紧化 (物理学)
弦论中的紧致化
弦论中的紧致化,是卡魯扎-克萊因理論的一种扩充和应用。考虑费米子自由度后,超弦理论只有在10维才自洽。为了联系10维的超弦理论和4维的现实世界,我们通常把多余的6维卷曲起来。为了保证4维有效理论至少具有超对称,6维流形的完整群应为而非最广泛的情形,因此6维流形应是卡拉比–丘流形。包含轨形,不可定向形或D-膜的紧致化亦被广泛讨论。
不同的额外维流形的模对应于4维有效场论中不同的真空。为了固定这些模,与D-膜的荷耦合的规范场被用来确定低维有效理论的势。这即为通常所说的通量紧致化。由于卡拉比–丘流形的貝蒂數和通常很大,其通量紧致化的合理真空数量惊人;这一性质被用来解释理论计算的宇宙学常数和观测所得的暗能量不符合的疑难[2][3]。
资料来源
- M.J. Duff, B.E.W. Nilsson, C.N. Pope, Kaluza-Klein Supergravity, Physics Report 130, 1-142(1986).
- Raphael Bousso, Joseph Polchinski, Quantization of four-form fluxes and dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant (页面存档备份,存于), JHEP06(2000)006.
- Michael R. Douglas, The statistics of string/M theory vacua (页面存档备份,存于), JHEP05(2003)046.
参考文献
- Chapter 16 of Michael Green, John H. Schwarz and Edward Witten (1987) Superstring theory. Cambridge University Press. Vol. 2: Loop amplitudes, anomalies and phenomenology. ISBN 0-521-35753-5.
- Brian R. Greene, "String Theory on Calabi-Yau Manifolds". arXiv:hep-th/9702155.
- Mariana Graña, "Flux compactifications in string theory: A comprehensive review", Physics Reports 423, 91-158 (2006). arXiv:hep-th/0509003.
- Michael R. Douglas and Shamit Kachru "Flux compactification", Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 733 (2007). arXiv:hep-th/0610102.
- Ralph Blumenhagen, Boris Körs, Dieter Lüst, Stephan Stieberger, "Four-dimensional string compactifications with D-branes, orientifolds and fluxes", Physics Reports 445, 1-193 (2007). arXiv:hep-th/0610327.
外部連結
- . [2021-07-25]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-19).
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