唑吡坦
唑吡坦(英語:)是一種Z-drugs安眠藥,約在口服三十分鐘之內起效,藥效維持兩至三小時。市場上常見的藥名包括、Adormix、Ambien、Ambien CR、Edluar、Damixan、Ivedal、Nytamel、Stilnoct、Stilnox、Sucedal、Zoldem、Zolnod及Zolpihexal等[1][2][3][4],中國大陸商品名為思諾思(英語:),台灣則有佐沛眠(英語:)、使蒂諾斯等名稱。
臨床資料 | |
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懷孕分級 |
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给药途径 | Oral |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 | |
藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | 70% (oral) 92% bound in plasma |
药物代谢 | 肝脏:CYP3A4(~60%)、CYP2C9(~20%)、CYP1A2(~14%)、CYP2D6(<3%)、CYP2C19(<3%) |
生物半衰期 | 2.5至3小时 |
排泄途徑 | 56% 经尿液,34% 经粪便 |
识别 | |
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CAS号 | 82626-48-0 |
PubChem CID | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.115.604 |
化学 | |
化学式 | C19H21N3O |
摩尔质量 | 307.40 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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药理学
唑吡坦是GABAA受体的正别构调节剂,它选择性结合GABAA受体的α1亚基,因此它具有较强的催眠和较弱的抗焦虑、肌肉松弛和抗惊厥特性。[5]与地西泮不同,唑吡坦可以与αβGABAA受体结合,它被证明与α1-α1界面结合。[6]唑吡坦对α2-和α3-亚基的亲和力比对α1低10倍,且对含α5亚基的受体没有表现出明显的亲和力。[7][8]含α1亚基的苯二氮卓位点(旧称ω1)主要存在于大脑中,而含α2亚基的苯二氮卓位点(旧称ω2)主要存在于脊柱中,因此唑吡坦更易于与位于大脑而不是脊柱中的GABAA受体结合。[9]唑吡坦对含有γ1和γ3亚基的受体没有亲和力,并且像绝大多数苯二氮卓类药物一样,它也对含有α4和α6亚基的受体缺乏亲和力。[10]唑吡坦或许是通过诱导受体构象来调节受体,它诱导的构象能够通过正调节位点调节激动剂γ-氨基丁酸与其同源受体的结合强度,而不影响脱敏或峰值电流。[11]
与扎来普隆类似, 唑吡坦可能增加慢波睡眠,但对第二睡眠期没有影响。[12]一项比较苯二氮卓类药物与非苯二氮卓类药物的文献综述显示,唑吡坦和苯二氮卓类药物在入睡潜伏期、总睡眠持续时间、觉醒次数、睡眠质量、不良事件、耐受性、失眠反弹和日间警觉性方面几乎没有显著的差异。[13]
参考资料
- Ambien.com. . Information About a Short-term Treatment for Insomnia - Ambien.com Home Page for Health-care Professionals. Sanofi-Synthelabo Inc. New York, NY 10016. 2004 [2005-06-27]. (原始内容存档于2005-06-27).
- STILNOX (zolpidem tartrate) PRODUCT INFORMATION (页面存档备份,存于) Sanofi-Synthelabo Australia Pty Limited. April 15, 2004
- . 2006-11-07 [2006-11-22]. (原始内容存档于2007-09-27).
- . (原始内容存档于2008-12-08).
- Salvà P, Costa J. . Clinical Pharmacokinetics. September 1995, 29 (3): 142–153. PMID 8521677. S2CID 23391285. doi:10.2165/00003088-199529030-00002.
- Che Has AT, Absalom N, van Nieuwenhuijzen PS, Clarkson AN, Ahring PK, Chebib M. . Scientific Reports. June 2016, 6: 28674. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628674C. PMC 4921915 . PMID 27346730. doi:10.1038/srep28674.
- Pritchett DB, Seeburg PH. . Journal of Neurochemistry. May 1990, 54 (5): 1802–4. PMID 2157817. S2CID 86674799. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01237.x.
- Smith AJ, Alder L, Silk J, Adkins C, Fletcher AE, Scales T, Kerby J, Marshall G, Wafford KA, McKernan RM, Atack JR. . Molecular Pharmacology. May 2001, 59 (5): 1108–18. PMID 11306694. S2CID 86156878. doi:10.1124/mol.59.5.1108.
- Rowlett JK, Woolverton WL. . Psychopharmacology. November 1996, 128 (1): 1–16. PMID 8944400. S2CID 25654504. doi:10.1007/s002130050103. (原始内容存档于12 January 2002).
- Wafford KA, Thompson SA, Thomas D, Sikela J, Wilcox AS, Whiting PJ. . Molecular Pharmacology. September 1996, 50 (3): 670–8 [7 October 2007]. PMID 8794909. (原始内容存档于8 January 2009).
- Perrais D, Ropert N. . The Journal of Neuroscience. January 1999, 19 (2): 578–88. PMC 6782193 . PMID 9880578. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-02-00578.1999.
- Noguchi H, Kitazumi K, Mori M, Shiba T. . Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. March 2004, 94 (3): 246–51. PMID 15037809. doi:10.1254/jphs.94.246 .
WARNING: The reference indicates that zaleplon-Sonata, not zolpidem, increases Slow-wave sleep
- Dündar Y, Dodd S, Strobl J, Boland A, Dickson R, Walley T. . Human Psychopharmacology. July 2004, 19 (5): 305–22. PMID 15252823. S2CID 10888200. doi:10.1002/hup.594.
- Von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Granda BW, Duan SX, Grassi JM, Venkatakrishnan K, et al. . British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. July 1999, 48 (1): 89–97. PMC 2014868 . PMID 10383565. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00953.x.
- . The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 27 April 2023 [10 March 2024].
外部連結
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:唑吡坦 |
- . Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2020-10-22]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-27).
- Man who couldn't talk or move for 8 years 'wakes up' 20 minutes after docs gave him sleeping drug(页面存档备份,存于)
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