| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1550 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
|
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
|
| Gregorian calendar | 1550 MDL |
| Ab urbe condita | 2303 |
| Armenian calendar | 999 ԹՎ ՋՂԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6300 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1471–1472 |
| Bengali calendar | 957 |
| Berber calendar | 2500 |
| English Regnal year | 3 Edw. 6 – 4 Edw. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2094 |
| Burmese calendar | 912 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7058–7059 |
| Chinese calendar | 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 4247 or 4040 — to — 庚戌年 (Metal Dog) 4248 or 4041 |
| Coptic calendar | 1266–1267 |
| Discordian calendar | 2716 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1542–1543 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5310–5311 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1606–1607 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1471–1472 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4650–4651 |
| Holocene calendar | 11550 |
| Igbo calendar | 550–551 |
| Iranian calendar | 928–929 |
| Islamic calendar | 956–957 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenbun 19 (天文１９年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1468–1469 |
| Julian calendar | 1550 MDL |
| Korean calendar | 3883 |
| Minguo calendar | 362 before ROC 民前362年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 82 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2092–2093 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1676 or 1295 or 523 — to — 阳金狗年 (male Iron-Dog) 1677 or 1296 or 524 |
Colonisation of the New World in 1550
Year 1550 (MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
- January 6 – Spanish Captain Hernando de Santana founds the city of Valledupar, in modern-day Colombia.[1]
- February 8 – Pope Julius III succeeds Pope Paul III as the 221st pope.[2]
- March 12
- Arauco War: Battle of Penco – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche in modern-day Chile.
- Acapulco is founded by 30 families sent from Mexico City.[3]
- March 24 – "Rough Wooing": England and France sign the Treaty of Boulogne, by which England withdraws from Boulogne in France and returns territorial gains in Scotland.[4]
- March 29 – Sherborne School in England is refounded by King Edward VI.[5][6]
- April 16 – The Valladolid debate on the rights and treatment of indigenous peoples of the Americas by their Spanish conquerors opens at the Colegio de San Gregorio in Valladolid, Castile.[7][8]
- June 12 – The city of Helsinki, Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav I of Sweden.[9]
July–December
- July (at least) – John Dee finishes his studies at the Old University of Leuven.[10]
- July 7 – Chocolate is introduced to Europe.
- July 21 – The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) is approved by Pope Julius III.[11]
- October 2 – Battle of Sauðafell in Iceland: Daði Guðmundsson of Snóksdalur defeats the forces of Catholic Bishop Jón Arason who is captured and executed, resulting in Iceland becoming fully Protestant.[12]
Date unknown
- Altan Khan crosses the Great Wall of China and besieges Beijing, burning the suburbs.[13]
- The summit level canal between the Alster and the Trave in Germany ceases to be navigable.[14]
- The first grammatical description of the French language is published by Louis Maigret.[15]
- The first book in Slovene, Catechismus, written by Protestant reformer Primož Trubar, is printed in Schwäbisch Hall, Holy Roman Empire.[16]
- Nostradamus' first almanac is written.[17]
- Approximate date – The discovery of silver at Guanajuato in Mexico stimulates silver rushes.[18]
Births
King Charles IX of Sweden
- January 18 – Tsugaru Tamenobu, Japanese daimyō (d. 1607)
- February 17 – Philip of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, Dutch army commander (d. 1606)[19]
- February 22 – Charles de Ligne, 2nd Prince of Arenberg (d. 1616)[20]
- March 6 – Michelangelo Naccherino, Italian sculptor (d. 1622)[21]
- March 8 – William Drury, English politician (d. 1590)[22]
