扁蟾属

扁蟾属学名:),俗称中美洲蟾蜍,是蟾蜍科[2],分布于美国南部、墨西哥中美洲地区和南美洲北部(哥伦比亚厄瓜多尔)。扁蟾属是生态和生物地理多样化的蟾蜍群,包括一些微小的特有種,如只分布于云雾森林Incilius spiculatus,以及Incilius valliceps等分布于干扰生境的低地物种[3]

扁蟾属
常绿蟾蜍是扁蟾属的模式种
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 两栖纲 Amphibia
目: 无尾目 Anura
科: 蟾蜍科 Bufonidae
属: 扁蟾属 Incilius
Cope, 1863
模式種
常绿蟾蜍
Cope, 1862
異名[1]

Cranopsis Cope, 1875 "1876" Cranopsis Adams, 1860 (Mollusca)和Cranopsis Dall, 1871(腕足动物)的谐音
Ollotis Cope, 1875 "1876"
Crepidius Cope, 1875 "1876" Crepidius Candeze, 1859 (Coleoptera)的谐音)
Crepidophryne Cope, 1889 Crepidius的异名)
Cranophryne Cope, 1889 Cranopsis的异名)

分类学和系统学

扁蟾属的分类学和系统学最近发生了很多变化。2011年,CranopsisOllotisCrepidiusCrepidophryne成为扁蟾属的異名。但是,扁蟾属是单系群的观点受到了Incilius bocourti的威胁,因为Incilius bocourti可能是Anaxyrus姐妹群[1]

另一个讨论是识别该属的分类学水平。在2006年达尔·弗罗斯特及其同事大规模修订两栖动物系统学之前,扁蟾属并没有得到广泛的认可[4],而是以Cranopsis的名义存在,包括前“垣头蟾组”及其相关物种。但是,另外一些学者认为扁蟾属应该被看做蟾蜍屬亞屬[5]

物种

扁蟾属目前共有39个物种[1]

  • 科羅拉多河蟾蜍(Incilius alvarius) (Girard, 1859)
  • Incilius aucoinae (O'Neill and Mendelson, 2004)
  • Incilius aurarius Mendelson, Mulcahy, Snell, Acevedo, and Campbell, 2012
  • Incilius bocourti (Brocchi, 1877)
  • Incilius campbelli (Mendelson, 1994)
  • Incilius canaliferus (Cope, 1877)
  • Incilius cavifrons (Firschein, 1950)
  • Incilius chompipe (Vaughan and Mendelson, 2007)
  • Incilius coccifer (Cope, 1866)
  • 常绿蟾蜍(Incilius coniferus(Cope, 1862)
  • Incilius cristatus (Wiegmann, 1833)
  • Incilius cycladen (Lynch and Smith, 1966)
  • Incilius epioticus (Cope, 1875)
  • Incilius fastidiosus (Cope, 1875)
  • Incilius gemmifer (Taylor, 1940)
  • Incilius guanacaste (Vaughan and Mendelson, 2007)
  • Incilius holdridgei (Taylor, 1952)
  • Incilius ibarrai (Stuart, 1954)
  • Incilius karenlipsae Mendelson and Mulcahy, 2010
  • Incilius leucomyos (McCranie and Wilson, 2000)
  • Incilius luetkenii (Boulenger, 1891)
  • Incilius macrocristatus (Firschein and Smith, 1957)
  • Incilius majordomus Savage, Ugarte, and Donnelly, 2013
  • Incilius marmoreus (Wiegmann, 1833)
  • Incilius mazatlanensis (Taylor, 1940)
  • Incilius mccoyi Santos-Barrera and Flores-Villela, 2011
  • Incilius melanochlorus (Cope, 1877)
  • Incilius nebulifer (Girard, 1854)
  • Incilius occidentalis (Camerano, 1879)
  • 金蟾蜍Incilius periglenes(Savage, 1967)
  • Incilius peripatetes (Savage, 1972)
  • Incilius perplexus (Taylor, 1943)
  • Incilius pisinnus (Mendelson, Williams, Sheil, and Mulcahy, 2005)
  • Incilius porteri (Mendelson, Williams, Sheil, and Mulcahy, 2005)
  • Incilius signifer (Mendelson, Williams, Sheil, and Mulcahy, 2005)
  • Incilius spiculatus (Mendelson, 1997)
  • Incilius tacanensis (Smith, 1952)
  • Incilius tutelarius (Mendelson, 1997)
  • Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833)

AmphibiaWeb认可Incilius intermedius (Günther, 1858)是有效物种,而Amphibian Species of the World认为Incilius intermediusIncilius occidentalis (Camerano, 1879)異名[6][1]

参考资料

  1. Frost, Darrel R. . Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. 2017 [2017-07-04]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-06).
  2. Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. 4th. Academic Press. 2014: 490.
  3. Mendelson, J. R. III; D. G. Mulcahy; T. S. Williams; J. W. Sites, Jr. (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 3138: 1–34 [2017-07-14]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04).
  4. Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M. . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2006, 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2.
  5. Pauly, Greg B.; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C. (PDF). Herpetologica. 2009, 65 (2): 115–128. doi:10.1655/08-031R1.1. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-26).
  6. . AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2017 [2017-07-04]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-29).
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