英语

词源


一个曾是修女的的妓女因恐惧和悔恨而畏缩（词义1）于墙角，其面前是Clement，一个多明我会的修士，其正试图帮助前者返回女修道院。出自Charles Reade所著的一本小说The Cloister and the Hearth（1861年）。[n 1]

动词派生自中古英語 (“高傲地俯身，屈尊”) [以及其他形式]，[1]源自古英語 、、 (“使...倒下，使翻转”)， (“屈服；畏缩；倒下；死亡”)的使役动词，[2]源自原始日耳曼語 (“使倒下”)，源自原始日耳曼語 、 (“倒下；翻转；屈服”)（源自原始印歐語 (“翻转”)）+ (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麥語 (“翻出内侧，使...外翻”)、荷蘭語 (“猛然转向”)、低地蘇格蘭語 、、、 (“畏缩，耸肩”)、瑞典語 (“猛然转向；猛然前倾；掷”)和西弗里斯蘭語 (“捏；戳；推；坚持，催促”)同源，且是的同源對似詞。

名词[3]和形容词派生自动词。

发音

  • (標準英音，通用美式) 國際音標(幫助)：/kɹɪnd͡ʒ/
  • （通用美式）音频：(檔案)
  • 韻部：-ɪndʒ

动词

(第三人稱單數簡單現在時，現在分詞，一般過去時及過去分詞)

  1. (不及物) 畏缩，退缩
    He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
    那只鸟撞到窗子上，让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。
    • Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
    • Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
    • 1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, 出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC，頁號 28:
      Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:London Jerry
  2. (不及物，比喻義) 畏惧，恐惧，恶心；(引申义)十分尴尬
  3. (不及物) （卑微地）躬身或蹲伏，卑躬屈膝
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; ], “Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15，頁號 113:
      [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1667, , “Book IV”, 出自 , London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號s 958–961:
      And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1846, , “To the Countess of Blessington”, 出自 The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:
      Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1891, , “How a Queen Loved”, 出自 Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y., Toronto, Ont.: , →OCLC, stanza I，頁號 155:
      Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
    • Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
  4. (不及物，比喻義) 献媚，拍马屁；卑躬屈膝
    • 1782, , “The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”, 出自 The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th版, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC，頁號 119:
      Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1851, , 章號 XI, 出自 , 卷 III, London: , →OCLC，頁號 105:
      Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1880 6月 23, , “The Ethnology of Modern Midian”, 出自 , 卷 XII (Second Series), London: John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […], 出版於 1882, →OCLC, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, [...])，頁號 286:
      Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, "Tat'hattim" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, "Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi)."
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  5. (及物，棄用) 将...拉近(身体部位)；皱起(脸)
    • Template:RQ:Nashe Lenten Stuffe
    • Template:RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra
  6. (及物，棄用) 对...点头哈腰；（点头哈腰地）陪同

变位

其他形式

  • (方言)

衍生词汇

  • ,
  • cringe-makingly (主英国, 口语)
  • ,
  • cringing (形容词, 名詞)

参见

名词

(可數 和 不可數，複數)

  1. (可數) 畏缩，退缩
    He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
    他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。
  2. (可數，比喻義) 卑躬屈膝
  3. (可數，英國，方言) 抽筋，痉挛
  4. (不可數，俚語) 尴尬
    There was so much cringe in that episode!
    那一集也太尬了。

形容词

(比較級，最高級)

  1. (俚語) 令人尴尬的 (指让人尴尬到不适的)
    近義詞： 、、、
    反義詞： (网络用语)

注释

  1. ↑ From Charles Reade (1861), XXXIII, The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages, 卷II (The Autobiography of a Thief), illustrated library版, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, 出版于c. 1900, OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.

参考资料

  1. ↑ “crenǧen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ↑ 对比“cringe, v.”, OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
  3. ↑ “cringe, n.”, OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

异序词

  • , ,

意大利语

词源

借自英語 。

名词

 m (無屈折)

  1. (新詞) 尴尬

波兰语

词源

非同化借詞，源自英語 。

发音

  • 國際音標(幫助)：/krint͡ʂ/
  • 韻部：-int͡ʂ
  • 音節化：cringe

名词

 m 無生

  1. (俚語) 尴尬
    近義詞： 、、

变格

延伸阅读

  • 參見cringe 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的內容
  • 參見波蘭語詞典PWN上有關cringe的內容

西班牙语

词源

借自英語 。

名词

 m (複數)

  1. (新詞) 尴尬

形容词

(無屈折)

  1. (新詞) 令人尴尬的
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