least 40,000 years.^[10][12] The Mooro used resources throughout the region north of the Swan River and moved as the seasons changed.^[12] They moved towards the lakes during summer, as the wetlands served as an important source of water, food, vegetation, and shelter material.^[11] The Mooro moved inland to higher altitudes during winter to avoid the coastal weather.^[12] Lake Monger and Herdsman Lake were called Galup and Ngurgenboro by the Mooro.^[13]

European settlement

The Swan River Colony, which now forms Perth, was founded in 1829.^[4] Early development of the colony was slow, partly due to unfamiliar conditions for the settlers.^[4] With the arrival of European settlers, the Mooro, led by the Indigenous leader Yellagonga at the time, retreated to Lake Monger.^[12] Although, the Mooro were initially friendly to European settlement, differences in culture led to several conflicts throughout the 1830s.^[4][12] One such conflict in the Wembley area occurred in 1830, when the Mooro and European soldiers and settlers engaged in a battle, ending in what is now thought to be Lake Monger.^[10]

In 1832, David Patterson and Henry Burgess were each granted one lot of land in the area around Lake Herdsman and Lake Monger, then generally called the Large Lakes District or officially as the Perthshire District.^[3] David Patterson owned 100 acres of land by Herdsman Lake now bound by Herdsman Parade, Dodd Street, Daglish Street, Grantham Street and Pangbourne Street.^[14] Henry Burgess owned 200 acres of land which he called Burgess Farm now bound by Pangbourne Street, Grantham Street, Gregory Street and Cambridge Street.^[14] Lake Monger was used as a food depot in 1833 for the local Aboriginal people as more land in the area was being granted to early settlers.^[13]

In January 1846, John Brady, the first Bishop of Perth, seven Sisters of Mercy and two Spanish Benedictine Monks, Joseph Benedict Serra and Rosendo Salvado arrived at Fremantle.^[4] The Catholic Church acquired land plots between Herdsman Lake and Mongers Lake in 1846–47, including the land owned by David Patterson and Henry Burgess.^[4] These plots of land came to be known as New Subiaco and were selected to be developed by the Benedictine Monks under the leadership of Serra, who became Bishop of Perth in 1849.^[4] With the help of European recruits in 1849 and 1853, they constructed temporary shelters, olive trees, a vineyard, and an orchard.^[4] In the late 1850s, a monastery was established at New Subiaco, where current day MercyCare Residential Aged Care is located, by the Benedictine Monks.^[3][4] The Benedictine Monks left the site in 1864 for New Norcia and development of New Subiaco stopped.^[4] These buildings were occupied again when it became St Vincent's boys orphanage in 1872, then in 1901 the Sisters of Mercy took over the buildings and it became the St Joseph's Orphanage.^[13] The area where the monastery was located came to be known as Emerald Hill, a reference to Ireland, in the 1890s due to its strong Irish Catholic presence.^[3]

Early development

With the completion of the Perth-Fremantle railway in 1881,^[3] Subiaco station opened in 1883 nearby, close to Salvado Road (Bizzaca, 2014).^[4] Subiaco station was used by residents in the Wembley area due to its proximity (Putt, 1990).^[3] The population and demand for housing in the Wembley area, as with other areas in the colony, saw large growth with the Western Australia gold rush as the population spread further out from the city, shortly after the discovery of gold in Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie in 1892 and 1893 (Putt, 1990).^[3] The gold rush saw the colony's population double by 1985 to 100,515, and nearly double by 1901 to 184,124.^[15] Though, throughout the early 1900s, absence of public transportation slowed the development of the Wembley area as car ownership had not been widespread yet.^[13]

Lake Monger was used for recreational purposes during this time and the Monger's Lake Board, established in 1902, oversaw the development of the lake.^[13] Playgrounds, jetties, a bandstand and bathing sheds were built on Lake Monger, with boating, yacht races and fishing being a form of leisure for residents.^[13]

In 1909, the Municipality of Leederville, the Roman Catholic Church and John Nanson, then the owner of the Perthshire Estate,^[3] began talks on subdivision of their lands around the Wembley area.^[13] The land owned by the Catholic Church was subdivided first to create the Church Lands Estate and the Perthshire Estate, on the western side of the area, then underwent subdivision.^[13][3] The Churchlands Estate was officially a part of West Leederville by the early 1920s and it was deemed appropriate to identify the area separate from West Leederville, as it had caused practical issues for residents.^[13] The Church Lands, Emerald Hill and Perthshire Estates had their names changed and gazetted as Wembley Park in 1924, named after the suburb in London.^[6] This name was later shortened to Wembley in 1935.^[7] During the expansion of the Perth tramways between 1913 and 1930,^[16] tramway construction delays in Wembley led to a motor bus service being subsidised in 1923.^[13] A tram station was built in Wembley in 1927, reaching up to Nanson Street, and allowed greater access to western Perth.^[13] Wembley was relatively remote till this time with no road along Lake Monger till 1930 and no road to the beach yet.^[13]

Greater emphasis was placed on leisure and entertainment in Wembley as the area developed and Cambridge Street has especially been the centre for such business.^[13] The Wembley Picture Theatre and the Wembley Picture Gardens opened in 1937 on Cambridge Street and they could seat over 800 patrons and up to 800 patrons respectively.^[13] The western end of Cambridge Street also featured a dairy till 1941, and several businesses opened around the Wembley Hotel^[13] which was established earlier in 1932. The tram line through Wembley was closed and replaced by trolleybus in 1939, as trolleybuses were seen to be a cheaper way to meet the increasing demand for public transportation.^[17]

Post-war development

An increase in private car ownership saw more service stations pop up and was a factor for growth in Wembley.^[18] The provision of supplementary services, like Infant Health Clinics, were an indicator for growth in Wembley.^[18] Nearby, the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in the suburb of Floreat with the construction of the Perry Lakes Stadium.^[13]

In this period, Wembley was seen as part of the inner suburbs and saw an increase in housing densities as more younger families started to move in.^[13] This was accompanied by unit development replacing some older housing.^[13] In 1994, the Town of Cambridge was created from the City of Perth, which Wembley became a part of.^[13] Cambridge Street has also experienced further commercial development more recently.^[18]

Public transport

Wembley is served by public transport through several bus routes. Buses that are available in Wembley are the following routes:

• 81: From Perth Busport to City Beach^[21]
• 82: From Perth Busport to City Beach^[21]
• 83: From Perth Busport to Wembley Downs^[21]
• 84: From Perth Busport to Wembley Downs^[21]
• 85: From Perth Busport to Glendalough Station^[21]
• 15: From Glendalough Station to Perth Busport^[22]

Train stations closest to Wembley are in Subiaco and Glendalough.

Roads

Given that public transportation in Wembley consists of bus routes, 7.3% of Wembley residents travelled to work by bus, 4.3% higher than the national average. 64.5% of residents travelled to work by car, either as a driver or passenger, and 12.9% of residents travelled to work by public transport.^[2]

Local

Wembley lies mostly within the boundaries of the Town of Cambridge local government area, and partially within the City of Stirling local government area to the north. The mayor of the Town of Cambridge is Keri Shannon, with a term expiring in 2023.^[23] The mayor of the City of Stirling is Mark Irwin, with a term expiring in 2023.^[24]

State

Wembley falls mostly under the Churchlands state electoral boundaries, and partially under Nedlands to the south.^[25]

Federal

Wembley falls under the division of Curtin for the Australian House of Representatives.^[26] The member for the division of Curtin is Kate Chaney, an independent.