A·C·本森

亚瑟·克里斯托弗·本森1862年4月24日—1925年6月17日),英国散文家、诗人和学者[1]剑桥大学抹大拉学院第二十八任校长。他为爱德华·埃尔加的《加冕颂》作词,也为埃尔加的作品,英国爱国歌曲《希望与光荣的土地》作词。

A. C. 本森
亚瑟·克里斯托弗·本森
个人资料
出生(1862-04-24)1862年4月24日
逝世1925年6月17日(1925歲—06—17)(63歲)
公民权英国
学历坦普尔格罗夫学校
伊顿公学
母校剑桥大学国王学院

早期生活和家庭

亚瑟·克里斯托弗·本森1862年4月24日出生在伯克郡惠灵顿学院,是爱德华·怀特·本森(1829-1896)六个孩子之一,他在1883年至1896年间担任坎特伯雷大主教,在此之前是该学院的第一任校长。

本森的家庭成员中還有E. F. 本森,他与他的代表作《马普和露西亚》, 和R.H. 本森一樣,他原是英国圣公会的牧师,后来改信罗马天主教,他也是一名作家。他的妹妹玛格丽特·本森是一位艺术家、作家和埃及学家。

不過本森家族的家族命运并没有那么一帆风顺:一子一女早逝,而另一个女儿和亚瑟本人则可能患上了某种精神疾病,可能是躁鬱症[2]。这似乎是遗传自他们的父母,并且其后他们的孩子没有任何一人结婚[3]

尽管本森本人患病,但亚瑟后来还是成为了一名学者和作家。从10岁到21岁期间,他一直生活在接近教堂的地方,首先是在林肯郡居住,他的父亲是林肯大教堂的主教,然后是在特鲁罗居住,他的父亲是特鲁罗的第一位主教。他对教堂的音乐和宗教仪式也颇感兴趣。

1874年,他在东希恩的坦普尔格罗夫学校获得了伊顿公学的奖学金,1881年升入剑桥大学国王学院,他在那里成为了一名学者并获得了奖学金(国王学院的封闭式奖金只有伊顿公学的学生才有资格获得)并于1884年在古典三段式课程中获得一等奖。[4]

生平

从1885年到1903年期间,本森在伊顿公学教书,在1904年回到剑桥,成为剑桥大学抹大拉学院的院士,讲授英国文学。1912年,他成为该学院的硕士(院长的副手)。从1915年12月到1925年去世之前,他一直担任剑桥大学抹大拉学院的院长。从1906年起,是格雷欣学校的校监。[5]

"Fasti Etonenses", Benson caricatured by Spy for Vanity Fair, 1903.

本森推动了抹大拉学院的现代化[4],他很大程度上影响了这座学院。在这座学院里至少有20个铭文是关于他的。[6]在1930年的时候,一个新的本森法院以他的名字来命名。[7]

本森和伊舍勋爵一起在1907年的时候编写了关于收集维多利亚女王的信,任务是将460卷维多利亚女王的书信编辑成书[8][9] 他的诗歌和散文集如 From a College WindowThe Upton Letters (以书信形式写的散文) 在当时很有名。他还留下了有史以来最长的日记之一,约四百万字的日记。他对但丁·加百列·羅塞蒂、爱德华·菲茨杰拉德、華特·荷瑞修·佩特约翰·拉斯金的文学评论是他最好的作品之一。

本森作了《加冕颂》的歌词,这是一首由爱德华·埃尔加为1902年英国国王爱德华七世和王后亚历山德拉的加冕仪式的配乐。而它的结尾就是英国最著名的爱国歌曲之一 "希望与光荣的土地"。

如同他的兄弟爱德华·弗雷德里克以及罗伯特·休一样,本森本人也是个著名的鬼故事作家。他写的两大卷的鬼故事作品如:The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories (1903) 和The Isles of Sunset (1904) ,这些是为他的学生所写的道德寓言。亚瑟·本森死后,弗雷德·本森发现了一本亚瑟·本森未发表的鬼故事小说集,并将其中两篇收入了 Basil Netherby (1927)。[10] 但是其他未被发现的故事可就无从得知了。Paul the Minstrel and Other Stories (1911, reprinted 1977) 收集了一些来自于 The Hill of Trouble and Other StoriesThe Isles of Sunset的内容。[11] 还有九个本森的鬼故事被收录于大卫·斯图尔特的The Temple of Death: The Ghost Stories of A. C. & R. H. Benson (Wordsworth, 2007),以及他的兄弟R. H. Benson的七篇故事,和A. C. Benson的九篇故事以及Robert的十篇故事则被收录于 Ghosts in the House (Ash-Tree, 1996) – 有趣的是,上面提到的那些各个收录的合集之中的内容相似却不完全相同。

