佛陀名號列表
佛教宇宙观认为,世界有无数无尽的佛陀依次出世传法。在我们的娑婆世界中,现在所处的时代叫贤劫,有千佛出世,过去叫庄严劫,也有千佛出世。拘留孙佛爲贤劫千佛之第一佛,释迦牟尼佛爲贤劫千佛之第四佛,而拘留孙佛之前,则是庄严劫出世的佛陀。过去庄严劫最後出世的三佛,与现在贤劫最先出世的四佛,合称为“(过去)七佛”,爲离我们现在时间最近、依次出世的七尊佛陀[1];南傳上座部佛教还有“二十八佛”之稱,见于《佛种姓经》。
佛教 |
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佛教大綱 佛教主題 佛教专题 |
五方佛和十方佛
過去七佛
釋迦牟尼佛曾列舉過娑婆世界過去世的六尊佛,加上釋迦牟尼佛(喬達摩),稱爲過去七佛。
二十九佛
上座部佛教转述过去二十五佛,後發展爲二十七佛,加上釋迦牟尼佛,稱爲“二十八佛”[3],再加當來下生彌勒佛,共稱“二十九佛”。
那体慧和Richard Gombrich等学者认为,“过去二十五佛”可能是要與耆那教競爭而提出来的,因為耆那教有一套相當明確的二十四位宗師底里坦迦罗(Tīrthaṅkara)的體系,很可能是在西元前二或三世紀時,作為二十五佛來源的《佛种姓经》完成了編輯和入藏[4]。其中,過去七佛在很多經藏中都能見到,提舍佛(Tiṣya)和弗沙佛(Puṣya)也見於《大悲經》,僅有這九尊佛陀常見於多本經典。
巴利語佛號[5][6][7] | 梵語佛號 | 漢譯名 | 種姓[6][7] | 誕生地[6][7] | 父母[6][7] | 菩提樹種[6][7][8] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Taṇhaṅkara | Tṛṣṇaṃkara | 除渴爱佛[9] | 刹帝利 | Popphavadi | King Sunandha, and Queen Sunandhaa | Rukkaththana |
2 | Medhaṅkara | Medhaṃkara | 用智能佛[10] | Yaghara | Sudheva, and Yasodhara | Kaela | |
3 | Saraṇaṅkara | Śaraṇaṃkara | 归依佛[11] (薩羅難迦羅佛、总持佛、作救护佛) |
Vipula | Sumangala, and Yasavathi | Pulila | |
4 | Dīpaṃkara | Dīpaṃkara | 燃灯佛[12] (锭光佛、定光佛) |
婆罗门 | Rammavatinagara | Sudheva, and Sumedhaya | Pipphala |
5 | Koṇḍañña | Kauṇḍinya | 智调佛[13] (和憍陳如同詞) |
刹帝利 | Rammavatinagara | Sunanda, and Sujata | Salakalyana |
6 | Maṅgala | Maṅgala | 吉祥佛[14] | 婆罗门[15] | Uttaranagara (Majhimmadesa) | Uttara, and Uttara | a naga |
7 | Sumana | Sumanas | 善意佛[16] | 刹帝利[15] | Mekhalanagara | Sudassana and Sirima | a naga |
8 | Revata[17] | Raivata | 离婆多佛[18] | 婆罗门[15] | Sudhannavatinagara | Vipala and Vipula | a naga |
9 | Sobhita | Śobhita | 光耀佛[19] | 刹帝利[15] | Sudhammanagara | Sudhammanagara (father) and Sudhammanagara (mother) | a naga |
10 | Anomadassi | Anavamadarśin | 超见佛[20] | 婆罗门[15] | Chandavatinagara | Yasava and Yasodara | ajjuna |
11 | Paduma[21] | Padma | 莲花佛[22] | 刹帝利[15] | Champayanagara | Asama, and Asama | salala |
12 | Nārada | Nārada | 那罗陀佛 | Dhammavatinagara | King Sudheva and Anopama | sonaka | |
13 | Padumuttara[23] | Padmottara | 胜莲华(花)佛[24] | 刹帝利 | Hansavatinagara | Anurula, and Sujata | salala |
14 | Sumedha | Sumedha | 善慧佛[25] | 刹帝利 | Sudasananagara | Sumedha (father), and Sumedha (mother) | nipa |
15 | Sujāta | Sujāta | 善生佛[26] | Sumangalanagara | Uggata, and Pabbavati | velu | |
16 | Piyadassi[27] | Priyadarśin | 喜见佛[28] | Sudannanagara | Sudata, and Subaddha | kakudha | |
17 | Atthadassi | Arthadarśin | 义见佛[29] | 刹帝利 | Sonanagara | Sagara and Sudassana | champa |
18 | Dhammadassī | Dharmadarśin | 法见佛[30] | 刹帝利 | Surananagara | Suranamaha, and Sunanada | bimbajala |
19 | Siddhattha | Siddhārtha[31] | 成就义佛 (和悉達多同詞) |
Vibharanagara | Udeni, and Suphasa | kanihani | |
20 | Tissa | Tiṣya | 提舍佛 | Khemanagara | Janasando, and Paduma | assana | |
21 | Phussa[32] | Puṣya | 弗沙佛 | 刹帝利 | Kāśi | Jayasena, and Siremaya | amalaka |
22 | Vipassī | Vipaśyin | 毗婆尸佛[33] (超见佛、善观佛) |
刹帝利 | Bandhuvatinagara | Vipassi (father), and Vipassi (mother) | 波吒釐樹(婆羅樹) patali |
23 | Sikhī | Śikhin | 尸棄佛[34] (頂髻佛) |
刹帝利 | Arunavattinagara | Arunavatti, and Paphavatti | 芬陀利樹 pundariko |