- April 5 – Andrés Pacheco, Spanish churchman and theologian (d. 1626)[23]
- April 9 – Giulio Pace, Italian philosopher (d. 1635)[24]
- April 12 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, Lord Great Chamberlain of England (d. 1604)[25]
- April 16 – Francis Anthony, English apothecary and physician (d. 1623)[26]
- April 18 – Alessandro Pieroni, Italian painter (d. 1607)[27]
- May 8 – John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1604)[28]
- May 25 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian saint and nurse (d. 1614)[29]
- June 16 – Marie Eleonore of Cleves, Duchess consort of Prussia (1573–1608) (d. 1608)[30]
- June 27 – King Charles IX of France (d. 1574)[31]
- June 28 – Johannes van den Driesche, Flemish Protestant clergyman and scholar (d. 1616)[32]
- July 3 – Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (d. 1591)
- August 6 – Enrico Caetani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1599)[33]
- August 8 – Petrus Gudelinus, Belgian jurist (d. 1619)[34]
- September 10 – Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander of the Spanish Armada (d. 1615)
- September 17 – Pope Paul V (d. 1621)[35]
- September 29 – Joachim Frederick of Brieg, Duke of Wołów (1586-1602) (d. 1602)[36]
- September 30 – Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1631)[37]
- October 1 – Anne of Saint Bartholomew, Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun (d. 1626)[38]
- October 4 – King Charles IX of Sweden (d. 1611)[39]
- October 8 – Antonio Zapata y Cisneros, Spanish cardinal (d. 1635)[40]
- October 25 – Ralph Sherwin, English Roman Catholic priest (martyred 1581)
- October 28 – Stanislaus Kostka, Polish saint (d. 1568)[41]
- November 1 – Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and Paderborn (d. 1585)[42]
- November 6 – Karin Månsdotter, Swedish queen (d. 1612)[43]
- December 2 – Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona, Spanish diplomat (d. 1606)
- December 6 – Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (d. 1605)[44]
- December 21
- Aegidius Hunnius, German theologian (d. 1603)[45]
- Man Singh I, Mughal noble (d. 1614)[46]
- December 22 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (d. 1631)[47]
- December 28 – Vicente Espinel, Spanish writer (d. 1624)[48]
- December 29 – García de Silva Figueroa, Spanish diplomat and traveller (d. 1624)[49]
- December 31 – Henry I, Duke of Guise (d. 1588)[50]
- date unknown
- Jacob ben Isaac Ashkenazi, Polish Jewish author (d. 1625)[51]
- Willem Barentsz, Dutch navigator and explorer (d. 1597)
- Anselmus de Boodt, Belgian mineralogist and physician (d. 1632)[52]
- Matthijs Bril, Flemish painter (d. 1583)[53]
- Helena Antonia, Austrian court dwarf (d. 1595)
- Sarsa Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1597)[54]
- Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Irish rebel (d. 1616)[55]
- John Napier, Scottish mathematician (d. 1617)[56]
- probable
- Robert Balfour, Scottish philosopher (d. 1625)[57]
- Henry Barrowe, English Puritan and Separatist (d. 1593)[58]
- Emilio de' Cavalieri, Italian composer (d. 1602)[59]
- Cornelis Corneliszoon, Dutch inventor of the sawmill (d. c. 1600)
- Philip Henslowe, English theatrical entrepreneur (d. 1616)[60]
- Brianda Pereira, Azorean Portuguese heroine (d. 1620)
Deaths
Saint John of God
- January 12 – Andrea Alciato, Italian jurist and writer (b. 1492)[61]
- January 22 – Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah, second ruler of Golconda
- January 28 – Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Schwerin (b. 1509)[62]
- February 22 – Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (b. 1533)[63]
- March 7 – William IV, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1493)[64]
- March 8 – John of God, Spanish friar and saint (b. 1495)[65]
- April 12 – Claude, Duke of Guise, French soldier (b. 1496)[66]
- April 13 – Innocenzo Cybo, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1491)[67]
- April 30 – King Tabinshwehti of Burma (b. 1516)
- May 18 – Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine, French churchman (b. 1498)[68]
- May 20 – Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1511)[69]
- June 13 – Veronica Gambara, Italian poet (b. 1485)[70]
