Liverpool, West Derby
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of Liverpool, West Derby in Merseyside
Outline map
Location of Merseyside within England
CountyMerseyside
Electorate62,709 (December 2010)[1]
Current constituency
Created1885
Member of ParliamentIan Byrne (Labour Party)
SeatsOne
Created fromLiverpool

Liverpool, West Derby is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Ian Byrne of the Labour Party.[n 2]

Boundaries

Liverpool West Derby in Lancashire, boundaries used 1974-83

1885–1918: The Municipal Borough of Liverpool ward of West Derby.

1918–1950: The County Borough of Liverpool wards of Anfield, Breckfield, and West Derby.

1950–1955: The County Borough of Liverpool wards of Croxteth and West Derby.

1955–1983: The County Borough of Liverpool wards of Clubmoor, Croxteth, Dovecot, and Gillmoss.

1983–1997: The City of Liverpool wards of Clubmoor, Croxteth, Dovecot, Gillmoss, and Pirrie.

1997–2010: The City of Liverpool wards of Clubmoor, Croxteth, Dovecot, Gillmoss, Pirrie, and Tuebrook.

2010–present: The City of Liverpool wards of Croxteth, Knotty Ash, Norris Green, Tuebrook and Stoneycroft, West Derby, and Yew Tree.

The constituency is one of five covering the city of Liverpool and covers the northeast of the city, including Croxteth, Gillmoss, Knotty Ash, Norris Green, Tuebrook, and Stoneycroft as well as West Derby itself.

Following their review of parliamentary representation in Merseyside, the Boundary Commission created a modified West Derby constituency, which was fought at the 2010 general election. The commission's initial proposal to create a cross-border "Croxteth and Kirkby" constituency (which would have contained electoral wards from Knowsley borough, as well as from Liverpool) was dropped on its public consultation.

Proposed

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, from the next general election, due by January 2025, the constituency will be composed of the following wards (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

  • The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley wards of: Page Moss; Swanside.
  • The City of Liverpool wards of: Knotty Ash; Old Swan; Tuebrook and Stoneycroft; West Derby; Yew Tree.[2]

The constituency will be subject to significant change, with the addition of the two Knowsley Borough wards from the constituency of Knowsley and the Liverpool City ward of Old Swan from Liverpool Wavertree. These will be partly offset by the transfer of the Croxteth and Norris Green wards to Liverpool Walton.

History

The seat was created in the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and can be considered a safe seat from 1964 to the present day for the Labour Party, having retained the seat at every general election since then. However, in the early-1980s, it was briefly held by the SDP as a result of sitting Labour MP Eric Ogden being among many defectors.[n 3] Labour regained the seat at the 1983 general election, where Bob Wareing won the seat back for Labour.

Before 1964, it was held by the Conservative Party, although their share of the vote has declined considerably; so much so that at four recent general elections, they have finished in fourth place; however they managed to place in third at the 2015 general election and second place in 2017 and 2019.

At the general elections of 1997 and 2001, the Liverpool West Derby seat was the only constituency in England in which a minor party finished in second place, the Liberal Party who had[n 4] all three local councillors for one electoral ward in the area.[3] At the 2005 general election, however, the Liberals were pushed into third place by the Liberal Democrats and fell to fourth place in 2015, with UKIP finishing in second place.

Sir F E Smith

Sir Frederick Edwin Smith, then Solicitor-General in the David Lloyd George Coalition Government, was returned for Liverpool West Derby at the 1918 general election; when constituency reorganisation abolished his former neighbouring Walton seat. He sat for only two months, being promoted Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and raised to the peerage as Lord Birkenhead in February 1919. He was the first of two MPs for this seat to achieve the highest legal office.

