词源

借自拉丁語 。的同源對似詞。

名词

(複數)

1. (歷史) 古羅馬兵營

词源

源自原始意大利語 ，源自原始印歐語 (“切開。分開”) (Watkins, 1969)。較舊的詞源 (1899) 認為派生自 ，並提出一源自梵語“詞根”的源頭 *skad-（“覆蓋”）。如果直接源自原始印歐語 ，則與梵語 (śastrám-, śástram-, “切割工具，刀，武器”)同源。^[1]參見 、。

发音

• (古典拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈkas.trum/, [ˈkäs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]
• (教會拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈkas.trum/, [ˈkäst̪rum]

名词

 n (属格); 第二类变格

1. 城堡，要塞
2. (多用複數) 兵營
   • 100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.9:

     Caesar exposito exercitu et loco castris idoneo capto […]

     凯撒让他的军队上岸后，选择了一个方便的地方作为营地 […]

参考资料

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “castrum”, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004167971, 页97–98
• castrum in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• 在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• castrum在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典), Hachette中的內容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
    
  • to disarm a person: armis (castris) exuere aliquem
    
  • to leave troops to guard the camp: praesidio castris milites relinquere
    
  • to mount guard in the camp: vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4. 43)
    
  • to keep the troops in camp: copias castris continere
    
  • to remain inactive in camp: se (quietum) tenere castris
    
• “castrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [印歐語詞源詞典] (德語), 卷II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, 页586