死亡

Benson Court, Magdalene College, Cambridge

亚瑟·克里斯托弗·本森最后死于抹大拉学院的硕士门房,去世后被埋葬在剑桥的圣吉尔斯公墓。

作品

  • Men of Might: Studies of Great Characters, with H. F. W. Tatham, 1892[12]
  • Le Cahier Jaune: Poems, 1892[13]
  • Poems, 1893
  • Genealogy of the Family of Benson of Banger House and Northwoods, in the Parish of Ripon and Chapelry of Pateley Bridge, 1894[14]
  • Lyrics, 1895[15]
  • Lord Vyet & Other Poems, 1898
  • Ode in Memory of the Rt. Honble. William Ewart Gladstone, 1898[16]
  • Thomas Gray, 1895[17]
  • Essays, 1896.[18]
  • Fasti Etonenses: A Biographical History of Eton, 1899[19]
  • The Professor: and Other Poems, 1900[20]
  • The Schoolmaster, 1902[21]
  • The Upton Letters, 1905[22]
  • Monnow: An Ode, 1906
  • The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories, 1903[23]
  • The Isles of Sunset, 1904[24]
  • Peace: and Other Poems, 1905[25]
  • The Gate of Death: A Diary, 1906[26]
  • From a College Window, 1906[22]
  • Rossetti, 1906[27]
  • Walter Pater, 1906[28]
  • The Thread of Gold, 1907[29]
  • Memoirs of Arthur Hamilton, 1907[22]
  • The House of Quiet: An Autobiography, 1907[30]
  • The Altar Fire, 1907[22]
  • The Letters of One, a Study in Limitations, 1907
  • Beside Still Waters, 1908[31]
  • At Large, 1908[22]
  • Tennyson, 1908[32]
  • Until the Evening, 1909[33]
  • The Poems of A. C. Benson, 1909[34]
  • The Child of the Dawn, 1911[35]
  • Paul the Minstrel and Other Stories, 1911[22]
  • The Leaves of the Tree: Studies in Biography, 1911[36]
  • Ruskin: A Study in Personality, 1911[37]
  • The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1907[38][39][40]
  • Thy Rod and Thy Staff, 1912[41]
  • The Beauty of Life: Being Selections from the Writings of Arthur Christopher Benson, 1912[42]
  • Joyous Gard, 1913[43]
  • The Silent Isle, 1913[44]
  • Along the Road, 1913[45]
  • Where No Fear Was: A Book About Fear, 1914[22]
  • The Orchard Pavilion, 1914[46]
  • Escape and Other Essays, 1916[47]
  • Meanwhile; A Packet of War Letters, 1916[48]
  • Father Payne, 1917[49]
  • Life and Letters of Maggie Benson, 1920[50]
  • Watersprings, 1920[51]
  • Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother, 1920[52]
  • The Reed of Pan; English Renderings of Greek Epigrams and Lyrics, 1922[53]
  • Magdalene College, Cambridge: A Little View of Its Buildings and History, 1923[54]
  • Selected Poems, 1924
  • Chris Gascoyne; An Experiment in Solitude, from the Diaries of John Trevor, 1924
  • Everybody's Book of the Queen's Dolls' House, 1924
  • Memories and Friends, 1924
  • Edward Fitzgerald, 1925[55]
  • The House of Menerdue, 1925[56]
  • Rambles and Reflections, 1926[57]
  • Basil Netherby, 1926
  • The Diary of Arthur Christopher Benson, 1926

文学评论

  • "The Poetry of Mr. A. C. Benson", Sewanee Review, Volume 14 (Sewanee: University of the South, 1906), 110–111, 405–421.[58]
  • "Poets All", The Speaker, Volume 15, 13 February 1897 (London), 196[59]
  • "Mr. Benson's Poems", The Literary World, Volume 48, 3 November 1893 (London: James Clarke & Co.), 329[60]
  • "Selected Poetry of Arthur Christopher Benson" (1862–1925)[3]
  • "A Literary Causerie" in The Speaker, Volume 15, 13 March 1897 (London), 299[59]

