Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska & Iowa
Tribal Flag
Martha Gradolf, enrolled tribal member and weaver
Total population
4,192[1]
Regions with significant populations
 United States ( Nebraska)( Iowa)
Languages
English, Ho-Chunk[2]
Religion
traditional tribal religion, Native American Church[3]
Related ethnic groups
other Ho-Chunk people, Otoe, Iowa, and Missouria people[3]

The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska (Ho-Chunk: Nįįšoc Hoocąk)[4] is one of two federally recognized tribes of Ho-Chunk Native Americans. The other is the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin. Tribe members often refer to themselves as Hochungra – "People of the Parent Speech". Their language is part of the Siouan family.

Reservation

The Winnebago Reservation was established by a treaty on March 8, 1865.[5] It is located in Thurston and Dixon counties, Nebraska, and Woodbury County, Iowa.[6] The reservation is 176.55 square miles (112,990 acres; 457.3 km2),[7] of which 27,637 acres (43.183 sq mi; 111.84 km2) is tribal trust land.[1] In 1990, 1,151 tribal members lived on the reservation.[6] Before the move to the reservation in Nebraska and Iowa, the tribe owned (by the treaty of 1846), a vast wilderness area in central Minnesota Territory, the Long Prairie Reservation.[8]

Government

The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska is headquartered in Winnebago, Nebraska.[9] The tribe is governed by a democratically elected general council.

The current administration is as follows:

  • Chairwoman: Victoria Kitcheyan
  • Vice-Chairman: Isaac Smith
  • Treasurer: Rona Stealer
  • Secretary: Lorelei DeCora
  • Council Member: Eugene Decora Dr.
  • Council Member: Kenny Mallory
  • Council Member: Coly Brown
  • Council Member: Aric Armell[10]

Community Outreach

The Winnebago Tribe runs multiple programs aimed at providing services to the tribe and local community including multiple educational programs aimed at assisting low-income tribe members, a tribal housing program, and the Winnebago Veteran's Association.[11] Additionally, the Winnebago Tribe runs the Winnebago Fire Crew which serves the Winnebago and other local tribes[12]

Language

The Winnebago Tribe speaks English and Ho-Chunk (Hocąk), which is a Chiwere-Winnebago language, part of the Siouan-Catawban language family.[2]

Economic development

Lillian St. Cyr, known as Red Wing (1884–1974), a Winnebago actress of the silent film era

Ho-Chunk, Inc. is the tribe's corporation; it provides construction services, professional services, and business and consumer products.[13] The Winnebago Tribe also owns and operates the WinnaVegas Casino Resort, hotel, and Flowers Island Restaurant and Buffet, all located in Sloan, Iowa.[14] Ho-Chunk, Inc. has been recognized several times for exercising good governance and creatively solving issues faced in the tribe. Administered by the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development at the Harvard Kennedy School, it's been awarded an Honoring Nations award in 2000, 2002, 2006, and 2015.[15]

Comprehensive Juvenile Services Plan

In response to issues related to juvenile safety and crime prevention, the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska worked with the Nebraska Crime Commission to establish a comprehensive juvenile services plan. In 2012, the Winnebago Juvenile Justice Planning Team (WJJPT) was formed to assist with youth outreach and public safety. In the most recent revision of the "Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska Comprehensive Juvenile Services Plan three primary areas of concern are listed:

Priority Area #1: Our community needs to distribute responsibility and awareness for youth across the whole community.

Priority Area #2: Our community needs a higher level of community organization.

Priority Area #3: Our community faces a current, pressing need to develop a better coordinated and more comprehensive juvenile justice system.[16] (taken directly from https://ncc.nebraska.gov/sites/ncc.nebraska.gov/files/doc/Winnebago-Tribe-Comm-Plan.pdf)

Since its founding, the WJJPT has planned and carried out a variety of public safety initiatives such as school outreach programs and planning a Crisis Intervention Center

Notable tribal members

  • Joba Chamberlain (b. 1985), Major League Baseball pitcher from 2007-2016
  • Angel De Cora (1871–1919), artist, educator, and Indian rights activist
  • Terri Crawford Hansen (b. 1953), journalist
  • Henry Roe Cloud (1884–1950), educator, college administrator, US federal government official, Presbyterian minister; first full-blood Native American to attend Yale College
  • Lillian St. Cyr, known as Red Wing (1884–1974), an actress of the silent film era
  • Frank LaMere (b. about 1950 – June 16, 2019), activist, advocate, politician
  • Renya K. Ramirez (b. 1959), anthropologist, author, and Native feminist[17]
  • John Raymond Rice (April 25, 1914 – September 6, 1950), U.S. Army in service of UN Forces in Korean War
  • Lexie Wakan LaMere (May 16, 1992 – January 3, 2014), first native to graduate from Senate Page school; youngest delegate in the Nebraska Democratic Party

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 "Winnebago Agency." US Department of the Interior Indian Affairs. Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Ho-Chunk." Ethnologue. Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  3. 1 2 Priztker 475
  4. ↑ "Ho-Chunk Dictionary". dictionary.hochunk.org.
  5. ↑ "Treaty with the Winnebago, 1865". Tribal Treaties Database. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  6. 1 2 Pritker 477
  7. ↑ "2020 Gazetteer Files". census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  8. ↑ Sandy, John H. "Indian and White in Happy Valley: Long Prairie". Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  9. ↑ "Tribal Directory." National Congress of American Indians. Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  10. ↑ https://winnebagotribe.com/tribal-council/ Accessed 7 December 2023
  11. ↑ https://winnebagotribe.com/winnebago-veterans-association/
  12. ↑ https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/great-plains/nebraska/winnebago-agency
  13. ↑ "Ho-Chunk, Inc." Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  14. ↑ "Winna Vegas Casino." 500 Nations. Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  15. ↑ "Winnebago Community Celebrates Ho-Chunk, Inc.'s 25th Anniversary". All Native Group. August 2019.
  16. ↑ https://ncc.nebraska.gov/sites/ncc.nebraska.gov/files/doc/Winnebago-Tribe-Comm-Plan.pdf
  17. ↑ Grad, Rachel (21 March 2018). "Professor Digs Into Family History To Tell Story Of Native American Activism". UC Santa Cruz Anthropology Chronicle. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.

References

  • Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1

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