Zacimba Gaba
Born
Cabinda
NationalityAngolan

Zacimba Gaba (fl. 17th century)[1] was a princess from the Cabinda region of the Kingdom of Kongo, in modern-day Angola, that was forced into slavery and taken to Brazil in 1690. She was taken to the Fazenda José Trancoso plantation in what is now the state of Espírito Santo. She suffered from torture and rape at the hands of the plantation owner, José Trancoso, whom she eventually poisoned and led a mass fleeing of enslaved people from. She established a quilombo settlement on the outskirts of Riacho Doce beach, in what is now the municipality of Conceição da Barra, near the village of Itaúnas.[2][3] Afterwards, she began building canoes and organizing nighttime attacks on the port near the village of São Mateus, freeing recently arrived enslaved Black people.[4]

Biography

Zacimba, who was a warrior princess from the Cabinda region, was kidnapped and forced to the Porto da Aldeia in São Mateus in 1690, in the north of the captaincy of Espírito Santo. Upon arriving there, she was sold into slavery to Portuguese plantation owner José Trancoso. She was tortured and raped until she had revealed that she had been royalty in her homeland.[5] However, she forbade her fellow enslaved people from helping to free her until she was able to poison her enslavers. Over the span of years, she had slowly poisoned Trancoso with a powder she had made from the crushed head of the highly venomous jararaca, what she had dubbed the "pó de amassar sinhô". When Trancoso eventually died from poisoning, she ordered an invasion of the casa-grande to free the enslaved people in the slave quarters. All the torturers were killed, but Trancoso's family had been spared. Before fleeing the plantation, Zacimba guided her fellow enslaved people away from the plantation, waging war against the foremen.[5]

After fleeing, she established her quilombo settlement on the outskirts of the Riacho Doce in what is now the municipality of Conceição da Barra.[4][6] This quilombo was the first that there is record of in the Sapê do Norte region. Around the area, there came to be the creation of various communities made up of the quilombo's descendants, dubbed quilombolas, who have fought to have definitive possession over their land. The princess spent the rest of her life leading armies to the port near São Mateus to free forcibly enslaved Black people who had recently arrived from Africa, and fighting to destroy slave ships.[7][8]

Legacy

A biography about her was written by author Jarid Arraes as part of her 2015 cordel collection and book Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis.[9] In the biography, she writes:

"Quando Zacimba chegou
E então foi interrogada
Respondeu com altivez
Fez a história confirmada
Era sim uma princesa
Por seu povo era adorada..."[10]

In a brief passage, Arraes makes mention of her nighttime raids to free enslaved people from the slave ships, highlighting the relevance of the Angolan princess to current struggles against racism and misogyny.[10]

Read more

  • AGUIAR, M. (2007). História dos Quilombolas. São Mateus, ES: Memorial.

References

  1. ↑ Chan, Ana Julia (30 July 2018). "Conheça a história de Zacimba Gaba, princesa guerreira que libertou escravos no Norte do ES". Folha Vitória (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  2. ↑ Romeu, Gabriela (20 November 2010). "Conheça a história de Zacimba Gaba, princesa africana que lutou contra a escravidão no Brasil". Folha de São Paulo. UOL. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  3. ↑ "Exposição Virtual Heroínas com Moldura" (PDF). Brazilian Senate. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  4. 1 2 "As histórias escritas por negros no ES, no Brasil e no mundo". A Gazeta (in Brazilian Portuguese). 18 November 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  5. 1 2 "Zacimba Gaba, a princesa angolana escravizada que lutou por liberdade". Ceará Criolo. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  6. ↑ "Museu Intercontinental África Brasil: espetáculo de assombrações - Alessandra Simões". ABCA (in Brazilian Portuguese). 22 July 2018. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  7. ↑ MACÊDO, Jhennefer Alves (2016). Do esquecimento ao protagonismo: As princesas negras na literatura juvenil (PDF). João Pessoa - PB.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ↑ "Prova, questões, Zacimba Gaba" (PDF). Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (Ifes) official website. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  9. ↑ "Heroínas negras brasileiras - Jarid Arraes - Grupo Companhia das Letras". www.companhiadasletras.com.br. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  10. 1 2 Arraes 2017.

Bibliography

  • Arraes, Jarid (2017). Zacimba Gaba in: Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 Cordéis (in Portuguese). Polén Livros.
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