This list of ZF transmissions details those automotive transmissions created by the German ZF Friedrichshafen AG engineering company.
There are two fundamental types of motor vehicle transmission:
- Manual – the driver has to perform each gear change (i.e., the driver is required to shift gears) and also has a manually operated clutch to shift between gears.
- Automatic – once placed in drive (or any other 'automatic' selector position), it selects the gear ratio dependent on engine speed and load automatically.
Furthermore, they may also be manufactured solely as a gearbox, and use an entirely separate final drive unit (including its differential) – or be supplied as a transaxle, which includes both the gearbox and final drive unit within one housing.
Cars and light vehicles
These may be used in motor cars (automobiles), or light commercial vehicles such as car-derived vans.
Manual transmissions
4-speed longitudinal
- S4-12 – Lotus Elite type 14 (optional), Autocars/Reliant Sabra sports
- S4-18 – Bedford Van, Opel Blitz Van
- 4 DS-10 – Transaxle as fitted to the Hanomag F20-F36 and Mercedes L206/L306/L307 FWD Vans
- 4 DS-10/2 – Transaxle as fitted to the Hanomag F20-F36 and Mercedes L206/L306/L307 FWD Vans
5-speed longitudinal
- 5 DS 25 – transaxle as fitted to the Ford GT40 MK1[1] and MK3,[2] De Tomaso Mangusta, De Tomaso Pantera, Maserati Bora, Abarth SE030, Lancia 037, BMW M1, Michelotti Pura
- S5D 310Z – as fitted to the BMW E36 M3 3.0[3]
- S5D 320Z – as fitted to the BMW E36 328i[4]
- S5-16
- S5-17
- S5-18 – Alfa Romeo Alfa 6, BMW 2002 turbo, Fiat Dino, Fiat 130, Maserati Biturbo, Maserati Quattroporte, Opel Kadett C GTE, Talbot Sunbeam Lotus, Renault Master van
- S5-20 – Maserati Mistral, Maserati Sebring, Maserati Mexico, Maserati Quattroporte I, Mercedes-Benz W112 and Mercedes-Benz W113
- S5-325 – Aston Martin DB5 DB6, Maserati Ghibli, Iso
- S5-24 – Aston Martin DBS, Maserati Quattroporte III
- S5-31 – 1990-2006
- S5-39 – BMW 3 Series (E46), BMW 5 Series (E39), BMW 7 Series (E38), BMW X5 (E53)
- S5-42 – 1987–1995
- S5-47 – 1995–1997
6-speed longitudinal
- S6-37 – 1998-2015 (BMW 3 Series (E46), 4 Series, 5 Series, 6 Series)
- S6-40 – 1989–1996 (Aston Martin Vantage V550, Lotus Carlton/Omega, Chevrolet Corvette, VN Holden Commodore SS Group A)
- S6-45 – (Jaguar F-Type V6, BMW 135i/235i/335i)
- S6-53 – 2007-Present – (Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio, Jaguar S-Type Diesel, Land Rover Discovery 3/4, BMW 5 series E60 530d)
- S6-650 – 1999-2010 (Ford F-Series Super Duty pickup Trucks, GM 2500HD & 3500 pickup trucks)
7-speed longitudinal
- S7-45 – Porsche applications (2011-Present)
Automatic transmissions
For the applications refer to the individual pages.
