Xo Dang
Traditional clothing of Xo Dang people
Regions with significant populations
 Vietnam 212,277 (2019)[1]
Languages
Sedang • Vietnamese
Religion
Animism • Christianity
Related ethnic groups
?

The Sedang people (In Vietnamese: Xê Đăng or Xơ Đăng) are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They mainly inhabit the Kon Tum province, Quảng Nam province (Trà My and Phước Sơn districts), Quảng Ngãi province (Sơn Tây district). They are made up of five main groups: Xơ Teng (Xteng), Kayong, Halang, Monom and Todrah.

Their main source of income is farming, but before the 20th century, they mostly relied on hunting and gathering. They are also known to be raising cattle and poultry.

Religiously, they are largely animistic and Roman Catholic. Their language is part of North Bahnaric - a branch of the Mon–Khmer language family.[2]

A small Halang-speaking community with around 1,000 people of Sedang live in the Laos' southeastern boundary province of Attapeu.[3]

History

The myth of ethnic origin shows that these North Bahnaric groups are close to the Hmong–Mien inhabitants and some Sino–Tibetan groups, suggesting that their ancestors may have been too far from north. The closeness of their linguistic and cultural means to the language and culture of the ancient Vietic people provides more evidence. It is possible that the Chams ancestors separated them from the Vietic ancestors, and then the internal conflicts of the Mon–Khmer residents, the conflicts with the Cham people (12th - 15th centuries), Lao people (16th century), Siamese people (18th - 19th centuries), the encroachment of other Mon-Khmer groups, such as Katu, Brau, Ta Oi ... from Laos, has narrowed their range of residence. Having been there for so long, they no longer remember the stories of the long migrations and they have attached their legends to some locations in northern Central Highlands.[4]

Elite warriors, war horses, war elephants and logistics from Sedang tribes alongside Bahnar, Jarai and H're tribes kept an important role in the victories of Tây Sơn dynasty at the end of the 18th century.[5]

Economic Activities

Monom group practices farming in a primitive way: tilling the land by driving buffalo herds to stomp then using wood or iron hoes to excavate.

In the other groups, slash-and-burn agriculture play a dominant role, with tools and farming methods similar to other ethnic groups in the area: cutting trees with axes and knives, then burning with fire; using a sharpened stick or a stick with an iron blade to poke holes to sow seeds; weeding with a small hoe with a handle taken from a fork and a scraper with a bent blade to one side; harvesting the rice by hand.[2]

Their traditional livestock are water buffalo, goat, highland black pig, dog, and chicken.

Grain basket of Xo-dang people in Kon Tum province

Kayong group has planted cinnamon trees. Blacksmithing has been developing in Todrah group area, they knew how to make iron from ore to forge metalwork.[2]

Except a part of the Kayong group, other Sedang groups all know how to weave. In the past, the people only weaved with jute, wild or garden grown ramie. Currently, the Monom and Xteng groups still maintain that tradition. The Todrah and Halang groups have grown cotton plant for spinning and weaving.[4]

Culture

The traditional folk festivals of Sedang people are held following the production cycle. Around the beginning of July, they hold the Ondrô Lo Chôi festival to sow seeds into the upland field and/or sow young rice plants into the patty field. When the rice plants has turned green, the festival Tra Ke Ton will be held for eating leftover rice seeds at the beginning of August.[6]

They celebrate Peng Chupi Festival.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Report on Results of the 2019 Census". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 "Committee of Ethnic Minority Affairs - Introduction about Sedang people". cema.gov.vn. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  3. ↑ "Sedang in Laos". joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  4. 1 2 "The original source of the Sedang people". langvietonline.vn. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  5. ↑ "The Sedang people in the northern Central Highlands with Tây Sơn uprising". web.cema.gov.vn. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  6. ↑ "Traditional folk festivals of Sedang people". kontum.gov.vn. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  7. ↑ "The story about hero Thanh Minh Tám - A Núk". bienphong.com.vn. 28 December 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  8. ↑ "The heroine of military cook". tuoitre.vn. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
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