1234

Year 1234 (MCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (full calendar displayed in the link) of the Julian calendar.

Battle between Mongol warriors and Jin horsemen, during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty from the Jami' al-tawarikh, by Rashid al-Din Hamadani
1234 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1234
MCCXXXIV
Ab urbe condita1987
Armenian calendar683
ԹՎ ՈՁԳ
Assyrian calendar5984
Balinese saka calendar1155–1156
Bengali calendar640–641
Berber calendar2184
English Regnal year18 Hen. 3 – 19 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar1778
Burmese calendar596
Byzantine calendar6742–6743
Chinese calendar癸巳年 (Water Snake)
3931 or 3724
    — to —
甲午年 (Wood Horse)
3932 or 3725
Coptic calendar950–951
Discordian calendar2400
Ethiopian calendar1226–1227
Hebrew calendar4994–4995
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1290–1291
 - Shaka Samvat1155–1156
 - Kali Yuga4334–4335
Holocene calendar11234
Igbo calendar234–235
Iranian calendar612–613
Islamic calendar631–632
Japanese calendarTenpuku 2 / Bunryaku 1
(文暦元年)
Javanese calendar1143–1144
Julian calendar1234
MCCXXXIV
Korean calendar3567
Minguo calendar678 before ROC
民前678年
Nanakshahi calendar−234
Thai solar calendar1776–1777
Tibetan calendarཆུ་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་
(female Water-Snake)
1360 or 979 or 207
    — to —
ཤིང་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་
(male Wood-Horse)
1361 or 980 or 208

Events

By place

Europe

  • King Canute II of Sweden ("the Tall") dies after a five-year reign. His rival, Eric XI ("the Lisp and Lame"), returns as ruler of Sweden (possibly after a civil war between the two of them). It is also possible that Canute dies of natural causes, and Eric peacefully then returns as king.
  • King Andrew II of Hungary proclaims his son, Coloman of Galicia, as ruler (or ban) of Bosnia, who passes it on to Prijezda, a cousin of Matej Ninoslav, despite Matej being the legitimate ruler.
  • Reconquista – King Sancho II of Portugal conquers the cities of Aljustrel and Mértola from the Moors.[1]

Mongol Empire

  • February 9 – Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: The Mongol army led by Ögedei Khan captures the Jin capital at Caizhou, after the two-month Siege of Caizhou). Emperor Aizong of Jin abdicates the throne to Wanyan Chenglin, a descendant of the Jin imperial clan. After the Mongol and Song forces have breached the city walls, Aizong tries to escape, but commits suicide to avoid being captured. This marks the end of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) ('Great Jin') in China.[2]

Africa

  • The Manden region rises against the Kaniaga Kingdom. This is the beginning of a process that will lead to the rise of the Mali Empire.[3]

By topic

Religion

Births

  • February 27 – Abaqa Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (d. 1282)
  • Christina of Norway, Infanta of Castile, princess (d. 1262)
  • Kaliman I, emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria (d. 1246)
  • Conrad of Ascoli, Italian friar and missionary (d. 1289)
  • Ippen (or Zuien), Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 1289)
  • Manuel of Castile, Spanish prince (infante) (d. 1283)
  • Margaret of Holland, Dutch noblewoman (d. 1276)
  • Ou Shizi, Chinese Confucian scholar (d. 1324)

Deaths

  • January 7 – Robert of Auvergne, bishop of Clermont
  • February 9
    • Aizong of Jin, Chinese emperor (b. 1198)
    • Mo of Jin (or Hudun), Chinese emperor
  • April 7 – Sancho VII ("the Strong"), king of Navarre
  • April 16 – Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English nobleman (b. 1191)
  • May 7 – Otto I, Duke of Merania, German nobleman and knight (b. 1180)
  • June 18 – Chūkyō, emperor (tennō) of Japan (b. 1218)
  • July 19 – Floris IV, Count of Holland, Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1210)
  • July 29 – William Pinchon, French prelate and bishop
  • August 7 – Hugh Foliot, bishop of Hereford (b. 1155)
  • August 31 – Go-Horikawa, emperor of Japan (b. 1212)
  • September 6 – Milo of Nanteuil, bishop of Beauvais
  • September 26 – Eudes II, Lord of Ham, French nobleman
  • November 8 – Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad, Arab historian (b. 1145)
  • Abu Muhammad Salih al-Majiri, Almohad Sufi leader (b. 1155)
  • Alan of Galloway, Scottish nobleman
  • Canute II ("the Tall"), king of Sweden (House of Folkung)
  • Dalfi d'Alvernha, Count of Clermont and Montferrand, French nobleman, troubador and patron of the arts (b. c. 1150)
  • Helen of Galloway, Scottish noblewoman and heiress
  • Hugh de Neville, English Chief Forester and sheriff
  • Ibn al-Farid, Arab poet, writer and philosopher (b. 1181)
  • Minamoto no Ienaga, Japanese waka poet (b. 1170)
  • Nasir ad-Din Mahmud II, Zengid ruler
  • Pacificus, Italian-born friar and poet
  • Renard II of Dampierre-en-Astenois (or Renaud), French nobleman and knight
  • Rhys Gryg (Rhys ap Rhys), Welsh prince of Deheubarth
  • Robert III, Count of Dreux ("Gasteblé"), French nobleman (b. 1185)
  • Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi, Persian Sufi scholar (b. 1145)
  • William of Andres, French abbot and historian
  • Zhang Yuansu, Chinese physician and writer

References

  1. ↑ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  2. ↑ Beck, Sanderson. "Liao, Xi Xia, and Jin Dynasties 907–1234". China 7 BC to 1279.
  3. ↑ Conrad, David C. (2001). "Reconstructing oral tradition: Souleymane Kanté's approach to writing Mande history". Mande Studies. 3: 147–200. doi:10.2979/mnd.2001.a873349.
  4. ↑ Guiraud, Jean (1913). Saint Dominic. Duckworth. p. 178.
  5. ↑ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 138. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  6. ↑ Krötzl, Christian; Kuuliala, Jenni; Mustakallio, Katariina (March 9, 2016). Infirmity in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Taylor & Francis. p. 108. ISBN 9781317116950.
  7. ↑ Lindgren, Mereth (1995). "Stenarkitekturen" [The stone architecture]. In Karlsson, Lennart (ed.). Signums svenska konsthistoria. Den romanska konsten [Signum's history of Swedish art. Romanesque art] (in Swedish). Lund: Signum. pp. 299–335. ISBN 91-87896-23-0.
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