Bialystoker Synagogue
Bialystoker Synagogue in 2013
Religion
AffiliationOrthodox Judaism
Ecclesiastical or organizational status
LeadershipRabbi Menachem Tuchman
StatusActive
Location
Location7-13 Bialystoker Place, Manhattan, New York City, New York
CountryUnited States
Bialystoker Synagogue is located in Lower Manhattan
Bialystoker Synagogue
Location in Lower Manhattan
Geographic coordinates40°42′56″N 73°59′1″W / 40.71556°N 73.98361°W / 40.71556; -73.98361
Architecture
TypeChurch
StyleFederal
Date established1865 (as a congregation)
Completed
  • 1826 (as a church)
  • 1905 (as a synagogue)
MaterialsManhattan schist
Website
bialystoker.org
Bialystoker Synagogue
(Willett Street Methodist Episcopal Church)
NRHP reference No.72000861
Significant dates
Added to NRHPApril 26, 1972[1]
Designated NYCLApril 19, 1966

The Bialystoker Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located at 7–11 Bialystoker Place, also known as Willett Street,[2][3][4] between Grand and Broome Streets in the Lower East Side neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, in New York City, New York, in the United States. The building was constructed in 1826 as the Willett Street Methodist Episcopal Church; the synagogue purchased the building in 1905.

The synagogue was designated a New York City Landmark in 1966. It is one of only four early-19th century fieldstone religious buildings surviving from the late Federal period in Lower Manhattan,[2] and is the oldest building used as a synagogue in New York City.[5]

Congregation

The Bialystoker Synagogue was first organized in 1865 on Manhattan's Lower East Side as the Chevra Anshei Chesed of Bialystok, founded by a group of Jews who came from the town of Białystok, at that time located in the Russian Empire, but now in Poland. The congregation was begun in a building on Hester Street, it later moved to Orchard Street, and ultimately to its present location 7–11 Bialystoker Place on the Lower East Side.

In order to accommodate the influx of new immigrants from that area of Poland, in 1905 the congregation merged with congregation Adas Yeshurun, also from Bialystok, and formed the Beit Ha-Knesset Anshei Bialystok (The Bialystoker Synagogue). The newly formed congregation then purchased (and moved into) the Willett Street Methodist Episcopal Church at 7 Willet Street, which was later renamed Bialystoker Place. During the Great Depression a decision was made to beautify the main sanctuary, to provide a sense of hope and inspiration to the community.

The community today is the biggest synagogue in the Lower East Side with several daily minyanim.[6] Rabbi Menachem Tuchman serves as the rabbi.

Architecture

The fieldstone Methodist Episcopal Church building was built in 1826 with a simple pedimented roof and round arched windows.[3] The building is made of Manhattan schist from a quarry on nearby Pitt Street. The exterior is marked by three windows over three doors framed with round arches, a low flight of brownstone steps, a low pitched pediment roof with a lunette window and a wooden cornice.

The elaborate Torah Ark is believed to have been carved in Bialystok and shipped to New York.

As the synagogue is home to an Orthodox Jewish congregation, a balcony section was constructed to accommodate female congregants. In the corner of the women's gallery a small hidden door in the wall leads to a ladder going up to an attic, lit by two windows. When the building was first opened, it was a rest stop for the Underground Railroad movement; runaway slaves found sanctuary in this attic.

When the air conditioning was updated in the 1990s, an issue arose concerning the possible construction of rooftop units because of the building's historical landmark status. Because of these concerns, the cooling units were installed on the side of the building.

Present activity

In 1988, the congregation restored the interior to its original splendor, and the former Hebrew school building that is attached, but had become dilapidated, was renovated and reopened as The Daniel Potkorony Building. The magnificent stained glass windows were recently completely recreated and renewed.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. 1 2 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1., p. 49
  3. 1 2 White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot (2000). AIA Guide to New York City (4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-8129-3107-5., p. 93
  4. ↑ Brawarsky, Sandee (January 19, 2001). "Safe Havens on the Freedom Line". The New York Times. BIALYSTOKER SYNAGOGUE, landmark structure (built as Willett Street Church), 7–13 Willett Street (renamed Bialystoker Place)…
  5. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (2004). From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12543-7., p.27
  6. ↑ Minyanim on the Bialystoker Synagogue website.
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