二氧化钼

二氧化钼
	IUPAC名; Molybdenum(IV) oxide
别名	氧化钼(IV)
识别
CAS号	18868-43-4
PubChem	29320
SMILES	O=[Mo]=O;
性质
化学式	MoO2
	127.94 g·mol⁻¹
外观	棕紫色固体
密度	6.47 g/cm3
熔点	1,100 °C（1,370 K）（分解）
溶解性（水）	难溶于水、碱、盐酸、氢氟酸
溶解性	微溶于热硫酸
磁化率	+41.0·10−6 cm3/mol
结构
晶体结构	扭曲的金红石结构（四方晶系）
配位几何	八面体形（MoIV）; 三角形（O−II）
危险性
闪点	不可燃
相关物质
其他阴离子	二硫化钼
其他阳离子	二氧化铬; 二氧化钨
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

二氧化钼是+4价钼的氧化物，化学式为MoO₂。它是紫色的金属导体。

它在自然界以罕见的秋格瑞诺夫矿的形式存在。

制备

二氧化钼可以由下述方法制备：

钼在800°C还原三氧化钼：

2 MoO₃ + Mo → 3 MoO₂

氢气或氨在470°C下还原三氧化钼。[1]

单晶可通过碘参与的化学转移反应制备。碘和MoO₂可逆地结合，产生挥发性的MoO₂I₂来使转移进行。[2]

氧化钼是“工业氧化钼”的成分之一，它在MoS₂的冶炼中产生：[3][4]

2 MoS₂ + 7O₂ → 2MoO₃ + 4SO₂

MoS₂ + 6MoO₃ → 7MoO₂ + 2SO₂

2 MoO₂ + O₂ → 2MoO₃

用途

MoO₂可用作醇类的脱氢的催化剂[5]，也可用作碳氢化合物[6]或生物柴油[7]的重整催化剂。通过还原在石墨上沉积的二氧化钼，可以制得钼纳米线。[8]氧化钼也有潜力用作锂离子电池的阳极材料。[9][10]

参考文献

Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred, 6th, New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1999, ISBN 0-471-19957-5
Conroy, L. E.; Ben-Dor, L. "Molybdenum(IV) Oxide and Tungsten(IV) Oxides Single-Crystals" Inorganic Syntheses 1995, volume 30, pp. 105–107. ISBN 0-471-30508-1
Metallurgical furnaces Jorg Grzella, Peter Sturm, Joachim Kruger, Markus A. Reuter, Carina Kogler, Thomas Probst, Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
"Thermal Analysis and Kinetics of Oxidation of Molybdenum Sulfides" Y. Shigegaki, S.K. Basu, M.Wakihara and M. Taniguchi, J. Therm. Analysis 34 (1988), 1427-1440
A. A. Balandin and I. D. Rozhdestvenskaya, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 8, 11, (1959), 1573 doi:10.1007/BF00914749
Molybdenum based catalysts. I. MoO₂ as the active species in the reforming of hydrocarbons A. Katrib, P. Leflaive, L. Hilaire and G. Maire Catalysis Letters, 38, 1–2, (1996) doi:10.1007/BF00806906
Catalytic partial oxidation of a biodiesel surrogate over molybdenum dioxide, C.M. Cuba-Torres, et al, Fuel (2015), doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.003
Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanowires with Millimeter-Scale Lengths Using Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration M. P. Zach, K. Inazu, K. H. Ng, J. C. Hemminger, and R. M. Penner Chem. Mater. (2002),14, 3206 doi:10.1021/cm020249a
Shi, Yifeng; Guo, Bingkun; Corr, Serena A.; Shi, Qihui; Hu, Yong-Sheng; Heier, Kevin R.; Chen, Liquan; Seshadri, Ram; Stucky, Galen D. . Nano Letters. 2009-12-09, 9 (12): 4215–4220. ISSN 1530-6984. doi:10.1021/nl902423a.
Kim, Hyung-Seok; Cook, John B.; Tolbert, Sarah H.; Dunn, Bruce. . Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2015-01-01, 162 (5): A5083–A5090 [2018-02-10]. ISSN 0013-4651. doi:10.1149/2.0141505jes. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（英语）.

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[1] Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred, 6th, New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1999, ISBN 0-471-19957-5

[2] Conroy, L. E.; Ben-Dor, L. "Molybdenum(IV) Oxide and Tungsten(IV) Oxides Single-Crystals" Inorganic Syntheses 1995, volume 30, pp. 105–107. ISBN 0-471-30508-1

[3] Metallurgical furnaces Jorg Grzella, Peter Sturm, Joachim Kruger, Markus A. Reuter, Carina Kogler, Thomas Probst, Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

[4] "Thermal Analysis and Kinetics of Oxidation of Molybdenum Sulfides" Y. Shigegaki, S.K. Basu, M.Wakihara and M. Taniguchi, J. Therm. Analysis 34 (1988), 1427-1440

[5] A. A. Balandin and I. D. Rozhdestvenskaya, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 8, 11, (1959), 1573 doi:10.1007/BF00914749

[6] Molybdenum based catalysts. I. MoO₂ as the active species in the reforming of hydrocarbons A. Katrib, P. Leflaive, L. Hilaire and G. Maire Catalysis Letters, 38, 1–2, (1996) doi:10.1007/BF00806906

[7] Catalytic partial oxidation of a biodiesel surrogate over molybdenum dioxide, C.M. Cuba-Torres, et al, Fuel (2015), doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.003

[8] Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanowires with Millimeter-Scale Lengths Using Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration M. P. Zach, K. Inazu, K. H. Ng, J. C. Hemminger, and R. M. Penner Chem. Mater. (2002),14, 3206 doi:10.1021/cm020249a

[9] Shi, Yifeng; Guo, Bingkun; Corr, Serena A.; Shi, Qihui; Hu, Yong-Sheng; Heier, Kevin R.; Chen, Liquan; Seshadri, Ram; Stucky, Galen D. . Nano Letters. 2009-12-09, 9 (12): 4215–4220. ISSN 1530-6984. doi:10.1021/nl902423a.

[10] Kim, Hyung-Seok; Cook, John B.; Tolbert, Sarah H.; Dunn, Bruce. . Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2015-01-01, 162 (5): A5083–A5090 [2018-02-10]. ISSN 0013-4651. doi:10.1149/2.0141505jes. （原始内容存档于2018-06-04）（英语）.