丁吉爾
丁吉尔“Dingir”(一般音译diĝir,明显的发音是/diŋir/)是一种楔形文符号,最常见于对“神”的指定,但它自身也有含意。作为一个限定词,它本身不发音,并且通常被译为上标“D”,如DInanna(女神伊南娜)等。一般地来讲,“丁吉尔”可译为“男神”或“女神”。[1]
苏美尔楔形文字符号(DIĜIR,[註 1]本身代表了苏美尔文字(天或天堂[2],苏美人神殿中的最高神“安”(An)和“diĝir”(神)的表意符。在亚述楔形文字中,它(安、DIĜIR,)可能既是“神”(ilum)的表意符,又是安或“ìl-”的音节书写符。在赫梯拼法中,该符号的音节值是再加一个“An。
苏美尔文化中“神”的概念与“天”有关,因为楔形文字中两个这样的符号就代表了“天空”,而其原来的形状是一颗星。因此,“神”的原义是与天空中显圣的“光明”或“光亮”相联系的。苏美尔的“丁吉尔”被认为可能与突厥的腾格里“天空,天堂”有关的一个外来词。[3]
楔形文符号
注释
- By assyriological convention, capitals identify a cuneiform sign, while the phonemic value of a sign in a given context is given in lower case. See also Sumerogram.
参考文献
引用
- Edzard, 2003
- Hayes, 2000
- Mircea Eliade, John C. Holt, Patterns in comparative religion, 1958, p. 94. The connection of dingir and Old Turkic tengere was made by F. Hommel in Grundriss der Geographie und Geschichte des alten Orients (1928). P. A. Barton in Semitic and Hamitic Origins (1934) suggested that the Mesopotamian sky god Anu may have been imported from Central Asia to Mesopotamia. The similarity of dingir and tengri was noted as early as 1862 (i.e. during the early phase of the decipherment of the Sumerian language, before even the term Sumerian had been coined to refer to it), by George Rawlinson in his The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World (p. 78).
- 玛格丽特.惠特尼.格林, 《苏美尔的埃利都》
来源
- 书籍
- Edzard, Dietz Otto. . Handbook of Oriental Studies 71. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. 2003. ISBN 1-58983-252-3.
- Hayes, John L. . Aids and Research Tools in Ancient Near Eastern Studies Second revised. Malibu: Undena Publications. 2000. ISBN 0-89003-508-1.
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