| Model Gener- ation |
Max. Input Torque |
Pro- duction Period |
Engine Orien- tation |
Speed | Layout | Cou- pling |
Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count [lower-alpha 1] |
Top [lower-alpha 2] |
Power Flow[lower-alpha 3] |
Gear- sets[lower-alpha 4] |
Brakes | Clutch- es | ||||||
| 3HP 12 | 20 kg⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) | 1965 – 1977 |
Longitudinal | 3 | D | S | 2 | 2 | 2 | Torque Converter |
Hydraulic |
| 3HP 20 | 1967 – | Longitudinal | 3 | D | S | 2 | 2 | 2 | Torque Converter |
Hydraulic | |
| 3HP 22 | 30 kg⋅m (217 lb⋅ft) | 1973 – 1990 |
Longitudinal | 3 | D | S | 2 | 3 | 2 | Torque Converter |
Hydraulic |
| 3HP 22 | 1973 – 1990 |
Transverse | 3 | D | S | 2 | 3 | 2 | Torque Converter |
Hydraulic | |
| 4HP 22 | 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) | 1980 – 2003 |
Longitudinal | 4 | O | S | 3 | 4 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Hydraulic |
| 4HP 18 | 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) | 1984 – 1998 |
Longitudinal | 4 | O | S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Hydraulic |
| 4HP 14 | 1987 – 2001 |
Transverse | 4 | O | S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter |
Hydraulic | |
| 4HP 18 | 1987 – 1999 |
Transverse | 4 | O | S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter |
Hydraulic | |
| 4HP 24 | 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) | 1987 – 2004 |
Longitudinal | 4 | O | S | 3 | 4 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Hydraulic |
| 4HP 20 | 1995 – | Transverse | 4 | O | S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter |
Hydraulic | |
| 4HP 16 | 2004 – 2008 |
Transverse | 4 | O | S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter |
Hydraulic | |
| 5HP 18 | 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) | 1990 – 1997 |
Longitudinal | 5 | O | S | 3 | 3 | 4 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 5HP 19 | 325 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) | 1997 – 2002 |
Longitudinal | 5 | O | S | 3 | 3 | 4 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 5HP 30 | 560 N⋅m (413 lb⋅ft) | 1992 – 2000 |
Longitudinal | 5 | O | S | 3 | 3 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 5HP 24 | 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) | 1996 – 2002 |
Longitudinal | 5 | O | S | 3 | 3 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 6HP 26 1st[lower-alpha 5] |
600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) | 2000 – 2007 |
Longitudinal | 6 | O | P & S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 6HP 19 1st[lower-alpha 5] |
350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) | 2000 – 2007 |
Longitudinal | 6 | O | P & S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 6HP 32 1st[lower-alpha 5] |
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) | 2000 – 2007 |
Longitudinal | 6 | O | P & S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 6HP 28 2nd[lower-alpha 5][5] |
600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) | 2007 – 2014 |
Longitudinal | 6 | O | P & S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 6HP 21 2nd[lower-alpha 5] |
350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) | 2007 – 2014 |
Longitudinal | 6 | O | P & S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 6HP 34 2nd[lower-alpha 5] |
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) | [lower-alpha 6] | Longitudinal | 6 | O | P & S | 3 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| CFT 23 | 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) | 2005 – 2007 |
Transvere | CVT | O | S | 1 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic | ||
| CFT 30 [lower-alpha 7] |
310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) | 2005 – 2007 |
Transvere | CVT | O | S | 1 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic | ||
| 7DT-45 [lower-alpha 8] |
450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) | 2009 – | Longitudinal | 7 | O | S | 8[lower-alpha 9] | 0 | 8 | Dual Clutch |
Electronic |
| 7DT-70 [lower-alpha 10] |
700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) | 2010 – | Longitudinal | 7 | O | S | 8[lower-alpha 9] | 0 | 8 | Dual Clutch |
Electronic |
| 7DT-75 [lower-alpha 11] |
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) | 2010 – | Longitudinal | 7 | O | S | 8[lower-alpha 9] | 0 | 8 | Dual Clutch |
Electronic |
| 8DT [lower-alpha 12] |
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) | 2016 – | Longitudinal | 8 | O | S | 8[lower-alpha 9] | 0 | 8 | Dual Clutch |
Electronic |
| 8HP 70 [20][21] |
700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) | 2008 – 2011 |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 30 1st |
300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) | 2010 – 2015 |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 45 1st |
450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) | 2010 – 2015 |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 55 1st |
650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) | 2010 – | Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 65 1st |
650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) | 2010 – | Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 70 1st |
700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) | 2010 – 2015 |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 90 1st |
900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) [lower-alpha 13] |
2010 – 2015 |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 30 2nd |
300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) | 2014 – 2019 |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 50 2nd |