David Maxwell Fyfe

Maxwell Fyfe, KC, MP from 1935 to 1954 (including World War II) became the highest judge in the country, the Lord Chancellor, having been the Attorney General and Solicitor General for England and Wales. He helped to co-write the European Convention on Human Rights and was one of the key prosecutors at the Nuremberg Trials jointly with the (Labour-member) prosecutor Sir Hartley Shawcross. At this task was a "capable lawyer, efficient administrator and concerned housemaster".[4] There were misgivings in some quarters as to how Fyfe would perform, cross-examination not being regarded as one of his strengths. However his cross-examination of Hermann Göring is one of the most noted cross-examinations in history.[5] "Faced with sustained and methodical competence rather than brilliance, Goering...[n 5] crumbled".[6]

Stephen Twigg

Stephen Twigg ousted Michael Portillo in the normally right-leaning Enfield Southgate seat and represented it from 1997 until the 2005 general election; briefly serving as schools minister before that year's general election, which he lost, before five years later, standing for this normally left-leaning seat in Liverpool.

Members of Parliament

ElectionMember[7]Party
1885 Lord Claud Hamilton Conservative
1888 by-election Hon. William Cross Conservative
1893 by-election Walter Long Conservative
1900 Samuel Higginbottom Conservative
1903 by-election William Rutherford Conservative
1918 Sir F. E. Smith, Bt Conservative
1919 by-election Sir Reginald Hall Conservative
1923 Sydney Jones Liberal
1924 Sir John Sandeman Allen Conservative
1935 by-election David Maxwell Fyfe Conservative
1954 by-election John Woollam Conservative
1964 Eric Ogden Labour
1981 SDP
1983 Bob Wareing Labour
2007 Independent
2010 Stephen Twigg Labour Co-operative
2019 Ian Byrne Labour

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Liverpool West Derby[8][9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ian Byrne 34,117 77.6 ―5.2
Conservative Tom Bradley 4,133 9.4 ―0.5
Brexit Party Ray Pearson 2,012 4.6 New
Liberal Steve Radford 1,826 4.2 ―0.6
Liberal Democrats Paul Parr 1,296 2.9 +1.7
Green Will Ward 605 1.4 +0.7
Majority 29,984 68.2 ―4.7
Turnout 43,989 67.0 ―2.0
Labour hold Swing
General election 2017: Liverpool West Derby[10][11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Co-op Stephen Twigg 37,371 82.8 +7.6
Conservative Paul Richardson 4,463 9.9 +3.3
Liberal Steve Radford 2,150 4.8 ―0.2
Liberal Democrats Paul Parr 545 1.2 ―1.1
Green Will Ward 329 0.7 ―1.7
Independent Graham Hughes 305 0.7 New
Majority 32,908 72.9 +6.2
Turnout 45,163 69.0 +4.8
Labour Co-op hold Swing +2.2

Paul Parr was also the Liberal Democrat candidate at both the 2010 and 2015 general elections, when he was known as Paul Twigger.[10] Graham Hughes ran on an anti-Brexit platform as an independent in 2017, and subsequently joined the Liberal Democrats.[12]

General election 2015: Liverpool West Derby[13][14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Co-op Stephen Twigg 30,842 75.2 +11.1
UKIP Neil Miney 3,475 8.5 +5.4
Conservative Ed McRandal 2,710 6.6 ―2.7
Liberal Steve Radford 2,049 5.0 ―4.3
Green Rebecca Lawson 996 2.4 New
Liberal Democrats Paul Twigger 959 2.3 ―10.2
Majority 27,367 66.7 +16.1
Turnout 41,031 64.2 +7.5
Labour Co-op hold Swing ―2.8
General election 2010: Liverpool West Derby[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Co-op Stephen Twigg 22,953 64.1 +3.6
Liberal Democrats Paul Twigger 4,486 12.5 ―2.7
Liberal Steve Radford 3,327 9.3 ―2.5
Conservative Pamela Hall 3,311 9.3 +1.1
UKIP Hilary Jones 1,093 3.1 +1.1
Socialist Labour Kai Anderson 614 1.7 ―0.6
Majority 18,467 50.6 +6.3
Turnout 35,784 56.7 +11.0
Labour Co-op hold Swing +3.2

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Liverpool West Derby[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Wareing 19,140 62.8 ―3.4
Liberal Democrats Patrick Moloney 3,915 12.9 +2.0
Liberal Steve Radford 3,606 11.8 ―3.1
Conservative Peter Garrett 2,567 8.4 +0.4
Socialist Labour Kai Anderson 698 2.3 New
UKIP Peter Baden 538 1.8 New
Majority 15,225 49.9 ―1.4
Turnout 30,464 47.2 +1.7
Labour hold Swing ―2.7
General election 2001: Liverpool West Derby[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Wareing 20,454 66.2 ―5.0
Liberal Steve Radford 4,601 14.9 +5.3
Liberal Democrats Patrick Moloney 3,366 10.9 +1.9
Conservative William Clare 2,486 8.0 ―0.7
Majority 15,853 51.3 ―10.3
Turnout 30,907 45.5 ―15.8
Labour hold Swing ―5.0

