5-羟甲基胞嘧啶
5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5-Hydroxymethylcytosine,簡稱5hmc)是生物DNA中由胞嘧啶(C)衍生而來的一種核鹼基,其化學式為C5H7N3O2[1],可能有調控基因表現的功能,為表觀遺傳學上重要的鹼基。5hmc最早於1952年在噬菌體DNA中被發現[2][3],可能為噬菌體避免被細菌限制酶切割的一種機制,有些細菌則演化出可切割含5hmc序列的限制酶(如PvuRts1I)[4]。1972年此鹼基首度在哺乳類DNA中被發現,2009年有研究在人類與小鼠的腦組織DNA和胚胎幹細胞的DNA中發現5hmc[5][6],目前已知大多數的哺乳類細胞中可能均含有5hmc,但含量不一,在中樞神經系統的神經元[7][8][9]及原生殖細胞[10]中較多,且含量可能因年齡而變化[7][11]。5hmc的具體功能尚不清楚,可能與DNA去甲基化(促進基因表現)有關[12][13]。
5-羟甲基胞嘧啶 | |
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IUPAC名 4-Amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one | |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 1123-95-1 |
PubChem | 70751 |
ChemSpider | 63916 |
SMILES |
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InChI |
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InChIKey | RYVNIFSIEDRLSJ-UHFFFAOYAT |
ChEBI | 76792 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C5H7N3O2 |
141.13 g/mol g·mol⁻¹ | |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
參考文獻
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