- July 19 (probable date) – Jacopo Bonfadio, Italian historian, executed (b. c. 1508)[71]
- July 22 – Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra (b. 1481)[72]
- July 30 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (b. 1505)[73]
- August 18 – Antonio Ferramolino, Italian architect and military engineer[74]
- October 20 – Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria (b. 1488)[75]
- October 23 – Tiedemann Giese, Polish Catholic bishop (b. 1480)[76]
- October 24 – Louis of Valois, French prince (b. 1549)[77]
- October 26 – Samuel Maciejowski, Polish Catholic bishop (b. 1499)[78]
- November 6 – Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1487)[79]
- November 7 – Jón Arason, last Catholic bishop of Iceland (b. 1484)[80]
- December 6 – Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Flemish painter (b. 1502)[81]
- December 8 – Gian Giorgio Trissino, Italian humanist, poet, dramatist and diplomat (b. 1478)[82]
- December 29 – Bhuvanaikabahu VII, King of Kotte (b. 1468)[83]
- date unknown – Aq Kubek of Astrakhan, ruler of Astrakhan Khanate
References
- ↑ Socarrás, José Francisco (2000). Apuntes sobre la historia de Valledupar (in Spanish). Plaza & Janés. p. 105. ISBN 978-958-14-0324-0. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Hall, Marcia B. (18 April 2005). Rome. Cambridge University Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-521-62445-9. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Escudero, Francisco R. (1998). Origen y evolución del turismo en Acapulco (in Spanish). Universidad Americana de Acapulco. p. 33. ISBN 978-968-7524-02-3. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 218–223. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ↑ Doubleday, Herbert Arthur (1908). The Victoria History of the County of Warwick: Warwickshire. A. Constable. p. 348. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Wildman, W. B. (1902). A short history of Sherborne from 705 A.D. Sherborne: Bennett. p. 82. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Covey, R. Alan (January 2006). "Chronology, Succession, and Sovereignty: The Politics of Inka Historiography and Its Modern Interpretation". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 48 (1): 169–199. doi:10.1017/S0010417506000077. ISSN 1475-2999. S2CID 145472763. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ León Guerrero, María Montserrat; Aparicio Gervas, Jesús María (2018). "La controversia de Valladolid (1550-1551). El concepto de igualdad del "otro"". Boletín americanista (76): 135–154. ISSN 0520-4100. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Kent, Neil (2004). Helsinki: A Cultural and Literary History. Signal Books. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-902669-75-5. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Broecke, Steven Vanden (2003). The Limits of Influence: Pico, Louvain, and the Crisis of Renaissance Astrology. Leiden: Brill. p. 168. ISBN 9789004131699.
- ↑ O'Malley, John W.; Bailey, Gauvin Alexander; Harris, Steven J.; Kennedy, T. Frank (12 May 2016). The Jesuits II: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540-1773. University of Toronto Press. p. xxiii. ISBN 978-1-4875-1207-1. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Oleson, Tryggvi J. (1953). "Bishop Jón Arason 1484-1550". Speculum. 28 (2): 245–278. doi:10.2307/2849686. ISSN 0038-7134. JSTOR 2849686. S2CID 163514382. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Haw, Stephen G. (22 November 2006). Beijing – A Concise History. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-134-15033-5. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ "Alster-Beste Kanal (Alster-Trave-Kanal.)". Lost Canals of Schleswig-Holstein. 2007-05-29. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
- ↑ Emmons Jr., KINTZING (1972). "Preface". THE GRAMMAR OF LOUIS MEIGRET: ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF FRENCH LINGUISTICS (Ph.D.). Cornell University. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Joze Krasovec (1 October 1999). The Interpretation of the Bible: The International Symposium in Slovenia. A&C Black. p. 1078. ISBN 978-0-567-34563-9.
