氟的同位素
氟(原子量:18.9984032(5))共有18個已知同位素,質量數介於13-31之間,其中只有1個是穩定的,其他都具有放射性,因此氟屬於單一同位素元素。天然存在的氟同位素只有穩定的19F,而放射性同位素18F是一個很好的正电子源。
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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圖表
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期 | 衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物[n 1] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度的變化量 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
13F[3] | 9 | 4 | p | 12O | [n 2] | ||||
14F | 9 | 5 | 14.03432(4) | 500(60)×10−24 s [910 keV] |
p | 13O | 2− | ||
15F | 9 | 6 | 15.01801(14) | 410(60)×10−22 s [1.0(2) MeV] |
p | 14O | (1/2+) | ||
16F | 9 | 7 | 16.011466(9) | 11(6)×10−21 s [40(20) keV] |
p | 15O | 0− | ||
17F | 9 | 8 | 17.00209524(27) | 64.49(16) s | β+ | 17O | 5/2+ | ||
18F[n 3] | 9 | 9 | 18.0009380(6) | 109.771(20) min | β+ | 18O | 1+ | ||
18mF | 1121.36(15) keV | 162(7) ns | IS | 18F | 5+ | ||||
19 F |
9 | 10 | 18.99840322(7) | 稳定 | 1/2+ | 1.0000 | |||
20F | 9 | 11 | 19.99998132(8) | 11.163(8) s | β− | 20Ne | 2+ | ||
21F | 9 | 12 | 20.9999490(19) | 4.158(20) s | β− | 21Ne | 5/2+ | ||
22F | 9 | 13 | 22.002999(13) | 4.23(4) s | β− (89.0%) | 22Ne | 4+,(3+) | ||
β−, n (11.0%) | 21Ne | ||||||||
23F | 9 | 14 | 23.00357(9) | 2.23(14) s | β− (86.0%) | 23Ne | 5/2+ | ||
β−, n (14.0%) | 22Ne | ||||||||
24F | 9 | 15 | 24.00812(8) | 400(50) ms | β− (94.1%) | 24Ne | (1,2,3)+ | ||
β−, n (5.9%) | 23Ne | ||||||||
25F | 9 | 16 | 25.01210(11) | 50(6) ms | β− (76.0%) | 25Ne | (5/2+)# | ||
β−, n (24.0%) | 24Ne | ||||||||
26F | 9 | 17 | 26.01962(18) | 9.6(8) ms | β− (68.0%) | 26Ne | 1+ | ||
β−, n (32.0%) | 25Ne | ||||||||
27F | 9 | 18 | 27.02676(40) | 4.9(2) ms | β− | 27Ne | 5/2+# | ||
28F | 9 | 19 | 28.03567(55)# | <40 ns | n | 27F | |||
29F | 9 | 20 | 29.04326(62)# | 2.6(3) ms | β− | 29Ne | 5/2+# | ||
30F | 9 | 21 | 30.05250(64)# | <260 ns | |||||
31F | 9 | 22 | 31.06043(64)# | 1# ms [>260 ns] | 5/2+# |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
氟-18
在氟的所有放射性同位素中,18F有著最长的半衰期,為109.739分钟。它有两种衰变模式,其中較常见的模式是正电子发射。因为这个原因,18F是醫療中正电子的主要来源。它最重要的用途就是放疗,一般以氟代脱氧葡萄糖的形式使用,是正电子发射计算机断层扫描的药物。
和所有以正电子发射为衰变形式的核素一样, 18F也可以以电子捕获的方法衰变。不管是哪一种衰变方式,18F都会衰变成18O。有96.86%的氟-18原子会以正电子发射的方式衰变,剩下的3.14%则是电子捕获。[4]
氟-18是质子数和中子数一样,并且是奇数的不稳定核素里最轻的,各有9个。[5]
參考文獻
- Meija, Juris; et al. . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- . nucleonica. [2015-09-09]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Charity, R. J. . Physical Review Letters. 2 April 2021, 126 (13): 2501 [5 April 2021]. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.132501. (原始内容存档于2022-05-13).
- (页面存档备份,存于) F-18 branching ratio for positron emission vs. EC
- National Nuclear Data Center. . Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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