The 108 Heroes are the main characters of the Ming dynasty classic Chinese novel the Water Margin, which was written in the 14th century and usually attributed to Shi Nai'an. The heroes are divided into the 36 Heavenly Spirits and 72 Earthly Fiends, groups that are based on a belief in Daoism that Ursa Major has 36 Heavenly stars and 72 Earthly stars. The 108 Heroes represent 108 demonic generals who were banished by Shangdi, a supreme god in Chinese folk religion. Having repented since their banishment, the stars are released from imprisonment by accident, and are reborn in the world as 108 heroes who band together for the cause of justice. The bulk of the novel describes the lives of these men and women and how they came to come together in Mount Liang to rebel against the evil forces controlling the court of the Song dynasty.
Appearances and mentions in other stories
One Heavenly Spirit, Lu Zhishen, is represented in a folktale as a sworn brother of Zhou Tong.[1]
According to The Oral Traditions of Yangzhou Storytelling, several popular folktales about Wu Song, a Heavenly Spirit, from the "Wang School" of Yangzhou storytelling, state that he killed the tiger "in the middle of the tenth month" of the "Xuanhe year [1119]" (the emphasis belongs to the original author).[2]
In Iron Arm, Golden Sabre, Sun Li, an Earthly Fiend, is portrayed as a fellow student of Zhou Tong and Luan Tingyu.[3]
In Louis Cha's wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Guo Sheng, an Earthly Fiend, is said to be the ancestor of the protagonist, Guo Jing.[4]
36 Heavenly Spirits
| Rank (L) | Rank (HS) | Star | Name | Nickname | Other names | Division | Designation | Origin | Ancestral home / Place of origin | Chapter of first appearance | Weapon | Picture | Fate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | Tiankui (天魁); Leader Star (天魁星) | Song Jiang (宋江; Sòng Jiāng; Sung Chiang) | "Protector of Righteousness" (呼保義) | Gongming (公明); "Timely Rain" (及時雨); "Filial and Righteous Dark Third Son" (孝義黑三郎); "Dark Song Jiang" (黑宋江) | Commander | Leader | Magistrate's clerk | Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong | 18 |  | Poisoned | ||
| 2 | 2 | Tiangang (天罡); Strength Star (天罡星) | Lu Junyi (卢俊义; 盧俊義; Lú Jùnyì; Lu Chün-i) | "Jade Qilin" (玉麒麟) | Commander | Deputy leader | Squire | Daming Prefecture (in present-day Handan, Hebei) | 60 | Spear, Cudgel, Pudao |  | Assassinated | ||
| 3 | 3 | Tianji (天機); Knowledge Star (天機星) | Wu Yong (吴用; 吳用; Wú Yòng; Wu Yung) | "Resourceful Star" (智多星) | Xuejiu (學究) | Strategist | Chief strategist | Professor | Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong | 14 | Bronze hammer | _(BM_1906%252C1220%252C0.1311).jpg.webp){kind=spacer} | Suicide | |
| 4 | 4 | Tianxian (天閒); Leisure Star (天閒星) | Gongsun Sheng (公孙胜; 公孫勝; Gōngsūn Shèng; Kung-sun Sheng) | "Dragon in the Clouds" (入雲龍) | Strategist | Strategist in charge of army formation | Taoist | Jizhou (present-day Ji County, Tianjin) | 14 | Sword, Taoist magic |  | Left before the Fang La campaign | ||
| 5 | 5 | Tianyong (天勇); Brave Star (天勇星) | Guan Sheng (关胜; 關勝; Guān Shèng; Kuan Sheng) | "Great Blade" (大刀) | Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) | Left General | Imperial general | Yuncheng, Shanxi | 63 | Blue Dragon Crescent Moon Blade (青龍偃月刀) |  | Dies of illness | ||
| 6 | 6 | Tianxiong (天雄); Majestic Star (天雄星) | Lin Chong (林沖; 林沖; Lín Chōng; Lin Ch'ung) | "Panther Head" (豹子頭) | Instructor Lin (林教頭); Little Zhang Fei (小張飛) | Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) | Right General | Martial arts instructor of the Imperial Guards | Dongjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan) | 7 | 8-foot-long (2.4 m) Snake Spear (丈八蛇矛); Pudao (朴刀) |  | Gets Paralysis | |
| 7 | 7 | Tianmeng (天猛); Fierce Star (天猛星) | Qin Ming (秦明; 秦明; Qín Míng; Ch'in Ming) | "Fiery Thunderbolt" (霹靂火) | Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) | Vanguard General | Imperial general | Kaizhou (believed to be present-day Puyang, Henan) | 34 | Wolf-toothed mace (狼牙棒) |  | Dies in the battle of Qingxi | ||
