尾气
尾气是指車輛內的燃料(如天然气、汽油、柴油、重油、生物柴油混合物[1]或煤)經過燃烧而排放出来的氣體。根据車輛发动机的类型,尾氣通过排气管等不同的方式排放到大气中。
机动车排放尾气会导致空气污染,并且是一些大城市產生煙霧的主要因素。根據麻省理工学院2013年的一项研究表明,仅在美国,每年就有53,000人因汽车尾气排放而过早死亡。[2]根据同一所大学的另一项研究,在英国,仅尾氣造成的交通烟雾每年就会导致5,000人死亡。[3]
客车排放统计
成分 | 排放率 | 年污染排放 |
---|---|---|
碳氢化合物 | 2.80 克/英里 (1.75 克/公里) | 77.1英磅(35.0) |
一氧化碳 | 20.9 克/英里 (13.06 克/公里) | 575英磅(261) |
NOx | 1.39 克/英里 (0.87 克/公里) | 38.2英磅(17.3) |
二氧化碳——温室气体 | 0.916英磅每英里(258克每) | 11,450英磅(5,190) |
成分 | 排放率 | 年污染排放 |
---|---|---|
NMOG (挥发性有机物) | 0.075 克/英里 (0.046 克/公里) | 2.1英磅(0.95) |
一氧化碳 | 3.4 克/英里 (2.1 克/公里) | 94英磅(43) |
NOX | 0.05 克/英里 (0.0305 克/公里) | 1.4英磅(0.64) |
甲醛 | 0.015 克/英里 (0.0092 克/公里) | 0.41英磅(0.19) |
引述
- Omidvarborna; et al. . Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2014, 2 (4): 2335–2342. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2014.09.020.
- Caiazzo, Fabio; Ashok, Akshay; Waitz, Ian A.; Yim, Steve H.L.; Barrett, Steven R.H. . Atmospheric Environment. November 2013, 79: 198–208. Bibcode:2013AtmEn..79..198C. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.081.
- Roland Pease. . BBC News. [2021-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-03).
- (PDF). Transportation and Air Quality. United States Environmental Protection Agency. [2015-04-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-06-17).
- . Emission Standards Reference Guide. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 14 November 2012 [2015-04-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-26).
- . Air emission sources. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 25 October 2013 [2015-04-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-16).
- (PDF). AUDI. April 2000 [23 March 2012]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-08-07).
外部链接
- Health and Air Pollution (页面存档备份,存于) Publication of the California Air Resources Board
- The Encyclopedia Of Filters - Dust Collection (页面存档备份,存于) An overview of the science of dust collection systems, including those used for pollution control.
- Cone, Tracie. . Huffington Post. 13 November 2008 [2015-04-18]. (原始内容存档于2015-01-01).
- . Alpha Online. Environmed Research Inc. (原始内容存档于2014-07-05).
- . Clean Vehicles. Union of Concerned Scientists. 3 September 2013 [2015-04-18]. (原始内容存档于2012-05-07).
- . Australian Government, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. (原始内容存档于2015-01-01).
- . International Bicycle Fund. [25 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-21).
- Chevron Motor Gasoline Technical Review
- Chevron Diesel Fuels Technical Review
- 柴油尾气:
- U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Safety and Health Topics: Diesel Exhaust (页面存档备份,存于)
- Partial List of Chemicals Associated with Diesel Exhaust (页面存档备份,存于)
- Diesel Exhaust Particulates: Reasonably Anticipated to Be A Human Carcinogen
- Scientific Study of Harmful Effects of Diesel Exhaust: Acute Inflammatory Responses in the Airways and Peripheral Blood After Short-Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust in Healthy Human Volunteers (页面存档备份,存于)
- Diesel exhaust: what you need to know
- DieselNet: Internet Resources (页面存档备份,存于)
- DieselNet: Diesel Emissions (页面存档备份,存于)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.