参考

引用文献

  1. . Who's Who. 1907, 59: 136 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-27).
  2. Ridley, Jane. . The Spectator. 9 July 2011 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-02).
  3. . Representative Poetry Online. University of Toronto. [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04).
  4. . . University of Cambridge.
  5. The Times newspaper, 22 October 1906, p. 6, col. C.
  6. . Magdalene College. [14 September 2014]. (原始内容存档于1 March 2004).
  7. The colleges and halls - Magdalene 页面存档备份,存于 - British History Online. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  8. Ward, Yvonne M. . Oneworld. 2014. ISBN 9781780743639.
  9. . The Athenaeum. October 26, 1907, (4174): 509–510 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-25).
  10. Mike Ashley, "The Essential Writers: Blood Brothers" (Profile of E. F., A. C. and R. H. Benson). Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone Magazine, pp. 63–70, May/June 1984.
  11. Jack Sullivan, ed., The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural. NY: Viking Penguin, 1986, p. 30.
  12. . Arnold. 1899 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-25) Google Books.
  13. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . G. New. 1892 Internet Archive.
  14. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . New. 1894 Internet Archive. Genealogy of the family of Benson
  15. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . John Lane. 1895 Internet Archive.
  16. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . R. Ingalton Drake. 1898 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-25) Google Books.
  17. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Eton. 1895. hdl:2027/hvd.hwilqf.
  18. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . New York. 1896. hdl:2027/hvd.32044086675808.
  19. . The Athenæum. 6 January 1900, (3767): 8–9 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-11).
  20. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . John Lane. 1900 Internet Archive.
  21. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Putnam. 1908 Internet Archive.
  22. . [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-26).
  23. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London. 1903. hdl:2027/inu.39000002156706.
  24. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Ibister. 1905 Internet Archive.
  25. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . J. Lane. 1905 Internet Archive.
  26. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . G. P. Putnam's sons. 1906 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-25) Google Books.
  27. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . English men of letters. S. Chand & Co. 1906. hdl:2027/njp.32101066385236.
  28. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Macmillan. 1906 Internet Archive. A. C. Benson Walter Pater
  29. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Murray. 1907 Internet Archive.
  30. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . E. P. Dutton. 1907 Internet Archive. The House of Quiet: an Autobiography
  31. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1908 Internet Archive.
  32. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. 1907. hdl:2027/uc1.b3742961.
  33. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. 1909. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7fq9th3h.
  34. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . J. Lane. 1909 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-26) Google Books.
  35. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1912 Internet Archive.
  36. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1911. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5k93398t.
  37. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1911. hdl:2027/uiug.30112074811271.
  38. Victoria. . London: John Murray. 1907. hdl:2027/umn.31951002171032u.
  39. Victoria. . New York: Longmans, Green & Co. 1907. hdl:2027/hvd.hx3v5u.
  40. Victoria. . London: John Murray. 1907. hdl:2027/osu.32435028626158.
  41. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1912. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t6154n414.
  42. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London, New York, Toronto: Hodder & Stoughton. 1912. hdl:2027/inu.39000002953664.
  43. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . New York and London: G.P. Putnam's. 1913. hdl:2027/uc1.$b682860.
  44. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1910. hdl:2027/uc1.$b682863.
  45. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London: James Nisbet & Co. 1913. hdl:2027/pst.000006729585.
  46. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1914. hdl:2027/inu.30000118996788.
  47. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . New York: The Century Co. 1915. hdl:2027/hvd.32044090316472.
  48. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London: John Murray. 1916. hdl:2027/uc1.b4078800.
  49. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Putnam. 1917 Internet Archive. Father Payne
  50. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . J. Murray. 1917 Internet Archive. Life and Letters of Maggie Benson
  51. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Smith, Elder. 1913 Internet Archive. Watersprings
  52. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Longmans, Green. 1915 Internet Archive. Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother
  53. Benson, A. C. . 1922.
  54. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes. 1923. hdl:2027/uc1.$b279316.
  55. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . Macmillan. 1905 Internet Archive. Edward Fitzgerald
  56. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London: William Heinemann. 1925. hdl:2027/uc1.$b682947.
  57. Benson, Arthur Christopher. . London: John Murray. 1926. hdl:2027/uc1.$b682862.
  58. . University of the South. 1906 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-26) Google Books.
  59. . 1897 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-25) Google Books.
  60. . 1893 [2021-12-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-26) Google Books.

来源

  • Edward Hewish Ryle (1925), Arthur Christopher Benson as Seen by Some Friends, London: G. Bell and Sons
  • Tuck, Donald H. . Chicago, IL: Advent. 1974: 39. ISBN 0-911682-20-1.
  • Keith Wilson (1990), "A. C. Benson," Robert Beum, ed., Dictionary of Literary Biography: British Essayists, 1880–1960. Detroit: Gale, 192–204.

外部链接

维基语录上的A·C·本森语录
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:A·C·本森
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