| 8 | 8 | Tianwei (天威); Prestige Star (天威星) | Huyan Zhuo (呼延灼; 呼延灼; Hūyán Zhuó; Hu-yen Cho) | "Double Clubs" (雙鞭) | Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) | Rear General | Imperial general | Taiyuan, Shanxi | 54 | Pair of steel clubs |  | Survives | ||
| 9 | 9 | Tianying (天英); Hero Star (天英星) | Hua Rong (花荣; 花榮; Huā Róng; Hua Jung) | "Little Li Guang" (小李廣) | Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) | Military officer | Qingfeng Fort (in present-day Qingzhou, Weifang, Shandong) | 33 | Spear; Bow and arrows |  | Suicide | |||
| 10 | 10 | Tiangui (天貴); Noble Star (天貴星) | Chai Jin (柴进; 柴進; Chái Jìn; Ch'ai Chin) | "Little Whirlwind" (小旋風) | Nobleman Chai (柴大官人); Ke Yin (柯引) | Logistics | Chief accountant | Nobleman, descendant of Chai Rong | Cangzhou, Hebei | 9 | Spear |  | Survives | |
| 11 | 11 | Tianfu (天富); Wealth Star (天富星) | Li Ying (李应; 李應; Lǐ Yìng; Li Ying) | "Striking Hawk" (撲天雕) | Logistics | Chief accountant | Squire | Yunzhou, Zhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dongping County, Tai'an, Shandong) | 47 | Steel alloy spear (渾鐵點鋼槍); Flying daggers (飛刀) |  | Survives | ||
| 12 | 12 | Tianman (天滿); Fulfillment Star (天滿星) | Zhu Tong (朱仝; Zhū Tóng; Chu T'ung) | "Lord of the Beautiful Beard" (美鬚公) | Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) | Constable | Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong | 13 | Sabre |  | Survives | |||
| 13 | 13 | Tiangu (天孤); Solitary Star (天孤星) | Lu Zhishen (鲁智深; 魯智深; Lǔ Zhìshēn; Lu Chih-shen) | "Flowery Monk" (花和尚) | Lu Da (魯達); Major Lu (魯提轄) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Garrison major | Weizhou (around present-day Pingliang, Gansu) | 3 | Monk's spade, Dagger |  | Survives | |
| 14 | 14 | Tianshang (天傷); Harm Star (天傷星) | Wu Song (武松; Wǔ Sōng; Wu Sung) | "Pilgrim" (行者); "Tiger-fighting Hero" (打虎英雄) | Chief Wu (武都頭); Grandmaster Qingzhong (清忠祖師) "Wu the Second" (武二郎) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Constable | Qinghe County, Xingtai, Hebei | 23 | Pair of sabres, staff | .jpg.webp) | Survives | |
| 15 | 15 | Tianli (天立); Steadfast Star (天立星) | Dong Ping (董平; Dǒng Píng; Tung P'ing) | "General of Double Spears" (雙槍將) | "Refined and Cultured General of Double Spears" (風流雙槍將) | Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) | Imperial general | Shangdang, Hedong (around present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi) | 69 | Pair of spears |  | Dies at the battle of the Dusong Pass | ||
| 16 | 16 | Tianjie (天捷); Agile Star (天捷星) | Zhang Qing (张清; 張清; Zhāng Qīng; Chang Ch'ing) | "Featherless Arrow" (沒羽箭) | Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) | Imperial general | Zhangde Prefecture (present-day Anyang, Henan) | 70 | Spear, Stones |  | Dies at the battle of the Dusong Pass | |||
| 17 | 17 | Tian'an (天暗); Dark Star (天暗星) | Yang Zhi (杨志; 楊志; Yáng Zhì; Yang Chih) | "Blue Faced Beast" (青面獸) | Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) | Military officer | Xintai, Linzhou (present-day Shenmu County, Yulin, Shaanxi) | 12 | Sabre, Spear |  | Dies of illness | |||
| 18 | 18 | Tianyou (天祐); Guardian Star (天祐星) | Xu Ning (徐宁; 徐寧; Xú Níng; Hsü Ning) | "Gold Lancer" (金槍手) | Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) | Instructor of Gold Lancers unit of the Imperial Army | Henan | 56 | Hooked Lance (鈎鐮槍) |  | Mortally wounded at the battle of Hangzhou | |||
| 19 | 19 | Tiankong (天空); Flight Star (天空星) | Suo Chao (索超; Suǒ Chāo; So Ch'ao) | "Impatient Vanguard" (急先鋒) | Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) | Military officer | Hebei | 13 | Golden Axe (金蘸斧) |  | Dies at the battle of Hangzhou | |||
| 20 | 20 | Tiansu (天速); Speed Star (天速星) | Dai Zong (戴宗; Dài Zōng; Tai Tsung) | "Magic Traveller" (神行太保) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scouting chief | Prison warden | Jiangzhou (江州; present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) | 38 | Sword |  | Survives | ||
