水仙花数
在数论中,水仙花数(Narcissistic number)[1][2],也被稱為超完全数字不变数(pluperfect digital invariant, PPDI)[3]、自戀數、自幂數、阿姆斯壯數或阿姆斯特朗數(Armstrong number)[4] ,用来描述一个N位非负整数,其各位数字的N次方和等于该数本身。
水仙花数的定义
设有自然数n,d为该自然数各位数字,即 n = dkdk-1...d1 ,则有:
- n = dk·10k-1 + dk-1·10k-2 + ... + d2·10 + d1,
如果该自然数n满足条件:
- n = dkk + dk-1k + ... + d2k + d1k.
则这个自然数就被称为超完全数字不变数。 例如153、370、371及407就是三位超完全数字不变数,其各个数之立方和等于该数:
- 153 = 13 + 53 + 33。
- 370 = 33 + 73 + 03。
- 371 = 33 + 73 + 13。
- 407 = 43 + 03 + 73。
若將條件放寬,一個N位数,其各个数之M次方和等于该数,M和N不一定相等,這樣的數稱為完全數字不變數(perfect digital invariant)[5][2],例如數字4150等於各位數字的5次方。
- 4150 = 45 + 15 + 55 + 05,
水仙花数一定是完全數字不變數,但完全數字不變數不一定是水仙花数。 严格意义来说水仙花数指三位数。
部分水仙花数
十進制下的水仙花数
十进制的水仙花數共有89個,最大的是
- 115,132,219,018,763,992,565,095,597,973,971,522,401
共有39位數。[6]
完整的十进制水仙花数列表如下:(OEIS數列A005188)
- 0
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 153
- 370
- 371
- 407
- 1634
- 8208
- 9474
- 54748
- 92727
- 93084
- 548834
- 1741725
- 4210818
- 9800817
- 9926315
- 24678050
- 24678051
- 88593477
- 146511208
- 472335975
- 534494836
- 912985153
- 4679307774
- 32164049650
- 32164049651
- 40028394225
- 42678290603
- 44708635679
- 49388550606
- 82693916578
- 94204591914
- 28116440335967
- 4338281769391370
- 4338281769391371
- 21897142587612075
- 35641594208964132
- 35875699062250035
- 1517841543307505039
- 3289582984443187032
- 4498128791164624869
- 4929273885928088826
- 63105425988599693916
- 128468643043731391252
- 449177399146038697307
- 21887696841122916288858
- 27879694893054074471405
- 27907865009977052567814
- 28361281321319229463398
- 35452590104031691935943
- 174088005938065293023722
- 188451485447897896036875
- 239313664430041569350093
- 1550475334214501539088894
- 1553242162893771850669378
- 3706907995955475988644380
- 3706907995955475988644381
- 4422095118095899619457938
- 121204998563613372405438066
- 121270696006801314328439376
- 128851796696487777842012787
- 174650464499531377631639254
- 177265453171792792366489765
- 14607640612971980372614873089
- 19008174136254279995012734740
- 19008174136254279995012734741
- 23866716435523975980390369295
- 1145037275765491025924292050346
- 1927890457142960697580636236639
- 2309092682616190307509695338915
- 17333509997782249308725103962772
- 186709961001538790100634132976990
- 186709961001538790100634132976991
- 1122763285329372541592822900204593
- 12639369517103790328947807201478392
- 12679937780272278566303885594196922
- 1219167219625434121569735803609966019
- 12815792078366059955099770545296129367
- 115132219018763992565095597973971522400
- 115132219018763992565095597973971522401
参考资料
- Weisstein, Eric W. (编). . at MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Wolfram Research, Inc. (英语).
- Perfect and PluPerfect Digital Invariants 的存檔,存档日期2007-10-10. by Scott Moore
- PPDI (Armstrong) Numbers by Harvey Heinz
- Armstrong Numbersl by Dik T. Winter
- PDIs by Harvey Heinz
- Weisstein, Eric W. (编). . at MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Wolfram Research, Inc. [2019-06-10]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-20) (英语).
- Rose, Colin (2005), Radical narcissistic numbers, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, 33(4), 2004-2005, pages 250-254.
- Perfect Digital Invariants by Walter Schneider
- On a curious property of 3435 (页面存档备份,存于) by Daan van Berkel
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