1397

September 9: Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, uncle of King Richard II and accused conspirator against the King, is assassinated while under house arrest in Calais.
1397 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1397
MCCCXCVII
Ab urbe condita2150
Armenian calendar846
ԹՎ ՊԽԶ
Assyrian calendar6147
Balinese saka calendar1318–1319
Bengali calendar803–804
Berber calendar2347
English Regnal year20 Ric. 2 – 21 Ric. 2
Buddhist calendar1941
Burmese calendar759
Byzantine calendar6905–6906
Chinese calendar丙子年 (Fire Rat)
4094 or 3887
    — to —
丁丑年 (Fire Ox)
4095 or 3888
Coptic calendar1113–1114
Discordian calendar2563
Ethiopian calendar1389–1390
Hebrew calendar5157–5158
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1453–1454
 - Shaka Samvat1318–1319
 - Kali Yuga4497–4498
Holocene calendar11397
Igbo calendar397–398
Iranian calendar775–776
Islamic calendar799–800
Japanese calendarŌei 4
(応永４年)
Javanese calendar1311–1312
Julian calendar1397
MCCCXCVII
Korean calendar3730
Minguo calendar515 before ROC
民前515年
Nanakshahi calendar−71
Thai solar calendar1939–1940
Tibetan calendarམེ་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་
(male Fire-Rat)
1523 or 1142 or 370
    — to —
མེ་མོ་གླང་ལོ་
(female Fire-Ox)
1524 or 1143 or 371

Year 1397 (MCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

  • January 8 – Isabella of Valois, the 7-year-old wife of King Richard II since their marriage on October 31, is formally crowned as Queen consort of England at Westminster Abbey.[1]
  • January 22 – The 23rd Parliament of King Richard II of England assembles after having been summoned on November 30, and re-elects Sir John Bussy as the Speaker of the House of Commons, then meets for three weeks.
  • January –
    • Tran Thuan Tong, the Vietnamese Emperor of Dai Viet since 1388, moves the imperial capital from Thang Long to Thanh Hóa.[2]
    • Mircea I takes back the throne of Wallachia.
  • February 10 – John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset in England.
  • February 12 – The English Parliament adjourns, and King Richard II gives royal assent to several acts passed, including the Act against riding with weapons, and barring the carrying of a lancegay (a light spear) except in wartime. Another law places a penalty on "him who taketh another's horse or best for the King's service without sufficient warrant.[3]
  • March 18 – The Duchy of Milan, led by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, declares war against the Republic of Florence, led by Chancellor Coluccio Salutati, on the Italian peninsula.[4]
  • March 28 – King Charles VI of France and King Richard II of England sign a treaty settling the final issues remaining from the War of the Breton Succession, restoring the land confiscated from John IV, Duke of Brittany.

April–June

July–December

  • July 12 – King Richard II of England orders the arrest of members of a group of powerful barons known as the Lords Appellant, including Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester and Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. Gloucester is murdered while under house arrest on September 9 and Arundel is behaded on September 21.[8]
  • August 28 – As part of a division of the state of Holstein, the northernmost member of the Holy Roman Empire, between Count Albert II and his brother Count Gerhard VI (following the death of their uncle, Nicholas, Gerhard receives the Duchy of Schleswig and nearly all of Rendsburg, while Albert receives HOlstein-Segeberg.[9]
  • September 9 – While under house arrest at Calais, awaiting trial for treason against his nephew, King Richard II of England, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester is assassinated.[10]
  • September 29
    • John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter, by his half-brother King Richard II of England.
    • Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, John's brother, is created Duke of Surrey by King Richard.
    • Ralph Neville, Baron Neville is created as the first Earl of Westmorland.
  • October 13 – Richard Whittington, Lord Mayor of London since June 8 when he was chosen by King Richard II following the June 6 death of the Lord Mayor Adam Bamme, is overwhelmingly approved by London's freemen to serve permanently after Whittington had negotiated a deal to settle its debt to the King for £10,000.[11]
  • October –
    • The Lin Kuan rebellion by the Kam people and Miao people of China in the Huguang province (now parts of the Hubei and Hunan provinces, against the Ming dynasty, ends after less than a year as Lin Kuan and his surviving followers are executed. Historical accounts indicate that more than 21,000 of the Kam civilians were killed during the suppression of the insurrection.[12]
    • Matthew I of Constantinople becomes the new Patriarch to lead the Eastern Orthodox Church to replace the previous Patriarch, Callistus II Xanthopoulos.[7]
  • November 8 – Thomas Arundel, accused of high treason by King Richard II of England, is replaced by Roger Walden as Archbishop of Canterbury.
  • December 31 – The Peace of Breno is signed in Val Camonica to temporarily halt the fighting between the Guelphs (who favor the Republic of Venice) and the Ghibellines (who favor the Duchy of Milan) in the fighting between the two nations.[13]