| 21 | 21 | Tianyi (天異); Deviance Star (天異星) | Liu Tang (刘唐; 劉唐; Liú Táng; Liu T'ang) | "Red Haired Devil" (赤髮鬼) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Illegal trader | Dongluzhou (東潞州; believed to be present-day Changzhi, Shanxi) | 14 | Pudao |  | Dies in the battle of Hangzhou | ||
| 22 | 22 | Tiansha (天殺); Killer Star (天殺星) | Li Kui (李逵; Lǐ Kuí; Li K'uei) | "Black Whirlwind" (黑旋風) | "Iron Ox" (鐵牛) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Jailer | Baizhang Village, Yishui County, Yizhou (in present-day Linyi, Shandong) | 37 | Pair of axes, Pudao |  | Poisoned | |
| 23 | 23 | Tianwei (天微); Minute Star (天微星) | Shi Jin (史进; 史進; Shǐ Jìn; Shih Chin) | "Nine Tattooed Dragons" (九紋龍) | Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) | Squire | Huayin County (present-day Huayin, Weinan, Shaanxi) | 2 | Staff, Pudao |  | Dies at the battle of the Yuling Pass | |||
| 24 | 24 | Tianjiu (天究); Investigative Star (天究星) | Mu Hong (穆弘; Mù Hóng; Mu Hung) | "Unrestrained" (沒遮攔) | Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) | Rich man | Jieyang Town (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) | 37 | Pudao |  | ||||
| 25 | 25 | Tiantui (天退); Retreat Star (天退星) | Lei Heng (雷横; 雷橫; Léi Héng; Lei Heng) | "Winged Tiger" (插翅虎) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Blacksmith, Constable | Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong | 13 | Pudao | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10060).jpg.webp) | |||
| 26 | 26 | Tianshou (天壽); Longevity Star (天壽星) | Li Jun (李俊; Lǐ Jùn; Li Chün) | "River Dragon" (混江龍) | Navy | Navy leader | Ferryman | Luzhou (present-day Hefei, Anhui) | 36 | Sword | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10031).jpg.webp) | |||
| 27 | 27 | Tianjian (天劍); Sword Star (天劍星) | Ruan Xiao'er (阮小二; Ruǎn Xiǎo'èr; Juan Hsiao-erh) | "Tai Sui Who Stands His Ground" (立地太歲) | Navy | Navy leader | Fisherman | Shijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong) | 15 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10046).jpg.webp) | ||||
| 28 | 28 | Tianping (天平); Balance Star (天平星) | Zhang Heng (张横; 張橫; Zhāng Héng; Chang Heng) | "Boatman" (船火兒) | Navy | Navy leader | Pirate | Xiaogushan (in present-day Susong County, Anqing, Anhui) | 37 |  | ||||
| 29 | 29 | Tianzui (天罪); Guilt Star (天罪星) | Ruan Xiaowu (阮小五; Ruǎn Xiǎowǔ; Juan Hsiao-wu) | "Short-lived Second Brother" (短命二郎) | Navy | Navy leader | Fisherman | Shijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong) | 15 |  | ||||
| 30 | 30 | Tiansun (天損); Damage Star (天損星) | Zhang Shun (张顺; 張順; Zhāng Shùn; Chang Shun) | "White Jumping in the Waves" (浪里白跳) | Navy | Navy leader | Fisherman | Xiaogushan (in present-day Susong County, Anqing, Anhui) | 37 |  | ||||
| 31 | 31 | Tianbai (天敗); Defeat Star (天敗星) | Ruan Xiaoqi (阮小七; Ruǎn Xiǎoqī; Juan Hsiao-ch'i) | "Living King Yama (活閻羅) | Navy | Navy leader | Fisherman | Shijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong) | 15 |  | ||||
| 32 | 32 | Tianlao (天牢); Secure Star (天牢星) | Yang Xiong (杨雄; 楊雄; Yáng Xióng; Yang Hsiung) | "Superior to Guan Suo" (病關索) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Prison warden and executioner | Henan | 44 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10007).jpg.webp) | ||||
| 33 | 33 | Tianhui (天慧); Wisdom Star (天慧星) | Shi Xiu (石秀; Shí Xiù; Shih Hsiu) | "Daredevil Third Brother" (拚命三郎) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Firewood seller | Jiankang Prefecture, Jinling (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) | 44 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10055).jpg.webp) | ||||
| 34 | 34 | Tianbao (天暴); Savage Star (天暴星) | Xie Zhen (解珍; Xiè Zhēn; Hsieh Chen) | "Double-headed Snake" (兩頭蛇) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Hunter | Dengzhou (in present-day eastern Shandong) | 49 | Bronze forked spear (渾鐵點鋼叉) | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10045).jpg.webp) | |||
