甲烯𬭩离子

在有机化学中，甲烯鎓離子（又稱质子化亚甲基）是一种阳离子，化学式为CH+
3。它可以视作一个亚甲基自由基（:CH
2）加上一个质子（H+
），或一个甲基自由基（•CH
3）去除一个电子。它是碳正离子和烯𬭩离子，是最简单的烯𬭩离子。[2]

结构

实验和计算普遍表示，甲烯鎓離子具有平面结构和三重对称性。[2]离子的碳原子是sp²杂化的原型（和精确）示例。

对于低压的质谱研究，甲烯鎓離子可以通过甲基自由基的紫外线光电离，[2]或将中性甲烷与单原子阳离子（如C+
和Kr+
）碰撞制备。[3]在这种条件下，它会与乙腈CH
3CN反应，形成离子(CH
3)
2CN+
。[4]

捕获低能电子后（小于6981160217648700000♠1 eV），它会自发地解离。[5]

它很少在凝聚相下以中间体的形式出现。它被提议为一种反应性中间体，在甲烷与FSO₃H-SbF₅进行质子化或氢化物提取时形成。甲鎓离子非常活泼，对烷烃也是如此。[6]

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. . The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014: 1089. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069.
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E.M. Bahati, M. Fogle, C.R. Vane, M.E. Bannister, R.D. Thomas and V. Zhaunerchyk (2009), "Electron-impact dissociation of CD+
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