盤安

盤安（英文：Paan 來自 梵语 parṇa 意思是 「葉子」[1]) 是一種結合蒌叶和檳榔的製備，該製備有時候也會加入菸草。 [2][3]

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癌症風險
咀嚼盤安的健康風險：牙齦壞死、蛀牙 和 口腔癌
Health effects: Tobacco-filled paan induces profuse salivation that stains mouth area.

国际癌症研究机构和世界卫生组织都已確認此物質對人體致癌，增加約十倍的口腔癌風險。 [4][5][6][7] [8][4]

參考文獻
  1. . [2017-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-03）.
  2. Mack, TM. . The Lancet. 2001, 357 (9269): 1638–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04860-1.
  3. The World Health Organization IARC Expert Group. (PDF). IARCPress. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-18）.
  4. IARC Working Group. (PDF). The World Health Organization. [2017-12-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-03-29）.
  5. (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2008 [2017-12-02]. ISBN 978-92-4-159628-2. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-01-24）.
  6. Warnakulasuriya, S.; Trivedy, C; Peters, TJ. . BMJ. 2002, 324 (7341): 799–800. PMC 1122751 可免费查阅. PMID 11934759. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7341.799.
  7. Dave, Bhavana J.; Trivedi, Amit H.; Adhvatyu, Siddharth G. . Cancer. 1992, 70 (5): 1017–23. PMID 1515978. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19920901)70:5<1017::AID-CNCR2820700502>3.0.CO;2-#.
  8. Merchant, Anwar; Husain, Syed S. M.; Hosain, Mervyn; Fikree, Fariyal F.; Pitiphat, Waranuch; Siddiqui, Amna Rehana; Hayder, Syed J.; Haider, Syed M.; Ikram, Mubashir; Chuang, Sung-Kiang; Saeed, Shaikh A. . International Journal of Cancer. 2000, 86 (1): 128–31. PMID 10728606. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(20000401)86:1<128::AID-IJC20>3.0.CO;2-M.
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