| 35 | 35 | Tianku (天哭); Crying Star (天哭星) | Xie Bao (解宝; 解寶; Xiè Bǎo; Hsieh Pao) | "Twin-tailed Scorpion" (雙尾蠍) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Hunter | Dengzhou (in present-day eastern Shandong) | 49 | Bronze forked spear (渾鐵點鋼叉) | .jpg.webp) | |||
| 36 | 36 | Tianqiao (天巧); Skilful Star (天巧星) | Yan Qing (燕青; Yàn Qīng; Yen Ch'ing) | "Prodigal" / "Wanderer" (浪子) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Lu Junyi's steward | Daming Prefecture (in present-day Handan, Hebei) | 60 | Crossbow |  |
72 Earthly Fiends
| Rank (L) | Rank (EF) | Star | Name | Nickname | Other names | Division | Designation | Origin | Ancestral home / Place of origin | Chapter of first appearance | Weapon | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | 1 | Dikui (地魁); Leader Star (地魁星) | Zhu Wu (朱武; Zhū Wǔ; Chu Wu) | "Resourceful Strategist" (神機軍師) | Strategist | Strategist | Bandit leader | Dingyuan (present-day Dingyuan County, Chuzhou, Anhui) | 2 | Pair of swords |  | |
| 38 | 2 | Disha (地煞); Malignant Star (地煞星) | Huang Xin (黄信; 黃信; Huáng Xìn; Huang Hsin) | "Guardian of Three Mountains" (鎮三山) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Imperial general | Qingzhou (in present-day Shandong) | 33 | Sword of Death (喪門劍) | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10010).jpg.webp) | |
| 39 | 3 | Diyong (地勇); Brave Star (地勇星) | Sun Li (孙立; 孫立; Sūn Lì; Sun Li) | "Superior to Yuchi" (病尉遲) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Garrison major | Qiongzhou (present-day Hainan) | 49 | Spear, Steel clubs | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10009).jpg.webp) | |
| 40 | 4 | Dijie (地傑); Prominence Star (地傑星) | Xuan Zan (宣赞; 宣贊; Xuān Zàn; Hsüan Tsan) | "Ugly Prince Consort" (醜郡馬) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Military officer | 63 | Sabre | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10058).jpg.webp) | ||
| 41 | 5 | Dixiong (地雄); Magnificent Star (地雄星) | Hao Siwen (郝思文; Hǎo Sīwén; Hao Szu-wen) | "Wood Dog of Well" (井木犴) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Imperial general | 63 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10049).jpg.webp) | |||
| 42 | 6 | Diwei (地威); Majestic Star (地威星) | Han Tao (韩滔; 韓滔; Hán Tāo; Han T'ao) | "General of a Hundred Victories" (百勝將) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Imperial drill instructor | Dongjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan) | 55 | |||
| 43 | 7 | Diying (地英); Hero Star (地英星) | Peng Qi (彭玘; Péng Qǐ; P'eng Ch'i) | "General of Heavenly Vision" (天目將) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Imperial drill instructor | Dongjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan) | 55 | Sabre (三尖兩刃刀) | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10064).jpg.webp) | |
| 44 | 8 | Diqi (地奇); Unique Star (地奇星) | Shan Tinggui (单廷圭; 單廷珪; Shàn Tíngguī; Shan T'ing-kui) | "General of Sacred Water" (聖水將軍) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Imperial drill instructor | Lingzhou (present-day Ling County, Dezhou, Shandong) | 67 | Black spear, Bow and arrows | ||
| 45 | 9 | Dimeng (地猛); Fierce Star (地猛星) | Wei Dingguo (魏定国; 魏定國; Wèi Dìngguó; Wei Ting-kuo) | "General of Holy Fire" (神火將軍) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Imperial drill instructor | Lingzhou (present-day Ling County, Dezhou, Shandong) | 67 | Sabre, Bow and arrows | ||
| 46 | 10 | Diwen (地文); Literature Star (地文星) | Xiao Rang (萧让; 蕭讓; Xiāo Ràng; Hsiao Jang) | "Sacred Handed Scholar" (聖手書生) | Chief secretary | Scholar and calligrapher | Jizhou (around present-day Jining and Heze, Shandong) | 39 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10051).jpg.webp) | |||
| 47 | 11 | Dizheng (地正); Upright Star (地正星) | Pei Xuan (裴宣; Péi Xuān; P'ei Hsüan) | "Iron Faced Magistrate's Clerk" (鐵面孔目) | Chief Justice | Magistrate | Jingzhao Prefecture (around present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi) | 44 | ||||
