cD型星系
cD型星系[1][2]或cD星系[3],是星系型態分類中的一種類型,是巨大的橢圓星系,D型的子類型,有著恆星的巨大星系暈[4]。它們可以在一些富星系團接近中心的地區被發現[5],它們也被稱為超巨橢圓星系[6]或中心主導星系[7]。
cD星系
cD-型是在耶基斯星系分類中的一種類型,耶基斯星類中的一兩個類型依然被普遍的使用,包括D類型[8]。在"cD"中的"c"是指這些種星系都很大,因此是巨大星系,而"D"指的是這些星系的外觀是瀰漫性的事實[9]。 A backformation of "cD"背後的訊息通常意味著是中心主導星系 (central Dominant galaxy)[7]。 cD也經常被認為視周遭最大的星系[10][11]。
cD星系與透鏡星系 (S0) 或橢圓星系 (E#) 相似,但是大了許多倍,有一些的半徑發展已經超過百萬光年[12]。他們呈現類似橢圓的形狀,與巨大的低表面光度外層[13]。目前,我們認為cD是星系合併的結果[14]。有些cD有多個星系核 [15]。cD星系經常是在最亮團星系 (brightest cluster galaxy,BCG) 中的一種星系[16]。許多化石星系群星系也類似於cD BCG星系,讓一些理論學家推測cD星系是化石星系群發展的結果,然後新的星系團再累積在化石星系群的周圍[17]。然而,cD星系本身尚未被發現是場星系,不同於化石星系群[13] cD型星系大約有20%是最亮團星系 (BCG)[13]。
成長
赫柏特 J 路德在1965年率先提出cD星系是在星系團中心的螺旋星系經由星系合併形成的學說[18]。 在此一"吞噬"模式下的成長,會導致cD星系壓倒性的直徑和亮度[19],在星團中第二亮的星系通常是低亮度的,通常這是已經被"吃"的結果[20]。被"吃"星系的殘骸通常會呈現擴散的氣體和塵埃暈[19],這些暈的直徑可以達到300萬光年[14]。依據星系星系團的質量不同,估計cD星系團貢獻的質量在1-7%,而所有的重子質量在12.5維里半徑之內 [21]。
cD星系團
cD星系也被用來定義星系團。一個有著cD星系存在於中心的星系團被稱為cD型星系團或cD星系團 [26]。
cD星系的例子
參考資料
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延伸阅读
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