馬其頓戰役
馬其頓戰役(法語:)也稱薩洛尼卡戰役()是第一次世界大戰一個軍事戰區,由法國為首協約國在1915年秋試圖援助塞爾維亞時所建立的,但遠征軍來的時間過晚且兵力不足。
馬其頓战役 | |||||||
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第一次世界大戰巴爾幹戰役 (第一次世界大戰)的一部分 | |||||||
協約國士兵 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
保加利亞 德國 奥匈帝国 奥斯曼帝国 |
法國 塞爾維亞 希臘(從1917開始) 英國 意大利 沙俄 (1916–1917) | ||||||
指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
奧古斯特·馮·馬肯森 奧托·馮·貝洛 弗里德里希·馮·斯科爾茨 尼古拉·熱科夫 格奧爾基·托多羅夫 克里門特·波雅吉耶夫 阿布都克里姆 |
路易·弗朗謝·德斯佩雷 莫里斯·薩拉伊 阿道夫·吉約馬 佩塔爾·博約維奇 吉沃因·米希奇 帕纳吉奥蒂斯·加加利迪斯 布萊恩·馬洪 | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
约 600,000人 1,217門大砲 2,710挺機槍 |
約 717,000人 2,609門大砲 2,682挺機槍 | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
:200,000人傷亡或被俘 :未知 :未知 :未知 |
70,000人死亡或失蹤,以及未知受傷或被俘[1] 約40,000人傷亡或被俘[註 1] 27,000人傷亡或被俘[4] 26,207人傷亡或被俘[5] 10,538人傷亡或被俘[6][7] 未知 |
最終法軍成功建立了穩定的戰線,而馬其頓戰役大多時間都處於僵持階段。但於1918年9月,由法國將軍路易·弗朗谢·德斯佩雷發動的大規模攻勢,導致了保加利亞的投降和同盟國 (第一次世界大戰)南部戰線的崩潰。
文字註釋
- Total Serbian military casualties in World War I numbered approximately 481,000, including 278,000 dead from all causes (including POWs),[2] 133,000 wounded, and 70,000 living POWs.[3] Of these 481,000, some 434,000 were suffered in the earlier Serbian campaign. Most of the rest were taken on the Macedonian front following the evacuation of the Serbian Army.
註腳
- . 9 November 2018 [2021-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-29).
- Urlanis, Boris. . Moscow. 1971: 66, 79, 83, 85, 160, 171, 268.
- . The War Office. : 353.
- "Military Casualties-World War-Estimated" Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in World War I: People, Politics, and Power, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010) Page 219. "Total casualties for Greece were 27,000 (killed and died 5,000; wounded 21,000; prisoners and missing 1,000)"
- T. J. Mitchell and G.M. Smith. "Medical Services: Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War." From the "Official History of the Great War". Pages 190-191. Breakdown: 2,797 killed, 1,299 died of wounds, 3,744 died of disease, 2,778 missing/captured, 16,888 wounded (minus DOW), 116,190 evacuated sick (34,726 to UK, 81,428 elsewhere) an unknown proportion of whom returned to duty later. A total of 481,262 were hospitalized for sickness overall.
- Ministero della Difesa: L’Esercito italiano nella Grande Guerra (1915-1918), vol. VII: Le operazioni fuori del territorio nazionale: Albania, Macedonia, Medio Oriente, t. 3° bis: documenti, Rome 1981, Parte Prima, doc. 77, p. 173 and Parte Seconda, doc. 78, p. 351; Mortara, La salute pubblica in Italia 1925, p. 37.
- Losses are given as follows for 1916 to 1918. Macedonia: 8,324, including 2,971 dead or missing and 5,353 injured. Albania: 2,214 including 298 dead, 1,069 wounded, and 847 missing.
參考資料
- Esposito, V. . Westport, Cn: Praeger. 1959. OCLC 311479559.
- Falls, C. . History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence I IWM and Battery Press 1996. London: HMSO. 1933. ISBN 0-89839-242-X.
- Falls, C. . History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence II IWM and Battery Press 1996. Nashville, TN: HMSO. 1935. ISBN 0-89839-243-8.
- Hall, R. . Bloomington, In: Indiana University Press. 2010. ISBN 0-253-35452-8.
- Palmer, A. . London: Andre Deutsch. 1965. ISBN 0-23395-748-0.
- Parker, C. . London: Cassell. 1964. OCLC 450429.
- Wakefield, A.; Moody, S. . London: History Press. 2004. ISBN 0-7509-3537-5.
外部連結
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:馬其頓戰役 |
- Balkanalysis.com review of the official British government history of the Macedonian Front campaign, Military Operations Macedonia: Parts 1 & 2 (页面存档备份,存于)
- The New Zealand Stationary (Military) Hospital at Salonika (chapter on) (页面存档备份,存于)
- The New Zealand Stationary Hospital at Salonika (photo of))
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