元音變換
元音变化（英语 ablaut, vowel gradation, vowel mutation）是一种相当普遍的语言现象，常被用来进行屈折变化或用于衍生新词。英语中元音变换的例子如某些动词的词形变化：drive/drove/driven等。
| 語音變化和语音交替 |
|---|
| 輔音強化 |
| 語音異化 |
英语中 Apophony 指的是所有具有语法作用的语音交替，而不仅仅是元音变化，还有辅音变化、音韵变化（Prosodic apophony，参见Suprafix）、鼻音变化等等。
參考文獻
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- Haspelmath, Martin. (2002). Understanding morphology. London: Arnold.
- Kula, Nancy C. (2000). The phonology/morphology interface: Consonant mutations in Bemba. In H. de Hoop & T. van der Wouden (Eds.), Linguistics in the Netherlands 2000 (pp. 171–183). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Nguyễn, Đình-Hoà. (1997). Vietnamese: Tiếng Việt không son phấn. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 1-55619-733-0.
- Sapir, Edward. (1921). Language: An introduction to the study of speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co.
- Spencer, Andrew; & Zwicky, Arnold M. (Eds.). (1998). The handbook of morphology. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Young, Robert W., & Morgan, William, Sr. (1987). The Navajo language: A grammar and colloquial dictionary (rev. ed.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-1014-1.
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