500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) | 2014 – 2019 |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 75 2nd |
740 N⋅m (546 lb⋅ft) | 2014 – 2019 |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 95 2nd |
900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) [lower-alpha 13] |
2014 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 30 3rd |
300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) | 2018 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 51 3rd |
500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) | 2018 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 76 3rd |
750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) | 2018 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8HP 80 3rd[lower-alpha 14] |
800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) | 2018 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8P 45R [lower-alpha 15] |
450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) | 2016 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | integrated | Electronic |
| 9HP 28 [24][25] [26] |
280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) | 2013 – Present |
Transverse | 9 | O | P & S | 4 | 3 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 9HP 48 [24][25] [26] |
480 N⋅m (354 lb⋅ft) | 2013 – Present |
Transverse | 9 | O | P & S | 4 | 3 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
- ↑ plus 1 reverse gear
- ↑ D: direct drive · O: overdrive
- ↑ P: parallel (using the two degrees of freedom of planetary gearsets to increase the number of gears) · S: serial
- ↑ Epicyclic gearing (unless otherwise specified)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lepelletier gear mechanism
- ↑ planned, but never went into production[6]
- ↑ Ford Motor Company
- 2005 – 2007 Ford Five Hundred
- 2005 – 2007 Mercury Montego
- 2005 – 2007 Ford Freestyle
- ↑ Porsche PDK (Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe: Porsche dual clutch gearbox)[7][8][9]
- 2009 Porsche 911 Carrera[9][10][11]
- 2009 Porsche 997 Carrera and Carrera S[12][13][14]
- 2009 Porsche Cayman[8]
- 2009 Porsche Boxster[8]
- 1 2 3 4 helical gear
- ↑ 2010 Porsche 911 Turbo[8][15]
- ↑ Porsche Panamera[8][16]
- ↑ Porsche PDK[17]
- 2016 Porsche Panamera[18]
- 2018 Bentley Continental GT[19]
- 2019 Aston Martin Valhalla V6 Hybrid Limited Edition
- 1 2 Petrol engines · 1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft) Diesel engines
- ↑ Alpina XB7 AWD · Technical Data · 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)[22]
- ↑ developed for racing cars[23]
Heavy vehicles
These are for heavy motor vehicles; such as large goods vehicles (trucks), buses, motorcoaches, agricultural machinery, plant equipment (such as earth movers), or specialist military vehicles such as tanks.
Manual synchromesh transmissions for trucks
TD: Truck transmission with direct drive top gear
TO: Truck transmission with overdrive top gear
5-speed & 6-speed (ZF Ecolite)[27]
- ZF S5-35/2 manual transmission
- S 5–42
- ZF S635
- 6 S 700 TO
- 6 S 850 TO
- 6 S 1000 TO
9-speed (ZF Ecomid)[28]
12-speed & 16-speed (ZF Ecosplit)[29]
Manual synchromesh transmissions for tanks
6-speed
- SSG 76 Aphon
- SSG 77 Aphon
7-speed
- AK 7–200
Automatic transmissions
2-speed auto
- Busmatic – 1963–1979
Ecomat series
- 4, 5 or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (4/5/6 HP 500/590/600) – 1980–2002
- 4, 5 or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (4/5/6 HP 502/592/602/C) – 1997–2007
- 5, or 6-speed with Hydraulic Retarder and Neutral on Vehicle Stop (5/6 HP 504C/594C/604C) – 2006–2016
6-speed auto
- EcoLife with Hydraulic Retarder – 2006–
8-speed auto PowerLine
| Model Gener- ation |
Max. Input Torque |
Pro- duction Period |
Engine Orien- tation |
Speed | Layout | Cou- pling |
Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count [lower-alpha 1] |
Top [lower-alpha 2] |
Power Flow[lower-alpha 3] |
Gear- sets[lower-alpha 4] |
Brakes | Clutch- es | ||||||
| 8AP 600 T[lower-alpha 5] |
600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) | 2017 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8AP 800 T[lower-alpha 5] |
800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) | 2017 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8AP 1000 T[lower-alpha 5] |
1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft) | 2017 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8AP 1200 T[lower-alpha 5] |
1,200 N⋅m (885 lb⋅ft)[lower-alpha 6] | 2017 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
| 8AP 1200 S[lower-alpha 7] |
1,200 N⋅m (885 lb⋅ft)[lower-alpha 6] | 2017 – Present |
Longitudinal | 8 | O | P & S | 4 | 2 | 3 | Torque Converter w/ Lockup |
Electronic |
- ↑ plus 1 reverse gear
- ↑ D: direct drive · O: overdrive
- ↑ P: parallel (using the two degrees of freedom of planetary gearsets to increase the number of gears) · S: serial
- ↑ Epicyclic gearing (unless otherwise specified)
- 1 2 3 4 Automatic Powershift Transmission for Trucks[30]
- 1 2 higher torque on demand[31]
- ↑ Automatic Powershift Transmission for Special Vehicles[32][33]
12-speed AMT
- AS Tronic – automated manual (AMT) with Hydraulic Retarder – 1997–[34]
See also
References
- ↑ Streather, Adrian (2006). Ford GT: Then, and Now – Adrian Streather – Google Books. ISBN 9781845840549. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ↑ Cupler, Justin (22 August 2012). "1964 – 1969 Ford GT40 | car review @ Top Speed". Topspeed.com. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ↑ "BMW Parts Catalogue". Archived from the original on 14 January 2016.
