泥炭蘚屬

泥炭藓屬（学名：Sphagnum）旧称水藓屬，是泥炭藓科唯一的现存属，一般呈黄白色或灰白色，常有各种锈斑。

泥炭藓属
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
门： 藓类植物门 Bryophyta
纲： 泥炭藓纲 Sphagnopsida
目： 泥炭藓目 Sphagnales
科： 泥炭藓科 Sphagnaceae
属： 泥炭藓属 Sphagnum
L.
组
  • 尖叶组 S. sect. Acutifolia
  • 狭叶组 S. sect. Cuspidata
  • S. sect. Sphagnum
  • S. sect. Subsecunda
異名
  • Isocladus Lindb.
  • Sphagnopsis Trevis.

泥炭藓屬的茎没有假根，并在沼泽中紧密丛生，下部逐渐死亡，上部继续生长；“叶”有大型无色的细胞，有极强的吸水力，所以能在沼泽地上大片的丛生，遗体逐年的堆积成泥炭，并使沼泽地、湖泊逐渐淤积成陆地。泥炭苔是酸性泥炭沼澤的主要優勢物種，對碳固定有重要貢獻。

經曬乾後的泥炭藓是園藝常見的優秀介質，保水性佳又透氣，常常代替土壤成為讓盆景植物生長的介質。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

  • 拟尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum acutifolioides Warnst
  • 小叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum angustifolium
  • 截叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum angstroemii
  • 喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum apiculatum Lindb，多生于云、冷杉林下和落叶松甸子中。
  • 粗叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum aquarrosum Crome.，生于林下积水地，云、冷杉林下和塔头中。是东北各林区常见种，常见孢蕨。
  • 瓢叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum beccarii
  • Sphagnum cavernulosum Flatberg & Whinam, 2011[1]
  • 中华泥炭藓 Sphagnum chinense
  • 密叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum compactum
  • Sphagnum complanatum Flatberg & Whinam[1]
  • 扭枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum contortum Schultzm, 1819
  • 拟狭叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum cuspidatulum
  • 狭叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh.
  • 大泥炭藓 Sphagnum cymbifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., 1782，为Sphagnum palustre L.的异名
  • 细齿泥炭藓 Sphagnum denticulatum Bridel, 1826
  • Sphagnum divinum [2]
  • 长叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum falcatulum Sphagnum falcatulum Bescherelle, 1885
  • 锈色泥炭藓 Sphagnum fuscum Klinggräff, 1872
  • 白齿泥炭藓 Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ.，生于塔头甸子或高位沼泽，常形成大片藓丛。东北各林区分布普遍。
  • 毛壁泥炭藓 Sphagnum imbricatum Hornschuch ex Russow, 1865
  • Sphagnum incundum Flatberg & Hassel[3]
  • Sphagnum intermedium Hoffm., 1796，为Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.的异名
  • 泛地泥炭藓 Sphagnum inundatum Russow, 1894
  • Sphagnum islei Warnst.[1]
  • Sphagnum isoviitae Flatberg, 1992[4]，为Sphagnum fallax var. isoviitae (Flatberg) Lönnell & K.Hassel的异名
  • 日本泥炭藓 Sphagnum japonicum Warnst.，为Sphagnum palustre L.的异名
  • 垂枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum jensenii H.Lindb., 1899
  • 暖地泥炭藓 Sphagnum junghuhnianum
  • 加萨泥炭藓 Sphagnum khasianum
  • 利尼泥炭藓 Sphagnum lenense
  • 吕宋泥炭藓 Sphagnum luzonense
  • Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798[2]
  • Sphagnum medium Limpr., 1881[2]
  • 中位泥炭藓 Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., 1798
  • 中位泥炭藓 Sphagnum magellanicu Brid., 1798，生于沼泽地或塔头甸子中，有时亦见于落叶松甸子中。
  • 小孔泥炭藓 Sphagnum microporum Warnst. ex Cardot, 1904
  • 多纹泥炭藓 Sphagnum multifibrosum
  • 尖叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum nemoreum
  • 秃叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum obtusiusculum
  • 舌叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum obtusum
  • 稀孔泥炭藓 Sphagnum oligoporum
  • 卵叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum ovatum
  • 泥炭藓 Sphagnum palustre
  • 疣泥炭藓 Sphagnum papillosum
  • 拟宽叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum platyphylloides
  • 羽枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum plumulosum
  • 异叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum portoricense
  • 刺叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum pungifolium
  • Sphagnum quarrosum
  • 五列泥炭藓 Sphagnum quinquefarium
  • 喙叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum recurvum
  • 岸生泥炭藓 Sphagnum riparium
  • 广舌泥炭藓 Sphagnum robustum (Warnst.) Röll，为 Sphagnum russowii Warnst.的异名
  • 红叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum rubellum Wilson, 1855
  • 广舌泥炭藓 Sphagnum russowii
  • 丝光泥炭藓 Sphagnum sericeum C.Muell., 1847
  • Sphagnum skyense Flatberg, 1988[5]
  • 粗叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum squarrosum
  • Sphagnum subsecumdum
  • 偏叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum subsecundum
  • 柔叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum tenellum
  • 细叶泥炭藓 Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr.，生于塔头沼泽或林下低洼积水地。
  • 阔边泥炭藓 Sphagnum warnstorfianum
  • 多枝泥炭藓 Sphagnum wulfianum

参考文献
  1. I Flatberg, Jennie Whinam & Marc Lebouvier (2011) Three species of Sphagnum endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: S. cavernulosum sp. nov., S. complanatum sp. nov. and S. islei, Journal of Bryology, 33:2, 105-121, DOI: 10.1179/1743282010Y.0000000019
  2. Kristian Hassel, Magni O. Kyrkjeeide, Narjes Yousefi, Tommy Prestø, Hans K. Stenøien, Jonathan A. Shaw & Kjell Ivar Flatberg (2018) Sphagnum divinum (sp. nov.) and S. medium Limpr. and their relationship to S. magellanicum Brid., Journal of Bryology, 40:3, 197-222, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2018.1474424
  3. Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Kristian Hassel, Blanca Shaw, A. Jonathan Shaw, Eva M. Temsch and Kjell Ivar Flatberg. 2018. Sphagnum incundum A New Species in Sphagnum subg. Acutifolia (Sphagnaceae) from Boreal and Arctic Regions of North America. Phytotaxa. 333(1); 1–21. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.333.1.1
  4. K. I. Flatberg (1992) The European taxa in the Sphagnum recurvum complex. 1. Sphagnum isoviitae sp. nov. , Journal of Bryology, 17:1, 1-13, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1992.17.1.1
  5. Kjell I. Flatberg (1988) Sphagnum skyense sp. nov, Journal of Bryology, 15:1, 101-107, DOI: 10.1179/jbr.1988.15.1.101
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