词源

源自中古英語 ，源自古法語 ，源自 (“内部”) +‎ ，源自晚期拉丁語 (“自内部”)，其衍生出法語 。

发音

• (英國，美國) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈdɛn.ɪ.zən/

• （美国）音频：

  (檔案)

• （澳洲）音频：

  (檔案)

名词

(複數)

1. 居住者；栖息生物

   The giant squid is one of many denizens of the deep.

   巨型鱿鱼是栖息深海的众多生物之一。

   • 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter 39,

     […] adversity bends the heart as fire bends the stubborn steel, and those who are no longer their own governors, and the denizens of their own free independent state, must crouch before strangers.

   • 1912: Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes, Chapter 6

     The cries of the gorilla proclaimed that it was in mortal combat with some other denizen of the fierce wood. Suddenly these cries ceased, and the silence of death reigned throughout the jungle.

2. 常客

   The denizens of that pub are of the roughest sort.

   那间酒吧的常客都是粗野之人。

   • 1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, Chapter 26,

     He was well known to the sallow denizens of the lane; for such of them as were on the look-out to buy or sell, nodded, familiarly, as he passed along.

   • 2015 2月 20, , “Let’s kick cold profiteering out of football, along with racism”, 出自 (London)‎:

     As a fan of West Ham United I’m always looking to legitimise my dislike of Chelsea FC. And on first viewing, this week’s jarring retro-Métro-racism seems like a good reason to condemn the denizens of Stamford Bridge.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

3. (英國，歷史) 一种类似永久居民的身份
   • 1548, Edward Hall, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke, London, The xiiii yere,

     Then by commaundement wer all Fre[n]chemen and Scottes imprisoned and the goodes seazed, and all suche as were denizens were commaunded to shewe their letters patentes […]

   • 1765, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 1, Chapter X, p. 374

     A denizen is a kind of middle state, between an alien and a natural-born subject, and partakes of both.

   • 1803, John Browne Cutting, “A Succinct History of Jamaica” in Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, p. xlv,

     All free persons were authorized and permitted to transport themselves, their families, and goods […] to Jamaica，源自any part of the British dominions; and their children born in Jamaica were declared free denizens of England, entitled to the same privileges as free born subjects of England.

   Though born in Iceland, he became a denizen of Britain after leaving Oxford.

   （請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）

4. (生物學) （某地区的）生物，植物

   The bald eagle is a denizen of the northern part of the state.

   秃鹰是这个州北部的生物。

5. 融入了其他语言的外语词

动词

(第三人稱單數簡單現在時，現在分詞，一般過去時及過去分詞)

1. (及物，英國，歷史) 给...授予公民身份，归化

   He was denizened to Ireland after fleeing his home country.

   他逃离祖国后归化到了爱尔兰。

   • 1664, John Evelyn, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber, London: 1670, Chapter 7, “Of the Chesnut,” p. 42,

     [The Horse-Chessnut] was first brought from Constantinople to Vienna, thence into Italy, and so France; but to Ʋs from the Levant more immediately, and flourishes so well, and grows so goodly a Tree in compe[te]nt time, that by this alone, we might have ample encouragement to Denizen other strangers amongst us.

   • 1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis, London: Jacob Tonson, The Third Satyr, p. 38,

     Poor Refugies at first, they purchase here:

     And, soon as Denizen’d, they domineer.

2. (及物) 使...充满常客
   • 1849, Joseph Dalton Hooker, “Extracts from the Private Letters of Dr. J. D. Hooker, written during a Botanical Mission to India” in William Jackson Hooker (editor), Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, London: Reeve, Benham and Reeve, Volume 1, p. 85,

     There were a few islets in the sand […] 。 These were at once denizened by the Calotropis, Argemone, Tamarix, Gnaphalium luteoalbum and two other species […] 。

异序词