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Liverpool West Derby[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Wareing 30,002 71.2 +3.0
Liberal Steve Radford 4,037 9.6 +7.0
Liberal Democrats Ann Hines 3,805 9.0 ―3.2
Conservative Neil C. Morgan 3,656 8.7 ―7.9
Referendum Peter R. Forrest 657 1.6 New
Majority 25,965 61.6 +10.0
Turnout 42,157 61.3 ―8.5
Labour hold Swing ―2.0
General election 1992: Liverpool West Derby[19][20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Wareing 27,014 68.2 +2.9
Conservative Stephen Fitzsimmons 6,589 16.6 −2.6
Liberal Democrats Gillian Bundred 4,838 12.2 −3.3
Liberal Derek Curtis 1,021 2.6 New
Natural Law Christopher Higgins 154 0.4 New
Majority 20,425 51.6 +5.5
Turnout 39,616 69.8 −3.6
Labour hold Swing +2.8

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Liverpool West Derby[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Wareing 29,021 65.3 +10.8
Conservative John Backhouse 8,525 19.2 −8.3
SDP Malcolm Ferguson 6,897 15.5 −2.5
Majority 20,496 46.1 +19.1
Turnout 44,443 73.4 +3.9
Labour hold Swing +9.6
General election 1983: Liverpool West Derby[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Wareing 23,905 54.5
Conservative William M. Trelawney 12,062 27.5
SDP Eric Ogden 7,871 18.0
Majority 11,843 27.0
Turnout 43,838 69.5
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Eric Ogden 22,576 55.47 −5.01
Conservative D P M Hudson 14,356 35.28 +6.40
Liberal A Humphreys 3,765 9.25 −1.39
Majority 8,220 20.19 −11.41
Turnout 40,697
Labour hold Swing
General election October 1974: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Eric Ogden 23,964 60.48 +5.8
Conservative J Last 11,445 28.88 −1.8
Liberal R Ousby 4,215 10.64 −3.1
Majority 12,519 31.60 +7.6
Turnout 39,624
Labour hold Swing
General election February 1974: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Eric Ogden 22,689 54.68 −2.6
Conservative J Last 12,716 30.65 −12.0
Liberal P. Gilchrist 5,701 13.74 New
PEOPLE D. Pascoe 388 0.94 New
Majority 9,973 24.0 +9.4
Turnout 41,494
Labour hold Swing
General election 1970: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Eric Ogden 22,324 57.3 +0.44
Conservative Michael Latham 16,619 42.7 −0.4
Majority 5,705 14.65 +0.88
Turnout 38,943
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Eric Ogden 19,988 56.9 +2.2
Conservative Peter Rees 15,150 43.1 -2.2
Majority 4,838 13.8 +4.42
Turnout 35,138
Labour hold Swing
General election 1964: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Eric Ogden 21,134 54.7 +8.66
Conservative John Woollam 17,519 45.3 -8.66
Majority 3,615 9.35 N/A
Turnout 38,653
Labour gain from Conservative Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Woollam 22,719 54.0 +0.7
Labour Aubrey Paxton 19,386 46.0 -0.7
Majority 3,333 7.9 +1.4
Turnout 42,105
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1955: Liverpool West Derby[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Woollam 21,124 53.26 +1.65
Labour Co-op Cyril Rawlett Fenton 18,540 46.74 -1.65
Majority 2,584 6.52 +3.30
Turnout 39,664
Conservative hold Swing
Liverpool West Derby by-election, 1954
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Woollam 21,158 53.15 +1.54
Labour Co-op Cyril Rawlett Fenton 18,650 46.85 -1.54
Majority 2,508 6.30 +3.08
Turnout 39,808 58.9
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1951: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative David Maxwell Fyfe 27,441 51.61
Labour Lewis C. Edwards 25,734 48.39
Majority 1,707 3.22
Turnout 53,175 80.32
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1950: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative David Maxwell Fyfe 27,449 51.92 -2.35
Labour Bertie Kirby 25,417 48.08 -2.35
Majority 2,032 3.84 -4.70
Turnout 52,866
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative David Maxwell Fyfe 21,798 54.27
Labour Co-op Dick Lewis 18,370 45.73
Majority 3,428 8.54
Turnout 40,168
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative David Maxwell Fyfe 21,196 58.35
Labour James Haworth 10,218 28.13
Liberal Douglas Kilgour Mitchell 4,911 13.52 New
Majority 10,978 30.22
Turnout 36,325 62.60
Conservative hold Swing
1935 Liverpool West Derby by-election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative David Maxwell Fyfe Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1931: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Sandeman Allen 32,202 78.01
Labour Joseph Cleary 9,077 21.99
Majority 23,125 56.02
Turnout 41,279 74.04
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Liverpool West Derby[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist John Sandeman Allen 16,794 42.7 −9.8
Labour William Harvey Moore 14,124 36.0 +6.4
Liberal Arthur Probyn Jones 8,368 21.3 +3.4
Majority 2,670 6.7 −16.2
Turnout 39,286 73.1 −4.1
Registered electors 53,745
Unionist hold Swing −8.1
General election 1924: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist John Sandeman Allen 15,667 52.5 +6.7
Labour Thomas Gallon Adams 8,807 29.6 New
Liberal Sydney Jones 5,321 17.9 −36.3
Majority 6,860 22.9 N/A
Turnout 29,795 77.2 +13.7
Registered electors 38,579
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing +21.5
General election 1923: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Sydney Jones 12,942 54.2 New
Unionist Reginald Hall 10,952 45.8 −24.7
Majority 1,990 8.4 N/A
Turnout 23,894 63.5 −1.5
Registered electors 37,618
Liberal gain from Unionist Swing N/A
General election 1922: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Reginald Hall 16,179 70.5 +3.1
Labour David Rowland Williams 6,785 29.5 −3.1
Majority 9,394 41.0 +6.2
Turnout 22,964 65.0 +9.9
Registered electors 35,330
Unionist hold Swing +3.1

