英语

词源

源自晚期中古英語 、、、、 (“给...钱财，生计或特权；授予；（比喻义）有利于；赋予”)[1]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 ，源自古法語 (“进入”之意的后缀) + (“授予”)（源自拉丁語 （ (“授予”)的现在主动不定式），现代法語 ）。[2] dōtō又源自 (“彩礼；捐赠，赠礼”)（最终源自原始印歐語 (“给”)） + (构成规则第一类变位动词的后缀)。

发音

  • (標準英音) 國際音標(幫助)：/ɪnˈdaʊ/, /ɛn-/
  • (通用美式) 國際音標(幫助)：/ɪnˈdaʊ/
  • （正统英式）音频：(檔案)
  • 韻部：-aʊ
  • 斷字：en‧dow

动词

(第三人稱單數簡單現在時，現在分詞，一般過去時及過去分詞)

  1. (及物) 赠送，赠与，捐赠
    • Template:RQ:Speed Historie of Great Britaine
    • 1713, Gilbert [i.e., ], “The Additional Chapter. Chap. X. Of Presentations to Benefices, and Simony”, 出自 The New Preface and Additional Chapter to the Third Edition of the Pastoral Care. […], London: Printed for D. Midwinter […], and B. Cowse […]; [a]nd sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC，頁號s 27–28:
      Men began to build Churches on their own Grounds, at their own Charges, and to endow theſe; and they were naturally the Maſters, and in the true Signification of the Roman word, the Patrons of them.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1841 February–November, , “”, 出自 , 卷 III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, chapter 20，頁號 46:
      Finding her quite incorrigible in this respect, Emma suffered her to depart; but not before she had confided to her that important and never-sufficiently-to-be-taken-care-of answer, and endowed her moreover with a pretty little bracelet as a keepsake.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1999, Rupert Graf Strachwitz, “Foundations in Germany and Their Revival in East Germany after 1989”, 出自 Private Funds, Public Purpose: Philanthropic Foundations in International Perspective (Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies), New York, N.Y.: , →ISBN，頁號 232:
      The blessing of private initiative for public affairs is destined to be appreciated more deeply. Empty government coffers and a regular exchange of views with experts from all over the world add impetus, even if concepts developed indigenously sometimes still lack a realistic approach to the vital issue of endowing and funding new foundations.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (及物，后接，或罕见地接) 使...配备，赋予
    近義詞：
    • [c. 1471, , “Here is Shewid, What off the Kynges Livelod Geven awey, mey Beste be Taken a Geyn”, 出自 編, The Governance of England: Otherwise Called The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy […] (in 中古英語), London: ; , 出版於 1885 (1926 printing), →OCLC，頁號 135:
      Wherby we lerned þat it shalnot only be goode to owre prince, but also to vs selff, that he be well indowed; ffor ellis the patriarke wolde not haue made such a trety.
      Whereby we have learned that it shall not only be good to our prince, but also to ourselves, that he be well endowed; for else the patriarch would not have made such a treaty.]
    • 1590, , “Book II, Canto III”, 出自 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 25，頁號 225:
      Vpon her eyelids many Graces ſate, / Vnder the ſhadow of her euen browes, / VVorking belgardes [beautiful looks], and amorous retrate [portrait], / And euerie one her with a grace endowes: […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1599, The First Booke of the Preservation of King Henry the Vij. when He was but Earle of Richmond, Grandfather to the Queenes Maiesty: […], imprinted at London: By R. B. […], →OCLC; 再版為 ] 編, The First Booke of the Preservation of King Henry the Vij. […] (Illustrations of Old English Literature; no. 11), [London?: s.n.], 1866, →OCLC，頁號 31:
      Father Omnipotent, our Lord and only Redeemer, / […] with thy grace my ſpirit endow: […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1637, John Sym, “The Self-murderers Motives to Kill Themselves”, 出自 Lifes Preservative against Self-killing. Or, A Vsefvl Treatise Concerning Life and Self-murder; […], London: Printed by M[iles] Flesher, for R[obert] Dawlman, and L[uke] Fawne, […], →OCLC, §4 (Of Misunderstood Scripture Perverting the Iudgement; and the Remedy thereof)，頁號 199:
      Firſt, it is needfull that we be indowed with humility of ſpirit, that denying our owne ſelves and carnall reaſon, wee may ſubmit to take ſuch ſence and meaning of the Scripture, as it of it ſelfe affords, with the aſſiſtance of the helps of the Church; and not to impoſe upon it any ſenſe of our owne making; […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1811, , 章號 VIII, 出自 編, Literary Life and Select Works of Benjamin Stillingfleet, […], 卷 I (Literary Life), London: Printed by J[ames] Nichols and Son, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], →OCLC，頁號 119:
      [A]midst so many vicissitudes of fortune to which I have been exposed, amongst all the goods and evils, the joyful and gloomy, the pleasing and disagreeable circumstances of life, thou [God] endowest me with an equal, constant, manly, and superior spirit on every occasion.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Mary Shelley Frankenstein
    • Template:RQ:Hawthorne Marble Faun
    • 1890 10月 13, , “Introduction”, 出自 James Jeffrey Roche, 編者Mrs. John Boyle O’Reilly [i.e., Mary Agnes Murphy], Life of John Boyle O’Reilly, […] Together with His Complete Poems and Speeches, New York, N.Y.: Cassell Publishing Company, […], 出版於 1891, →OCLC，頁號 vi:
      Thus was he [] fitted to fulfill worthily the vocation of a poet. For it is not aimlessly that Divine Providence endows a human being with qualities so exceptional and exalted.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1993, H. Zghal, D. R. Strong, “A Perspective on the Use of Sensors in Robot Materials Handling”, 出自 M. B. Zaremba 編, Information Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology 1992: Selected Papers from the 7th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IMACS/ISPE Symposium, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 25–28 May 1992 (IFAC Symposia Series), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Published for the by , →ISBN，頁號 129，列號 2:
      [P]roper use of sensory feedback is required to grant the industrial robot the required sensing capabilities and to endow it with the intelligence needed for detecting and adjusting to environmental disturbances.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2005, Maurice H. P. M. van Putten, “Superluminal Motion in the Quasar 3C273”, 出自 Gravitational Radiation, Luminous Black Holes, and Gamma-ray Burst Supernovae, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: , →ISBN，頁號 1:
      General relativity endows spacetime with a causal structure described by observer-invariant light cones. […] Points inside a light cone are causally connected with its vertex, while points outside the same light cone are out-of-causal contact with its vertex.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2015, , “Wandering into Other Minds”, 出自 The Wandering Mind: What the Brain Does when You’re Not Looking, Chicago, Ill.: , →DOI, →ISBN，頁號 77:
      Just as we may endow people with physical properties, so we sometimes endow physical objects with human-like personalities or subjective states. Perhaps because of their capacity for interior accommodation, cars, ships, airplanes and even houses are often given female characteristics or referred to as 'she'.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2016 4月 7, , “ review – a crime drama packed with epiphanic grandeur”, 出自 編, ‎, London: , →ISSN, →OCLC，於30 December 2018歸檔自原頁面:
      It's bulging with giant confidence and packed with outbursts of that mysterious epiphanic grandeur, like moments of sunlight breaking through cloud-cover, with which endows apparently normal sequences and everyday details.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2023 3月 22, Philip Haigh, “Five configuration stages to boost Manchester rail capacity”, 出自 RAIL, 期 979，頁號 31:
      Historic England explained the listing: "The station's unique design employs a high level of sophistication and innovation through its use of conoid shells supported on a cruck-like frame, which not only create a dramatic aesthetic form, but endow the building with a light and spacious interior."
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  3. (及物，一般使用被动) 与生俱来地拥有
    近義詞： 、
    She was endowed with a beautiful voice.
    她天生一副好听的嗓音。
    • 1561, , “The Fourth Booke of the Courtyer of Count Baldessar Castilio unto Maister Alphonsus Aristo”, 出自 （譯者）, 編者, (The Tudor Translations; XXIII), London: Published by David Nutt […], 出版於 1900, →OCLC，頁號s 337–338:
      And thus shal the aged Courtier, although he exercise not the qualities that he is indowed withal, comebye his ende at length, to instructe well hys Prince.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1744, , “Lecture X. Hydrostaticks.”, 出自 A Course of Experimental Philosophy, 卷 II, London: Printed for W. Innys, […]; M. Senex, […]; and T[homas] Longman, […], →OCLC，頁號 349:
      [T]he late Monſ. Du Faye [i.e., ] obſerv'd, that there were two Sorts of Electricity, and that Bodies which are endow'd with one Sort of Electricity attract thoſe which are endow'd with the other Sort of Electricity, whilſt they repel thoſe which have the ſame Electricity.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1787 December, “Art. XI. Chemical Essays. By R. Watson, […] Vol. V. 12mo. 4s. sewed. Evans. 1787. [book review]”, 出自 , 卷 LXXVII, London: Printed for ; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], 出版於 1794, →OCLC，頁號 469:
      He [] produced many chemical, phyſical, and metaphyſical reaſons, which ſeem to render the ſuppoſition not altogether indefenſible, that vegetables are endowed with the faculty of perception.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Darwin Origin of Species
    • 1905 6月 1, “Letter from Paris”, 出自 The Monthly Musical Record, 卷 XXXV, 期 414, London: Augener Limited, […], →OCLC，頁號 113，列號 1:
      A young violinist, thirteen years old——made his first appearance in Paris on April 2nd, in his own concert at the Salle de Agriculteurs. […] Mischa Elman, indeed, is endowed with most precious gifts, for his art combines the legendary virtuosity of with the fulness of sound, the purity of style, and the nobility of expression of .
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  4. (及物，古舊或棄用) 给...逝世丈夫的遗产 （寡妇）；给...嫁妆 （新娘） （参见和）
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 22:16–17，列號 1:
      And if a man entice a maide that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he ſhall ſurely endow her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuſe to giue her vnto him, he ſhall pay money according to the dowrie of virgins.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Coke Institutes
    • Template:RQ:Blackstone Commentaries
    • 1823, Peter Lovelass, Niel Gow, “Of the Descent of Real Estates, or Estates of Inheritance. […]”, 出自 The Law’s Disposal of a Person’s Estate who Dies without Will or Testament. […], 11th版, London: Printed for R. Pheney, Charles Hunter, J. and W. T. Clarke, and H[enry] Butterworth, →OCLC, section II (How the Law Disposes of a Wife’s Real Estate; […])，頁號 125:
      A widow may be endowed of all her husband's lands, tenements, and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, under the restrictions before-mentioned, unless there be some special reason to the contrary. Thus, a woman shall not be endowed of a castle built for defence of the realm, because it ought not to be divided. But of a castle that is only for the private use and habitation of the owner, a woman shall be endowed.
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其他形式

  • (弃用)

衍生词汇

相关词汇

参考资料

  1. ↑ “endǒuen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ↑ 对比“endow, v.”, OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1891; “endow, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

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