乙腈性质表

乙腈的一些性质如下所述。

基本信息

  • 中文名:乙jīng
  • 化学式:CH3CN(或写作MeCN)
  • CAS号:75-05-8
  • 英文名:Acetonitrile
  • 外观:无色液体

结构与性质

结构与性质
折射率, nD 1.344 at 20.0°C [1]
阿贝数 ?
介电常数, εr 36.64 ε0 at 20 °C [1]
键偶极矩, 3.84 D
键强度  ?
键长  ?
键角  ?
磁化率  ?
黏度[2] 0.441 mPa·s at 0°C
0.343 mPa·s at 25°C
表面张力[2] 29.29 dyn/cm

热力学性质

相性质
三相点[3] 229.32 K (–43.83 °C), 167 Pa
临界点 545 K (272 °C), 4.87 MPa
标准熔化焓变, ΔfusHo 8.167 kJ/mol (crystal I → liq)
标准熔化熵变, ΔfusSo 35.61 J/(mol·K) (crystal I → liq)
标准汽化焓变, ΔvapHo 33.225 kJ/mol at 25°C
29.75 at 81.6°C (BP)
标准汽化熵变, ΔvapSo 111.44 J/(mol·K) at 25°C
固体性质
标准摩尔生成焓, ΔfHosolid  ? kJ/mol at 25°C
标准摩尔熵,
Sosolid
 ? J/(mol K)
热容量, cp 92.36 J/(mol K)at 298.15 K
标准相变焓变, ΔtrsHo 0.8979 kJ/mol at –56.2°C
(crystal II → crystal I)
标准相变熵变, ΔtrsSo 4.14 J/(mol·K) at –56.2°
(crystal II → crystal I)
液体性质
标准摩尔生成焓, ΔfHoliquid –40.56 kJ/mol
标准摩尔熵,
Soliquid
149.62 J/(mol K)
燃烧热, ΔcHo –1256.33 kJ/mol
热容量, cp 91.7 J/(mol K) at 25°C
气体性质
标准摩尔生成焓, ΔfHogas –74.04 kJ/mol
标准摩尔熵,
Sogas
 ? J/(mol K)
燃烧热, cp  ? J/(mol K)

液体蒸汽压

压力(mmHg)11040100400760
温度(°C)–47.0(s)–16.37.727.062.581.8

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. The "(s)" notation indicates temperature of solid/vapor equilibrium. Otherwise the data is temperature of liquid/vapor equilibrium.

log10 of Acetonitrile vapor pressure. Uses formula obtained from CHERIC[2]

蒸馏数据

Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Water[4]
P = 760 mmHg
沸点(°C) 乙腈摩尔百分数
液相气相
86.52.926.3
81.19.350.5
80.014.255.9
78.625.461.7
77.440.265.5
76.750.766.4
76.652.767.3
76.071.872.8
76.683.978.0
76.885.676.1
80.498.694.5
   
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Methanol[4]
P = 760 mmHg
沸点(°C) 甲醇摩尔百分数
液相气相
79.202.59.5
77.954.013.5
76.775.517.5
75.129.726.5
73.1214.033.0
72.0717.037.5
70.9620.0420
68.8524.745.5
68.3928.950.5
66.0041.559.5
65.3547.062.5
64.7554.565.5
64.3463.071.5
64.0369.074.5
63.8074.578.9
63.7782.582.5
63.7686.086.0
63.8790.088.0
64.0593.091.5
64.1895.093.0
64.4097.095.5
   
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Benzene[4]
P = 760 mmHg
沸点(°C) 苯摩尔百分数
液相气相
80.62.04.8
80.42.76.2
79.05.612.5
78.56.514.7
78.07.716.5
76.017.629.3
74.924.235.5
74.429.939.3
73.837.143.8
73.738.044.9
73.444.048.5
73.251.351.9
73.052.9452.94
73.258.154.5
73.466.560.0
73.871.362.6
74.076.765.7
74.479.068.0
76.392.080.1
   
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetonitrile/Toluene[4]
P = 760 mmHg
沸点(°C) 甲苯摩尔百分数
液相气相
81.53.35.1
81.46.98.1
81.112.1812.18
81.318.215.4
81.422.117.2
81.828.419.5
82.737.523.0
84.453.328.4
85.660.531.5
91.178.541.7
93.484.047.3
95.687.652.6
101.292.966.5
103.695.673.8
106.797.783.6
107.598.285.4

谱图数据

UV-Vis
λmax  ? nm
消光系数, ε  ?
IR
主要吸收峰[5]
(liquid film)
Wave numbertransmittance
3675 cm179%
3544 cm181%
3202 cm177%
3164 cm160%
3003 cm152%
2944 cm152%
2629 cm181%
2410 cm181%
2293 cm144%
2254 cm14%
1445 cm130%
1378 cm125%
1181 cm184%
1040 cm143%
918 cm147%
750 cm170%
NMR
1H NMR  
13C NMR]  
其它核磁共振数据  
MS
Masses of
主要碎片质量
 

化学反应方程式

反应物反应方程式反应条件
作为配体
氧化亚铜六氟磷酸Cu2O + 2 HPF6 + 8 CH3CN → 2 [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 + H2O
氟硼酸亚硝酰Ni + 6 CH3CN + 2 NOBF4 → [Ni(CH3CN)6](BF4)2 + 2 NO

化学品安全技术说明书

参考文献

  1. . [22 May 2014]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-19).
  2. (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. [15 May 2007]. (原始内容存档于2007-06-03).
  3. Vapor Pressures of Acetonitrile Determined by Comparative Ebulliometry, Michael B. Ewing* and Jesus C. Sanchez Ochoa, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2004 49 (3), 486-491
  4. . Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. [15 May 2007]. (原始内容 (Queriable database)存档于2007-08-29).
  5. . Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. [7 June 2007]. (原始内容 (Queriable database)存档于2006-05-05).
  • . [15 May 2007]. (原始内容存档于2007-05-23).

不指明时,均指标准状态。其余信息参见Wikipedia:化学信息框。

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