钵水母纲
钵水母纲（學名：）是刺胞动物门的一个纲[2]。例如水母、海蜇、海月水母、霞水母等。 這類水母早在寒武紀就已出現，直到現在[1]。
缽水母綱 化石时期： | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cephea cephea | |
科学分类  | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 刺胞動物門 Cnidaria |
| 亚门： | 水母亞門 Medusozoa |
| 纲： | 缽水母綱 Scyphozoa Götte, 1887 |
| 目 | |
語源
钵水母纲的學名源於古希臘語的skyphos（），意思就是杯狀的物品。
特征
一类不具缘膜的大型水母。伞缘缺裂呈瓣状，胃腔中有满生刺细胞的胃丝。
一般有营裂体的无性生殖世代（附着的水螅体钵形，构造近似海葵）和雌雄交配的有性世代（游泳的水母体伞形，由其内胚层产生生殖细胞）交相更迭的世代交替现象。
分類
钵水母纲有：
- †目 Byroniida
- 冠水母亚纲 Coronamedusae
- 冠水母目 Coronatae
- 圆盘水母亚纲 Discomedusae
錐石目（Conulariida）是一個化石分類單元，可能也是缽水母綱的成員，但其從屬具廣泛爭議。
下属分类
本纲包括以下目：
- Coronatae
- Rhizostomeae
- Semaeostomeae
- 目的地位未定的科：
- Carinachitidae
- Circonulariidae
- Conulariellidae
- Conulariidae
- Conulariopsidae
- Corumbellidae
- Hexangulaconulariidae
- Kimberellidae
- Olivooidae
- Pomoriidae
- Rhizostomitidae
- 目、科的地位未定的属：
- Aciconularia He, 1987
- Adesmoconularia Driscol, 1963
- Asterocites Miroshnikov & Kravtsov, 1965
- Australoconularia Bischoff, 1978
- Barbigodithreca
- Brachina Wade, 1972
- Cathayconularia Xu & Li, 1979
- Changshaconus Zhu, 1985
- Circonularia Bischoff, 1978
- Climacoconus
- Coadunatoscyphus Bischoff, 1989
- Conchopeltis Walcott, 1879
- Conomedusites
- Conulariella Boucek, 1928
- Conularina
- Conulariopsiella Xu & Li, 1979
- Ctenoconularia Sinclair, 1952
- Ediacaria Sprigg, 1947
- Eomedusa Popov, 1968
- Epomis Lesson, 1843
- Garraconularia Bischoff, 1978
- Glyptoconularia Sinclair, 1952
- Haplorhiza Haeckel, 1880
- Hexangulaconularia He, 1984
- Holoconularia Hergarten, 1985
- Hughaea
- Hunanoconularia Xu & Li, 1979
- Ilankirus Sarsembaev & Marusin, 2022
- Jiangsuconularia Ding & Li, 1984
- Jilinoconularia Liu, 1981
- Jixiania Niu, 1987
- Lagenaconularia He, 1984
- Leioconularia Xu & Li, 1985
- Mabianoconullus He, 1984
- Malvinoconularia Babcock, Feldmann, Wilson & Suarez-Riglos, 1987
- Mariochrea Valkov, 1982
- Mawsonites Glaessner & Wade, 1966
- Mawsonites randellensis Sun, 1986[3]
- Melitea Péron & Lesueur, 1810
- Mesoconularia
- Microconularia Percival, 2009
- Nanjingoconularia Ding & Li, 1984
- Orythia Lamarck, 1816
- Palaenigma Walcott, 1885
- Paraurelia Gaillard, Goy, Bernier, Bourseau, Gall, Barale, Buffetaut & Wenz, 2006
- Persimedusites Hahn & Pflug, 1980
- Prestephanoscyphus Bischoff, 1989
- Quadrosiphogonuchites Chen, 1982
- Reticulaconularia Babcock & Feldmann, 1986
- Selindeochrea Valkov, 1982
- Shixiconularia Liu, 1981
- Sinoconularia Zhang, 1976
- Sinusconularia Hergarten, 1994
- Sphenothallus J.Hall, 1847
- Stauridinia Fedonkin, 1990
- Stellostomites Sun & Hou, 1987
- Striatoconularia Xu & Li, 1985
- Stygiomedusae Russell, 1959
- Tasmanoconularia Parfrey, 1982
- Teresconularia Leme, Heredia, Rodrigues, Simoes, Acenolaza & Milana, 2003
- Tirasiana Palij, 1976
- Vendoconularia Ivantsov & Fedonkin, 2002
- Wadea Jenkins, 1992
- Wufengoconularia Li, 1993
- Xizangoconularia Xu & Li, 1985
- Yangoconularia Xu & Li, 1985
- Yinoconularia Zhu, 1985
- Yunnanomedusa Sun & Hou, 1987
圖片
Sea nettle Jellyfish (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) at 蒙特瑞灣水族館.
Blubber jelly (Catostylus mosaicus) at 蒙特瑞灣水族館.
Mastigias papua at the 蒙特瑞灣水族館.
Australian spotted jellyfish (Phyllorhiza punctata).
Mediterranean Jellyfish (Cotylorhiza tuberculata) at the 蒙特瑞灣水族館.
Flower hat jelly at the 蒙特瑞灣水族館.
Aurelia aurita
Stomolophus_meleagris
參考資料
- Liu, Yunhuan; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Yanan; Chen, Cheng; Liang, Yongchun; Xue, Jiaqi. . Palaeontology. 2017-06-04, 60 (4): 511–518. doi:10.1111/pala.12306 （英语）.
- Dawson, Michael N. . [2008-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-28）.
- Sun Wei-Guo (1986) Late Precambrian scyphozoan medusa Mawsonites randellensis sp. nov. and its significance in the Ediacara metazoan assemblage, South Australia, Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 10:3, 169-181, DOI: 10.1080/03115518608619152
- 任淑仙. 上 （中文（简体））.
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