Elections in the 1910s

Hall
Liverpool West Derby by-election, 1919
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist William Reginald Hall 6,062 56.5 −10.9
Labour George Nelson 4,670 43.5 +10.9
Majority 1,392 13.0 −21.8
Turnout 10,732 34.3 −20.8
Registered electors 31,276
Unionist hold Swing −10.9
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
Smith
1918 general election: Liverpool West Derby
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist F. E. Smith 11,622 67.4 +4.9
Labour George Nelson 5,618 32.6 New
Majority 6,004 34.8 +9.8
Turnout 17,240 55.1 −13.4
Registered electors 31,276
Unionist hold Swing N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
December 1910 general election: Liverpool West Derby[25][26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Rutherford 4,908 62.5 +4.0
Liberal William John Lias [27] 2,943 37.5 −4.0
Majority 1,965 25.0 +8.0
Turnout 7,851 68.5 −8.9
Registered electors 11,467
Conservative hold Swing +4.0
January 1910 general election: Liverpool West Derby[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Rutherford 5,190 58.5 −1.7
Liberal William John Lias 3,682 41.5 +1.7
Majority 1,508 17.0 −3.4
Turnout 8,872 77.4 +0.0
Registered electors 11,467
Conservative hold Swing −1.7

Elections in the 1900s

Holt
1906 general election: Liverpool West Derby[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Rutherford 5,447 60.2 N/A
Liberal Richard Durning Holt 3,600 39.8 N/A
Majority 1,847 20.4 N/A
Turnout 9,047 77.4 N/A
Registered electors 11,692
Conservative hold Swing N/A
Liverpool West Derby by-election, 1903[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Rutherford 5,455 62.7 N/A
Liberal Richard Durning Holt 3,251 37.3 New
Majority 2,204 25.4 N/A
Turnout 8,706 73.6 N/A
Registered electors 11,824
Conservative hold Swing N/A
1900 general election: Liverpool West Derby[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Samuel Wasse Higginbottom Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1890s