- ↑ "Online BMW Parts Catalog".
- ↑ "ZF 6HP28". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
- ↑ "ZF 6HP34" (PDF). ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
- ↑ "ZF 7-speed dual-clutch transmission". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. ZF.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "FEATURE: ZF's new 7DT 'Mood-Sensing' Dual-Clutch Transmissions". CSM Worldwide. Just-Auto.com. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- 1 2 "Porsche Joins the DCT Set". The Lubrizol Corporation. DCTfacts.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ↑ "Top 911 moves to industry-standard shift controls". The Lubrizol Corporation. DCTfacts.com. 24 September 2009. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
- ↑ "ZF in the Porsche 911 Carrera: Porsche Carrera – Versatility with sports car genetics". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. ZF.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
- ↑ "New Porsche 911 with Direct Fuel Injection and Double-Clutch Gearbox" (Press release). Porsche Cars Great Britain Ltd. / Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. 6 June 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ↑ "Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) – 911 Carrera & 911 Targa 4 Models". Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Porsche.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ↑ "2009 Porsche Carrera PDK Transmission" (YouTube video interview with Porsche official). Roadfly.com/YouTube, LLC. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
- ↑ "The new 911 Turbo. Efficiency demands performance". Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Porsche.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ↑ "The new 911 Turbo. Efficiency demands performance". Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Porsche.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ↑ "ZF Starts Production of the New 8-Speed Dual Clutch Transmission at the Brandenburg Location" (Press release). Brandenburg: ZF Press Release. 16 June 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ↑ "Porsche Panamera 4S - 8-Gang Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (PDK) - Porsche Deutschland". Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ↑ Ewing, Mark (30 August 2017). "All-New Bentley Continental: 626 HP 207 MPH Second Cousin to the Porsche Panamera". Forbes. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
- ↑ "ZF unveils new 8-speed automatic gearbox". PaulTan.org. 3 May 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
- ↑ "The freedom to exceed limits". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
- ↑ https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/models/xb7/technical-data/
- ↑ https://www.zf.com/products/media/zf_race_engineering/motorsports/downloads_2/ZF_RE_Factsheet_Motorsport-Transmissions_EN_001508000203.pdf
- 1 2 "ZF Friedrichshafen AG | Press Release Products". Zf.com. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- 1 2 "ZF Friedrichshafen AG | 9HP - Innovation with nine speeds". Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- 1 2 "ZF 9-Speed Automatic Transmission for Chrysler and Dodge cars". Allpar.com. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ "Trucks | Truck | Ecolite for Light Trucks – ZF Friedrichshafen AG". Zf.com. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ↑ "Trucks | Truck | Ecomid – ZF Friedrichshafen AG". Zf.com. Archived from the original on 15 March 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ↑ "Trucks | Truck | Ecosplit – ZF Friedrichshafen AG". Zf.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ↑ https://www.zf.com/master/media/products_1/commercial_vehicles/footer_1/brochures_trucks_buses/2020_3/TT_Product_Overview_DE_EN_LowRes.pdf · p. 7
- ↑ https://www.zf.com/public/org/Data-sheet_PowerLine_71773.pdf
- ↑ Efficient Torque Converter Automatic Transmission for Commercial Vehicles (ZF 8AP) · Winfried Gründler · Herbert Mozer · Frank Sauter: ATZ worldwide 06/2017 · pp. 36–39
- ↑ https://www.zf.com/public/org/Flyer_PowerLine-Special-Vehicles_en_72128.pdf
- ↑ "ZF AS Tronic". ZF Friedrichshafen AG. ZF.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
External links
- "ZF North America Application Chart (automatic)" (PDF). ZF-Group.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2006. Retrieved 11 February 2006.
- "ZF North America Remanufactured Transmissions and Parts Catalog (Ford Truck Manual Transmissions)" (PDF). ZF-Group.com. Retrieved 31 July 2006.
- "Transmission and Oil Application Chart (BMW Transmissions 1991–1999)" (PDF). June 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
- "The Passion of Gears" (PDF). ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
- ZF.com official ZF Friedrichshafen AG website
- ZF-aftermarket.us ZF Genuine spare parts
- Dinet.biz Alternative spare parts for ZF gearbox buses
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