Date unknown

  • The Ottomans capture the town of Vidin, the capital of the Tsardom of Vidin, the only remaining independent Bulgarian state. Emperor Ivan Sratsimir of Vidin is taken prisoner by early this year and later disappears while his son Constantine II becomes Emperor in his place.
  • Temür Qutlugh is crowned as the Khan of Golden Horde with the help of general Edigu, although Edigu continues to hold the real power.
  • The Università, a form of local government, is established in Malta.
  • The Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery is founded in northwestern Russia.
  • The Sretensky Monastery is founded in Moscow.
  • The first hospital in al-Andalus is created, at Granada.[14]
  • Neuhausergasse 4, the brewer of Spaten, is listed on the register of Munich breweries.
  • Gregory of Tatev writes the Book of Questions, a ten-volume encyclopedic work, at the Tatev Monastery, in Armenia.

Births

Deaths

References

  1. ↑ Williams, Deanne (2016). "Isabelle de France, Child Bride". In Martin, Catherine Gimelli; Melehy, Hassan (eds.). French Connections in the English Renaissance. Routledge. pp. 32–33.
  2. ↑ Ngô, Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư [The Complete History of Dai Viet] (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản (Imperial Cabinet) ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House, pp. 288–291
  3. ↑ Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1972. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-11-840096-1 – via Google Books.
  4. ↑ Brunelli, Giampiero (2017). "Savelli, Paolo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. OCLC 883370..
  5. 1 2 Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). A History of India. Psychology Press. p. 181. ISBN 9780415329200.
  6. ↑ Joan M. Hussey, The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, Oxford University Press (1986), p. 289
  7. 1 2 Erich Trapp, et al.,Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1976) ISBN 3-7001-3003-1
  8. ↑ Seward, Desmond (1982). The Hundred Years War: The English in France, 1337-1453. New York: Atheneum. p. 142. ISBN 0-689-70628-6.
  9. ↑ Detlev Kraack, "Die frühen Schauenburger als Grafen von Holstein und Stormarn (12.-14. Jahrhundert)" ("The early Schauenburg family as Counts of Holstein and Stormarn (12th-14th centuries)", in: E. Imberger, D. Lohmeier and I. Momsen (eds.): Die Fürsten des Landes. Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg ("The princes of the land: Dukes and counts of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg) (Neumünster, 2008) pp.28-51
  10. ↑ "Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), Volume 12, ed. by Hugh Chisholm (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p.130
  11. ↑ Sutton, Anne (2004). "Whittington, Richard (c.1350–1423)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29330. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  12. ↑ D. Norman Geary, The Kam People of China: Turning Nineteen (RoutledgeCurzon, 2003) pp. 9-11 ISBN 9780700715015
  13. ↑ Biblioteca civica Angelo Mai Bergamo, ms. MAB 031 , Gregorio di Valcamonica 1698, p. 409
  14. ↑ "Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts – Hospitals". U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
  15. ↑ "Nicholas V | Vatican Library & Dum Diversas". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  16. ↑ "Chimalpopoca, "Escudo humeante (1417-1426)" [Chimalpopoca, “Smoking Shield" (1417-1426)]. Arqueologia Mexico (in Spanish). July 2, 2016.
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