黏液素

黏液素英語:,或简称黏素)是一类高分子量蛋白家族,且高度醣基化(属于糖缀合物),在大部分后生动物上皮组织中都有表达。[1]黏液素的特色是它可以構成膠狀物;因此在體內分泌的膠狀分泌物中扮演重要角色,如:可以潤滑、協助細胞傳訊,及構築化學障壁[1],通常扮演身體屏障的角色。[1]

Micrograph showing cells with prominent mucin-containing intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Pap stain.

一些黏液素参与调控生物组织的矿化,如软体动物珍珠母的形成[2]棘皮动物钙化[3],以及脊椎动物骨骼的形成[4]。黏液素也通过与病原体结合来参与免疫反应,此外,过表达的黏液素蛋白,如MUC1,也与多种癌症相关[5]

Although some mucins are membrane-bound due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favors retention in the plasma membrane, most mucins are secreted onto mucosal surfaces or secreted to become a component of saliva.

基因

通过cDNA克隆发现了至少19个人类黏素基因——MUC1MUC2MUC3A、MUC3B、MUC4MUC5ACMUC5BMUC6MUC7、MUC8、MUC12、MUC13、MUC15、MUC16MUC17、MUC19和MUC20[6]

主要分泌于呼吸道的黏素是MUC5ACMUC5B,而MUC2主要分泌于小肠,在呼吸道中也有出现。

另见

  • Bovine Submaxillary Mucin Coatings
  • Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli

参考文献

  1. Frédéric Marin, Gilles Luquet, Benjamin Marie, Davorin Medakovic. . : 209–276 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(07)80006-8. (原始内容存档于2018-06-08).
  2. Frédéric Marin, Paul Corstjens, Béatrice de Gaulejac, Elizabeth de Vrind-De Jong, Peter Westbroek. . Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000-07-07, 275 (27): 20667–20675 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0021-9258. doi:10.1074/jbc.m003006200. (原始内容存档于2018-06-03) (英语).
  3. Adele Boskey. . Connective Tissue Research: 5–9. doi:10.1080/713713622.
  4. RJ Midura, VC Hascall. . Glycobiology. 1996, 6 (7): 677–81. PMID 8953277. doi:10.1093/glycob/6.7.677.
  5. Niv Y. . World J. Gastroenterol. April 2008, 14 (14): 2139–41. PMC 2703837可免费查阅. PMID 18407586. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.2139.
  6. Perez-Vilar, J; Hill, RL. . Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry (Lennarz & Lane, EDs.) (Oxford: Academic Press/Elsevier). 2004, 2: 758–764.

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