24 | Vessabhū | Viśvabhū | 毗舍婆佛[35] (毘舍浮佛、毗 |
刹帝利 | Anupamanagara | Suppalittha, and Yashavati | 娑羅樹 sala |
25 | Kakusandha | Krakucchanda | 拘留孫佛[36] (具峰佛) |
婆罗门 | Khemavatinagara | Agidatta the purohitta Brahman of King Khema, and Visakha | 利沙樹[37] airisa |
26 | Koṇāgamana | Kanakamuni | 拘那含佛[38] | 婆罗门[39] | Sobhavatinagara | Yannadatta the Brahman, and Uttara | 優曇婆羅樹 udumbara |
27 | Kassapa[40] | Kāśyapa | 迦葉佛[41] | 婆罗门 | Baranasinagara | Brahmadatta a Brahman, and Dhanavati | 尼拘律樹 nigroda |
28 | Gotama | Gautama | 喬達摩佛 (瞿曇佛、釋迦牟尼佛) |
刹帝利 | 藍毗尼(Lumbini) | 净饭王(King Suddhodana), 摩耶夫人(Māyā) |
畢缽羅菩提樹 Asatu Bodhi |
29 | Metteyya | Maitreya | 彌勒佛[42] (慈氏佛) |
婆罗门[43] | Ketumatī
|
Subrahma and Brahmavati[44] | 龍華菩提樹(那伽菩提樹) Naga Bodhi |
註釋參考
- 黄开国,李刚,陈兵等 主编. . . 成都: 四川人民出版社. 1999. ISBN 7-220-04869-6.
- . Access To Insight. [2019-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12).
- 南傳上座部佛教二十八佛相關經典 (页面存档备份,存于),法增比丘汉译
- 陳莉娜. . 法鼓文理學院. 2016.
- Malalasekera (2007), Buddha, pp. 294-305
- Thomas villiam Rhys Davids; Davids, R (1878). "The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas". Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage. London: George Routledge & Sons. pp. 115–44.
- , ed. (1975). The minor anthologies of the Pali canon. Volume III: Buddhavaṁsa (Chronicle of Buddhas) and Cariyāpiṭaka (Basket of Conduct). London: 巴利聖典協會. ISBN 0-86013-072-X.
- Malalasekera (2007), Bodhirukka, p. 319
- Tṛṣṇaṃ意爲爱、贪爱,kara意爲作业、从事,指除却的作业
- medham意爲智慧、智者、牺牲,kara意爲作业、从事,此处译爲用
- Śaraṇaṃ义爲救护、皈依、总持,kara义爲作业、从事
- Dīpaṃ义爲灯火、灯明,kara义爲作业、从事
- Kauṇḍinya一说义爲火器,一说意爲善知、智者
- magala意爲吉祥,如八吉祥
- Beal (1875), Beal S, Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment, pp. 10-17
- sumana意爲茉莉花,又名善意花、悦意花,又作人名爲悦意
- Malalasekera (2007), Revata, pp. 754-5
- revati爲二十七星宿之一的奎宿星;revata通常音译爲离婆多、梨波多
- Śobhita意爲照耀、装饰、莊嚴、光彩、优美,又音译作輸毘多
- Anomadassi意爲不能超越的(知见),拥有超越的(知见)
- Malalasekera (2007), Paduma, p. 131
- 音译即六字真言裡的“呗咪”,意爲普通莲花
- Malalasekera (2007), Padumuttara, pp. 136-7
- padma莲花,uttara意爲胜利、北方、後、上
- sumedha智慧的
- sujāta义爲好的出生、生得好的
- Malalasekera (2007), Piyadassi, p. 207
- priya义爲可爱的,所爱的,亲爱的,喜悦的;darśin义爲见、观见、察觉
- artha义爲意义、义趣、义理、利益、追求;darśin义爲见、观见、察觉
- dharma义爲法;darśin义爲见、观见、察觉
- siddh-义爲成就,artha义爲意义、义趣、义理、利益、追求
- Malalasekera (2007), Phussa, p. 257
- 义爲聖观;Vipaśyanā义爲观、观察、正见
- 义爲有髮髻者、孔雀
- 義爲遍現、全現
- 義爲成就美妙
- 《增一阿含經》譯“利沙樹”的“”或爲誤添
- kanaka義爲金,muni義爲寂、聖人
- Barua, A (2008). Dīgha-Nikāya: romanize Pāli text vith English translation. 2 (1st ed.). Delhi, India: Nev Bharatiya Book Corporation. p. 6. ISBN 81-8315-096-9.
- Alexander Cunningham(1880). "XVIII: Tandva". Report of Tours in the Gangetic Provinces from Badaon to Bihar, in 1875-76 and 1877-78. Calcutta, India: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. pp.70–8.
- 中譯念
葉 字,義爲飲光、持光,釋迦佛有同名弟子飲光,部派佛教也有飲光部(迦葉維部) - 義爲慈的
- . www.accesstoinsight.org. [2019-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12).
- Vipassana.info, Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Metteyya (页面存档备份,存于)
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