| 48 | 12 | Dikuo (地闊); Wide Star (地闊星) | Ou Peng (欧鹏; 歐鵬; Ōu Péng; Ou P'eng) | "Golden Wings Brushing Against the Clouds" (摩雲金翅) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Bandit leader | Huangzhou (in present-day Huanggang, Hubei) | 41 |  | ||
| 49 | 13 | Dihe (地闔); Whole Star (地闔星) | Deng Fei (邓飞; 鄧飛; Dèng Fēi; Teng Fei) | "Fiery Eyed Suan-ni" (火眼狻猊) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Bandit leader | Xiangyang, Hubei | 44 | Iron chain with spikes | ||
| 50 | 14 | Diqiang (地強); Strong Star (地強星) | Yan Shun (燕顺; 燕順; Yàn Shùn; Yen Shun) | "Multicoloured Tiger" (錦毛虎) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Bandit leader | Laizhou (around present-day Yantai, Shandong) | 32 | Sabre | ||
| 51 | 15 | Di'an (地暗); Dark Star (地暗星) | Yang Lin (杨林; 楊林; Yáng Lín; Yang Lin) | "Multicoloured Leopard" (錦豹子) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Wandering outlaw | Zhangde Prefecture (present-day Anyang, Henan) | 44 | Iron spear |  | |
| 52 | 16 | Difu (地輔); Assist Star (地輔星) | Ling Zhen (凌振; Líng Zhèn; Ling Chen) | "Heaven Shaking Thunder" (轟天雷) | Pyrotechnics | Pyrotechnics unit commander | Imperial artillery officer | Yanling (believed to be present-day Yanling County, Xuchang, Henan) | 55 | Cannon, Spear |  | |
| 53 | 17 | Dihui (地會); Meet Star (地會星) | Jiang Jing (蒋敬; 蔣敬; Jiǎng Jìng; Chiang Ching) | "Divine Mathematician" (神算子) | Logistics | Accountant | Bandit leader | Tanzhou, Hunan | 41 | |||
| 54 | 18 | Dizuo (地佐); Aid Star (地佐星) | Lü Fang (吕方; 呂方; Lǚ Fāng; Lü Fang) | "Little Marquis of Wen" (小溫侯) | Cavalry | Central Camp Defendant General | Bandit leader | Tanzhou (around present-day Changsha, Hunan) | 35 | Sky Piercer (方天畫戟) | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10056).jpg.webp) | |
| 55 | 19 | Diyou (地祐); Help Star (地祐星) | Guo Sheng (郭盛; Guō Shèng; Kuo Sheng) | "Comparable to Rengui" (賽仁貴) | Cavalry | Central Camp Defendant General | Bandit | Jialing (present-day Jialing District, Nanchong, Sichuan) | 35 | "Sky Piercer" (方天畫戟) | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10047).jpg.webp) | |
| 56 | 20 | Diling (地靈); Efficacious Star (地靈星) | An Daoquan (安道全; Ān Dàoquán; An Tao-ch'üan) | "Divine Physician" (神醫) | Medical | Physician | Physician | Jiankang Prefecture (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) | 65 |  | ||
| 57 | 21 | Dishou (地獸); Beast Star (地獸星) | Huangfu Duan (皇甫端; Huángfǔ Duān; Huang-fu Tuan) | "Purple Bearded Count" (紫髯伯) | Medical | Veterinarian | Veterinarian | Youzhou (present-day Beijing) | 70 | |||
| 58 | 22 | Diwei (地微); Minute Star (地微星) | Wang Ying (王英; Wáng Yīng; Wang Ying) | "Stumpy Tiger" (矮腳虎) | Cavalry | Cavalry leader | Bandit leader | Huai River region | 31 |  | ||
| 59 | 23 | Dihui (地慧); Bright Star (地慧星) | Hu Sanniang (扈三娘; Hù Sānniáng; Hu San-niang) | "Ten Feet of Blue" (一丈青) | Cavalry | Cavalry leader | Daughter of a squire | Yunzhou, Zhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dongping County, Tai'an, Shandong) | 47 | Pair of sabres, Lasso |  | |
| 60 | 24 | Dibao (地暴); Savage Star (地暴星) | Bao Xu (鲍旭; 鮑旭; Bào Xù; Pao Hsü) | "God of Death" (喪門神) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | Kouzhou (believed to be present-day Guan County, Liaocheng, Shandong) | 67 | Sword (闊刃劍) | ||
| 61 | 25 | Diran (地然); Correct Star (地然星) | Fan Rui (樊瑞; Fán Ruì; Fan Jui) | "Demon King of Chaos" (混世魔王) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | Puzhou (in present-day Chongqing) | 60 | Chain spiked mace (流星槌) |  | |
| 62 | 26 | Dichang (地猖); Wild Star (地猖星) | Kong Ming (孔明; Kǒng Míng; K'ung Ming) | "Hairy Star" (毛頭星) | Infantry | Central Camp Defendant General | Bandit leader | Qingzhou (in present-day Shandong) | 57 | Spear | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10041).jpg.webp) | |