Long
1895 general election: Liverpool West Derby[28][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Walter Long 4,622 73.3 +14.9
Liberal Oscar Browning 1,686 26.7 −14.9
Majority 2,936 46.6 +29.8
Turnout 6,308 59.8 −10.7
Registered electors 10,556
Conservative hold Swing +14.9
Liverpool West Derby by-election, 1893[28][29][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Walter Long 3,632 61.5 +3.1
Liberal Daniel Shilton Collin 2,275 38.5 −3.1
Majority 1,357 23.0 +6.2
Turnout 5,907 58.5 −12.0
Registered electors 10,093
Conservative hold Swing +3.1
  • Caused by Cross' death.
1892 general election: Liverpool West Derby[28][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Cross 4,107 58.4 −3.2
Liberal Frederick R Smith[30] 2,925 41.6 +3.2
Majority 1,182 16.8 −6.4
Turnout 7,032 70.5 +4.6
Registered electors 9,971
Conservative hold Swing −3.2

Elections in the 1880s

By-election, 10 Aug 1888: Liverpool West Derby[28][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Cross Unopposed
Conservative hold
  • Caused by Hamilton's resignation.
1886 general election: Liverpool West Derby[28][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Claud Hamilton 3,604 61.6 +3.7
Liberal Charles Hemphill[31] 2,244 38.4 −3.7
Majority 1,360 23.2 +7.4
Turnout 5,848 65.9 −16.2
Registered electors 8,873
Conservative hold Swing +3.7
1885 general election: Liverpool West Derby[28][32][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Claud Hamilton 4,213 57.9
Liberal Malcolm Guthrie 3,068 42.1
Majority 1,145 15.8
Turnout 7,281 82.1
Registered electors 8,873
Conservative win (new seat)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. ↑ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
  3. ↑ See Labour Party (UK), who at the time called for withdrawal from the EEC (the Common Market) and removal of nuclear weapons during the Cold War. These considerable defections caused Labour to change its policies.
  4. ↑ Terms of office to date: 2003-2015
  5. ↑ Alternative spelling for Göring

References

  1. ↑ "Electorate Figures - Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  2. ↑ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule 1 Part 5 North West region.
  3. ↑ "Find Councillor". 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  4. ↑ Tusa & Tusa (1983), p.136.
  5. ↑ Dutton (2004)
  6. ↑ Tusa & Tusa, p.287.
  7. ↑ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "W" (part 2)
  8. ↑ Reeves, Tony (14 November 2014). "Statement of persons nominated, notice of poll. Election of a Member of Parliament for the Liverpool West Derby Constituency". Liverpool City Council. Archived from the original (DOCX) on 16 November 2019.
  9. ↑ "Commons Briefing Paper 8749. General Election 2019: results and analysis" (PDF). London: House of Commons Library. 28 January 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  10. 1 2 Fitzgerald, Ged (11 May 2017). "Statement of persons nominated, notice of poll. Election of a Member of Parliament for the Liverpool West Derby Constituency". Liverpool City Council. Archived from the original (DOCX) on 4 October 2019.
  11. ↑ "Commons Briefing Paper 7979. General Election 2017: results and analysis" (PDF) (Second ed.). House of Commons Library. 29 January 2019 [7 April 2018]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2019.
  12. ↑ "Election results for Knotty Ash, 2 May 2019". councillors.liverpool.gov.uk. 2 May 2019. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  13. ↑ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  14. ↑ "Liverpool West Derby". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  15. ↑ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  16. ↑ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  18. ↑ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  19. ↑ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  20. ↑ "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  21. ↑ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  23. ↑ The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1955.
  24. ↑ British parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Craig, F.W.S.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  26. ↑ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  27. ↑ ‘LIAS, William John’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2016; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014 ; online edn, April 2014 accessed 11 Oct 2017 Archived 3 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Constitutional Year Book, 1904, published by Conservative Central Office, page 170 (194 in web page)
  29. ↑ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1896
  30. ↑ "Markfield". Leicester Chronicle. 25 June 1892. p. 8. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  31. ↑ "General Election". Liverpool Mercury. 3 July 1886. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 3 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  32. ↑ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886

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