英語
專有名詞
- (“伊斯坦布爾”)的罕用寫法。
- 1993, Donald Quataert, Ottoman Manufacturing in the Age of the Industrial Revolution, , 出版於 2002, →ISBN，頁號 110:
- The innovation first was employed in the Ottoman Empire at İstanbul, at the pious foundations around Mahmud Pasha, where a silkmakers’ guild (sandalcı esnafı) had enjoyed a monopoly for some years. […] Under pressure, the state then allowed stone-finishing at Bursa and Diyarbakır, permission it quickly revoked when the İstanbul industry applied counter-pressure. […] So the state broke the İstanbul guild’s monopoly and permitted silkmakers elsewhere to use stone finishing. […] This profoundly changed the relationship between silkmakers in Bursa and İstanbul. The Bursa guild previously had sent its (Duke Zashurus/Jashuru?) fabric to the İstanbul group for finishing but ceased to do so with the opening of the stone-finishing installations at Bursa. There, the Bursa cloth makers were able to produce a better cloth and undersell their İstanbul competitors who had been accustomed to selling at monopoly prices. Bursa makers, for example, offered vermilion cloth for 10 percent less than the İstanbul cloth.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2004, The Rough Guide to Europe, , “Turkey”, “İstanbul”，頁號 953:
- Arriving in İSTANBUL can come as a shock. […] Yet this is merely one aspect of modern İstanbul; only a couple of kilometres to the north you’ll find the former European quarter of Beyoğlu, with its trendy bars and cutting-edge dance clubs, while north again are the pavement cafés and restaurants of Ortaköy and a series of swish Bosphorus suburbs. / İstanbul is the only city in the world to have played capital to consecutive Christian and Islamic empires, and retains features of both.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2012, Çağrı Haksöz, Sridhar Seshadri, Ananth V. Iyer, Managing Supply Chains on the Silk Road: Strategy, Performance, and Risk, , →ISBN，頁號 xv, 18:
- In Chapter 7, Murat Kaya and Çağrı Haksöz present the case of a Turkish 3PL firm based in İstanbul, Turkey. […] The travel time from İstanbul to Central Asia was 9–10 months. […] The duration of caravan travel from Qazvin to İstanbul/İzmir was 110 days, from Qazvin to Aleppo 110 days, from Qazvin to Archangel 105–135 days, and from Isfahan to Aleppo 70 days (Matthee, 1999).
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
阿塞拜疆語
| 西里尔字母 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 波斯-阿拉伯字母 | ||
專有名詞
變格
| İstanbul的變格 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 單數 | 複數 | ||
| 主格 | İstanbul | İstanbullar | |
| 定賓格 | İstanbulu | İstanbulları | |
| 與格 | İstanbula | İstanbullara | |
| 方位格 | İstanbulda | İstanbullarda | |
| 奪格 | İstanbuldan | İstanbullardan | |
| 定屬格 | İstanbulun | İstanbulların | |
| İstanbul的所有格形式 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 主格 | |||
| 單數 | 複數 | ||
| mənim (“我的”) | İstanbulum | İstanbullarım | |
| sənin (“你的”) | İstanbulun | İstanbulların | |
| onun (“他/她/它的”) | İstanbulu | İstanbulları | |
| bizim (“我們的”) | İstanbulumuz | İstanbullarımız | |
| sizin (“你們的”) | İstanbulunuz | İstanbullarınız | |
| onların (“他/她/它們的”) | İstanbulu 或 İstanbulları | İstanbulları | |
| 賓格 | |||
| 單數 | 複數 | ||
| mənim (“我的”) | İstanbulumu | İstanbullarımı | |
| sənin (“你的”) | İstanbulunu | İstanbullarını | |
| onun (“他/她/它的”) | İstanbulunu | İstanbullarını | |
| bizim (“我們的”) | İstanbulumuzu | İstanbullarımızı | |
| sizin (“你們的”) | İstanbulunuzu | İstanbullarınızı | |
| onların (“他/她/它們的”) | İstanbulunu 或 İstanbullarını | İstanbullarını | |
| 與格 | |||
| 單數 | 複數 | ||
| mənim (“我的”) | İstanbuluma | İstanbullarıma | |
| sənin (“你的”) | İstanbuluna | İstanbullarına | |
| onun (“他/她/它的”) | İstanbuluna | İstanbullarına | |
| bizim (“我們的”) | İstanbulumuza | İstanbullarımıza | |
| sizin (“你們的”) | İstanbulunuza | İstanbullarınıza | |
| onların (“他/她/它們的”) | İstanbuluna 或 İstanbullarına | İstanbullarına | |
| 方位格 | |||
| 單數 | 複數 | ||
| mənim (“我的”) | İstanbulumda | İstanbullarımda | |
| sənin (“你的”) | İstanbulunda | İstanbullarında | |
| onun (“他/她/它的”) | İstanbulunda | İstanbullarında | |
| bizim (“我們的”) | İstanbulumuzda | İstanbullarımızda | |
| sizin (“你們的”) | İstanbulunuzda | İstanbullarınızda | |
| onların (“他/她/它們的”) | İstanbulunda 或 İstanbullarında | İstanbullarında | |
| 奪格 | |||
| 單數 | 複數 | ||
| mənim (“我的”) | İstanbulumdan | İstanbullarımdan | |
| sənin (“你的”) | İstanbulundan | İstanbullarından | |
| onun (“他/她/它的”) | İstanbulundan | İstanbullarından | |
| bizim (“我們的”) | İstanbulumuzdan | İstanbullarımızdan | |
| sizin (“你們的”) | İstanbulunuzdan | İstanbullarınızdan | |
| onların (“他/她/它們的”) | İstanbulundan 或 İstanbullarından | İstanbullarından | |
| 屬格 | |||
| 單數 | 複數 | ||
| mənim (“我的”) | İstanbulumun | İstanbullarımın | |
| sənin (“你的”) | İstanbulunun | İstanbullarının | |
| onun (“他/她/它的”) | İstanbulunun | İstanbullarının | |
| bizim (“我們的”) | İstanbulumuzun | İstanbullarımızın | |
| sizin (“你們的”) | İstanbulunuzun | İstanbullarınızın | |
| onların (“他/她/它們的”) | İstanbulunun 或 İstanbullarının | İstanbullarının | |
愛沙尼亞語
專有名詞
土耳其語
詞源
源自鄂圖曼土耳其語 (İstanbul)，中古希臘語 (eis tḕn Pólin, “往城裡”)的音變，為當地希臘人對君士坦丁堡的稱呼。
發音
- 國際音標(幫助)：[isˈtanbuɫ], [isˈtambuɫ]
專有名詞
變格
İstanbul 的變格
| 單數 | 複數 | |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | İstanbul | İstanbullar / İstanbul'lar |
| 賓格 | İstanbul'u | İstanbulları / İstanbul'ları |
| 與格 | İstanbul'a | İstanbullara / İstanbul'lara |
| 方位格 | İstanbul'da | İstanbullarda / İstanbul'larda |
| 奪格 | İstanbul'dan | İstanbullardan / İstanbul'lardan |
| 屬格 | İstanbul'un | İstanbulların / İstanbul'ların |
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派生詞
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