| 63 | 27 | Dikuang (地狂); Crazy Star (地狂星) | Kong Liang (孔亮; Kǒng Liàng; K'ung Liang) | "Lonely Fiery Star" (獨火星) | Infantry | Central Camp Defendant General | Bandit leader | Qingzhou (in present-day Shandong) | 57 | Spear | .jpg.webp) | |
| 64 | 28 | Difei (地飛); Flying Star (地飛星) | Xiang Chong (项充; 項充; Xiàng Chōng; Hsiang Ch'ung) | "Eight-armed Nezha" (八臂哪吒) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | Pei County, Xuzhou | 59 | Spear, Flying daggers |  | |
| 65 | 29 | Dizou (地走); Walking Star (地走星) | Li Gun (李衮; 李袞; Lǐ Gǔn; Li Kun) | "Sky Soaring Great Sage" (飛天大聖) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | Pei County, Xuzhou | 59 | Sword, Javelins | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10019).jpg.webp) | |
| 66 | 30 | Diqiao (地巧); Skilful Star (地巧星) | Jin Dajian (金大坚; 金大堅; Jīn Dàjiān; Chin Ta-chien) | "Jade Armed Craftsman" (玉臂匠) | Head craftsman | Craftsman | Jizhou (around present-day Jining and Heze, Shandong) | 39 | ||||
| 67 | 31 | Diming (地明); Bright Star (地明星) | Ma Lin (马麟; 馬麟; Mǎ Lín; Ma Lin) | "Iron Flute Deity" (鐵笛仙) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Bandit leader | Jiankang Prefecture (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) | 41 | Pair of sabres | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10065).jpg.webp) | |
| 68 | 32 | Dijin (地進); Forward Star (地進星) | Tong Wei (童威; Tóng Wēi; T'ung Wei) | "Dragon Emerging from a Cave" (出洞蛟) | Navy | Navy leader | Salt trader | Jieyang Ridge (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) | 37 |  | ||
| 69 | 33 | Ditui (地退); Retreating Star (地退星) | Tong Meng (童猛; Tóng Měng; T'ung Meng) | "River Churning Clam" (翻江蜃) | Navy | Navy leader | Salt trader | Jieyang Ridge (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) | 37 | |||
| 70 | 34 | Diman (地滿); Full Star (地滿星) | Meng Kang (孟康; Mèng Kāng; Meng K'ang) | "Jade Flagpole" (玉幡竿) | Chief ship builder | Bandit leader | Zhending Prefecture (around present-day Zhengding County, Shijiazhuang, Hebei) | 44 | ||||
| 71 | 35 | Disui (地遂); Succeed Star (地遂星) | Hou Jian (侯健; Hóu Jiàn; Hou Chien) | "Long Armed Ape" (通臂猿) | Chief tailor | Tailor | Hongdu (present-day Nanchang, Jiangxi) | 41 | ||||
| 72 | 36 | Dizhou (地周); Complete Star (地周星) | Chen Da (陈达; 陳達; Chén Dá; Ch'en Ta) | "Stream Leaping Tiger" (跳澗虎) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Bandit leader | Ye (in present-day Handan, Hebei) | 2 | Iron spear |  | |
| 73 | 37 | Diyin (地隱); Latent Star (地隱星) | Yang Chun (杨春; 楊春; Yáng Chūn; Yang Ch'un) | "White Flower Serpent" (白花蛇) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Bandit leader | Jieliang, Puzhou (present-day Jiezhou Town, Yanhu District, Yuncheng, Shanxi) | 2 | Sabre |  | |
| 74 | 38 | Diyi (地異); Different Star (地異星) | Zheng Tianshou (郑天寿; 鄭天壽; Zhèng Tiānshòu; Cheng T'ien-shou) | "Fair Skinned Gentleman" (白面郎君) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | Suzhou, Jiangsu | 32 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10018).jpg.webp) | ||
| 75 | 39 | Dili (地理); Manage Star (地理星) | Tao Zongwang (陶宗旺; Táo Zōngwàng; T'ao Tsung-wang) | "Nine Tailed Turtle" (九尾龜) | Construction supervisor | Bandit leader | Guangzhou (around present-day Huangchuan County, Xinyang, Henan) | 41 | Iron shovel | |||
| 76 | 40 | Dijun (地俊); Handsome Star (地俊星) | Song Qing (宋清; Sòng Qīng; Sung Ch'ing) | "Iron Fan" (鐵扇子) | Banquet organiser | Farmer | Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong | 18 | ||||
| 77 | 41 | Diyue (地樂); Music Star (地樂星) | Yue He (乐和; 樂和; Yuè Hé; Yüeh He) | "Iron Whistle" (鐵叫子) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Infantry scouting leader | Jailer | Maozhou (present-day Changyi, Weifang, Shandong) | 49 | |||
| 78 | 42 | Dijie (地捷); Victorious Star (地捷星) | Gong Wang (龚旺; 龔旺; Gōng Wàng; Kung Wang) | "Flowery Necked Tiger" (花項虎) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Imperial general | Dongchang Prefecture (present-day Dongchangfu, Liaocheng, Shandong | 70 | Spear | ||
| 79 | 43 | Disu (地速); Speed Star (地速星) | Ding Desun (丁得孙; 丁得孫; Dīng Désūn; Ting Te-sun) | "Arrow-hit Tiger" (中箭虎) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Imperial general | Dongchang Prefecture (present-day Dongchangfu, Liaocheng, Shandong | 70 | Forked spear |  | |
| 80 | 44 | Dizhen (地鎮); Guardian Star (地鎮星) | Mu Chun (穆春; Mù Chūn; Mu Ch'un) | "Little Restrained" (小遮攔) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Rich man | Jieyang Town (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) | 36 | Sabre |  | |
| 81 | 45 | Diji (地嵇); Ji Star (地嵇星) | Cao Zheng (曹正; Cáo Zhèng; Ts'ao Cheng) | "Knife Wielding Demon" (操刀鬼) | Chief butcher | Butcher | Kaifeng | 17 |  | |||
| 82 | 46 | Dimo (地魔); Devil Star (地魔星) | Song Wan (宋万; 宋萬; Sòng Wàn; Sung Wan) | "Giant in the Clouds" (雲裏金剛) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | 11 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10066).jpg.webp) | |||
| 83 | 47 | Diyao (地妖); Demon Star (地妖星) | Du Qian (杜迁; 杜遷; Dù Qiān; Tu Ch'ien) | "Touching the Sky" (摸着天) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | 11 |  | |||
| 84 | 48 | Diyou (地幽); Tranquil Star (地幽星) | Xue Yong (薛永; Xuē Yǒng; Hsüeh Yung) | "Superior to Tiger" (病大蟲) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Medicine peddler | Luoyang, Henan | 36 | | ||
| 85 | 49 | Difu (地伏); Concealment Star (地伏星) | Shi En (施恩; Shī Ēn; Shih En) | "Golden Eyed Tiger Cub" (金眼彪) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Prison warden | Mengzhou, Jiaozuo, Henan | 28 | |||
| 86 | 50 | Dipi (地僻); Remote Star (地僻星) | Li Zhong (李忠; Lǐ Zhōng; Li Chung) | "Tiger Slaying General" (打虎將) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Medicine peddler | Haozhou (present-day Fengyang County, Anhui) | 3 |  | ||
| 87 | 51 | Dikong (地空); Empty Star (地空星) | Zhou Tong (周通; Zhōu Tōng; Chou T'ung) | "Little Conqueror" (小覇王) | Scouting general (cavalry) | Tiger Cub Scouting General | Bandit leader | Qingzhou (in present-day Shandong) | 5 | Spear (走水綠沉槍) | ||
| 88 | 52 | Digu (地孤); Solitary Star (地孤星) | Tang Long (汤隆; 湯隆; Tāng Lóng; T'ang Lung) | "Gold Coin Spotted Leopard" (金錢豹子) | Chief armourer | Blacksmith | Yan'an, Shaanxi | 54 |  | |||
| 89 | 53 | Diquan (地全); Complete Star (地全星) | Du Xing (杜兴; 杜興; Dù Xīng; Tu Hsing) | "Demon Face" (鬼臉兒) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Li Ying's steward | Zhongshan (present-day Dingzhou, Hebei) | 46 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10026).jpg.webp) | ||
| 90 | 54 | Diduan (地短); Short Star (地短星) | Zou Yuan (邹渊; 鄒淵; Zōu Yuān; Tsou Yüan) | "Forest Emerging Dragon" (出林龍) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | Laizhou, Yantai, Shandong | 49 | Flying Tiger Staff (飛虎棒) | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10059).jpg.webp) | |
| 91 | 55 | Dijiao (地角); Horn Star (地角星) | Zou Run (邹润; 鄒潤; Zōu Rùn; Tsou Jun) | "Single Horned Dragon" (獨角龍) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Bandit leader | Laizhou, Yantai, Shandong | 49 | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10015).jpg.webp) | ||
| 92 | 56 | Diqiu (地囚); Prisoner Star (地囚星) | Zhu Gui (朱贵; 朱貴; Zhū Guì; Chu Kui) | "Dry Land Alligator" (旱地忽律) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Bandit leader | Yishui County, Yizhou (in present-day Linyi, Shandong) | 11 |  | ||
| 93 | 57 | Dicang (地藏); Hidden Star (地藏星) | Zhu Fu (朱富; Zhū Fù; Chu Fu) | "Sneering Tiger" (笑面虎) | Brewery master | Tavern owner | Yishui County, Yizhou (in present-day Linyi, Shandong) | 43 | ||||
| 94 | 58 | Diping (地平); Level Star (地平星) | Cai Fu (蔡福; Cài Fú; Ts'ai Fu) | "Iron Arm" (鐵臂膊) | Chief executioner | Prison warden and executioner | Daming Prefecture (in present-day Handan, Hebei) | 62 | ||||
| 95 | 59 | Disun (地損); Harm Star (地損星) | Cai Qing (蔡庆; 蔡慶; Cài Qìng; Ts'ai Ch'ing) | "Stalk of Flower" (一枝花) | Chief executioner | Prison warden and executioner | Daming Prefecture (in present-day Handan, Hebei) | 62 | ||||
| 96 | 60 | Dinu (地奴); Slave Star (地奴星) | Li Li (李立; Lǐ Lì; Li Li) | "Life Taking Judge" (催命判官) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Tavern owner | Luzhou (present-day Hefei, Anhui) | 36 | |||
| 97 | 61 | Dicha (地察); Detective Star (地察星) | Li Yun (李云; 李雲; Lǐ Yún; Li Yün) | "Green Eyed Tiger" (青眼虎) | Construction supervisor | Constable | Yishui County, Yizhou (in present-day Linyi, Shandong) | 43 | Sabre | |||
| 98 | 62 | Di'e (地惡); Evil Star (地惡星) | Jiao Ting (焦挺; Jiāo Tǐng; Chiao T'ing) | "Faceless" (沒面目) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Wrestler | Zhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dingzhou, Baoding, Hebei) | 67 | |||
| 99 | 63 | Dichou (地丑); Ugly Star (地丑星) | Shi Yong (石勇; Shí Yǒng; Shih Yung) | "Stone General" (石將軍) | Infantry | Infantry leader | Gambler | Daming Prefecture (in present-day Handan, Hebei) | 35 |  | ||
| 100 | 64 | Dishu (地數); Number Star (地數星) | Sun Xin (孙新; 孫新; Sūn Xīn; Sun Hsin) | "Little Yuchi" (小尉遲) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Tavern owner | Qiongzhou (present-day Hainan) | 49 | |||
| 101 | 65 | Diyin (地陰); Yin Star (地陰星) | Gu Dasao (顾大嫂; 顧大嫂; Gù Dàsǎo; Ku Ta-sao) | "Female Tiger" (母大蟲) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Tavern owner | Dengzhou (present-day Penglai District, Yantai, Shandong) | 49 |  | ||
| 102 | 66 | Dixing (地刑); Execute Star (地刑星) | Zhang Qing (张青; 張青; Zhāng Qīng; Chang Ch'ing) | "Gardener" (菜園子) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Tavern owner | Mengzhou, Jiaozuo, Henan | 17 | .jpg.webp) | ||
| 103 | 67 | Dizhuang (地壯); Strong Star (地壯星) | Sun Erniang (孙二娘; 孫二娘; Sūn Èrniáng; Sun Erh-niang) | "Female Yaksha" (母夜叉) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Tavern owner | 17 |  | |||
| 104 | 68 | Dilie (地劣); Inferior Star (地劣星) | Wang Dingliu (王定六; Wáng Dìngliù; Wang Ting-liu) | "Living Goddess of Lightning" (活閃婆) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Tavern owner | Jiankang Prefecture (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu) | 65 |  | ||
| 105 | 69 | Dijian (地健); Healthy Star (地健星) | Yu Baosi (郁保四; Yù Bǎosì; Yü Pao-szu) | "God of the Dangerous Road" (險道神) | Chief flag bearer | Bandit | Qingzhou, Shandong | 68 | ||||
| 106 | 70 | Dihao (地耗); Rat Star (地耗星) | Bai Sheng (白胜; 白勝; Bái Shèng; Pai Sheng) | "Daylight Rat" (白日鼠) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Gambler | Anle Village, Yuncheng County, Shandong | 16 |  | ||
| 107 | 71 | Dizei (地賊); Thief Star (地賊星) | Shi Qian (时迁; 時遷; Shí Qiān; Shih Ch'ien) | "Flea on a Drum" (鼓上蚤) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Thief, Tomb raider | Gaotangzhou (present-day Gaotang County, Shandong) | 46 | Pudao | _(BM_2008%252C3037.10030).jpg.webp) | |
| 108 | 72 | Digou (地狗); Hound Star (地狗星) | Duan Jingzhu (段景住; Duàn Jǐngzhù; Tuan Ching-chu) | "Golden Haired Hound" (金毛犬) | Reconnaissance and intelligence | Scout leader | Horse thief | Zhuozhou, Hebei | 60 |  |
References
- ↑ Hsia, C.T. C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature. Columbia University Press, 2004 (ISBN 0231129904), pp. 448-449, footnote #31
- ↑ Børdahl, Vibeke. The Oral Traditions of Yangzhou Storytelling. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996 (ISBN 0-7007-0436-1)
- ↑ Wang, Yun Heng (汪运衡) and Xiao Yun Long (筱云龙). Tie Bei Jin Dao Zhou Tong Zhuan (铁臂金刀周侗传 - "Iron Arm, Golden Sabre: The Biography of Zhou Tong"). Hangzhou: Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 1986 (UBSN --- Union Books and Serials Number) CN (10103.414) and 464574
- ↑ (in Chinese) Cha, Louis. The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 1. Hong Kong Commercial Daily, 1957.
Bibliography
- (in Chinese) Li, Mengxia. 108 Heroes from the Water Margin, page 27. EPB Publishers Pte Ltd, 1992. ISBN 9971 0 0252 3.
External links
Media related to 一百单八将 at Wikimedia Commons- Media related to 108 Stars of Destiny at Wikimedia Commons
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