- ↑ Wilson, Ian (2002). Nostradamus : the man behind the prophecies. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-312-31790-4. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Bethell, Leslie (7 May 1987). Colonial Spanish America. CUP Archive. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-521-34924-6. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Tamse, C. A. (1979). Nassau en Oranje in de Nederlandse geschiedenis (in Dutch). A. W. Sijthoff. p. 81. ISBN 978-90-218-2447-5. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Lipsius, Justus (1978). Iusti Lipsi epistolae (in Dutch). Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België. p. 378. ISBN 978-90-6569-655-7. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ "NACCHERINO, Michelangelo". Treccani. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ "DRURY, Sir William (1550-90)". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Collado, Ángel Fernández (2000). Obispos de la provincia de Toledo (1500-2000) (in Spanish). I.T. San Ildefonso. p. 68. ISBN 978-84-920769-7-0. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ "PACE, Giulio". Treccani. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Nelson, Alan H. (1 August 2003). Monstrous Adversary: The Life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. Liverpool University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-78138-772-6. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sir Sidney (1908). The Dictionary of National Biography: From the Earliest Times to 1900. Oxford University Press. p. 519. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ "PIERONI, Alessandro". Treccani. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Kollectaneen-Blatt für die Geschichte Bayerns, insbesondere des ehemaligen Herzogtums Neuburg: insbesondere für die Geschichte der Stadt Neuburg (in German). Grießmayer. 1864. p. 7. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Todesco, Luigi (1958). Storia della Chiesa: La Chiesa al tempo del Rinascimento e della riforma (in Italian). Marietti. p. 350. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Kuhl, Joseph (1902). Der Jülicher kirchenstreit im 15. und 16. jahrhundert (in German). P. Hanstein. p. 57. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Alexandre Dumas (1999). La Reine Margot. Oxford University Press. p. 510. ISBN 978-0-19-283844-5.
- ↑ Herzog, Johann Jakob (1898). Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche (in German). J.C. Hinrichs. p. 46. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 18, 1585". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden, bevattende levensbeschrijvingen van zoodanige personen, die zich op eenigerlei wijze in ons vaderland hebben vermaard gemaakt (in Dutch). Van Brederode. 1878. p. 534. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Charles George Herbermann; Edward Aloysius Pace; Condé Bénoist Pallen (1913). The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church. Encyclopedia Press. p. 581.
- ↑ Boniecki, Michał (1875). Książęta szlązcy z domu Piastów: przyczynek do historyi rodzin panujących w Polsce, zebrany i ułożony przewaźnie z niemieckich źródeł. Zawiera okres od 1339 do 1612 roku. Część II-ga (in Polish). Ed. Wende. p. 355. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Seck, Friedrich (1981). Wissenschaftsgeschichte um Wilhelm Schickard: Vorträge bei dem Symposion der Universität Tübingen im 500. Jahr ihres Bestehens am 24. und 25. Juni 1977 (in German). Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 9. ISBN 978-3-16-444151-3. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia. 1917. p. 526. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Grolier Incorporated (1993). Academic American encyclopedia. Grolier. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-7172-2047-2.
- ↑ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of June 9, 1604". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Leven van den heiligen Stanislaus Kostka: novice van het gezelschap van Jezus (in Dutch). Mosmans. 1878. p. 3. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Schöne, Armin (12 May 2016). Die Erzbischöfe von Bremen und ihr Haus und Amt Langwedel: Geistliche und weltliche Herrschaft im Alten Reich, Band 1 (in German). Edition Falkenberg. p. 281. ISBN 978-3-95494-088-2. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Ahlqvist, Alfred Gustaf (1874). Karin Månsdotter (in Swedish). Central-tryckeriets förlag. p. 2. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Orazio Vecchi (in Italian). Modena: Accademia di scienze, lettere e arti. 1950. p. 9. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Seybold, David Christoph (1892). Zweihundert Hochachtbare Württemberger und unter ihnen weltberühmte (in German). Grüninger. p. 72. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Bhaṭṭ, Rājendra Śaṅkara (1976). Udaya Siṃha, Pratāpa Siṃha, Amara Siṃha, Mevāṛa ke Mahārāṇā aura Śāhaṃśāha Akabara: prācina ghaṭanāoṃ kā arvācīna adhyayan (in Hindi). Sphaṭika Saṃsthāna. p. 213. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Archivio Veneto (in Italian). Deputazione. 1883. p. 439. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Haley, George (1994). Vicente Espinel y Marcos de Obregón: biografía, autobiografía y novela (in Spanish). Diputación Provincial de Málaga. p. 29. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Alonso, Carlos (1993). La embajada a Persia de D. García de Silva y Figueroa (1612-1624) (in Spanish). Departamento de Publicaciones, Excma. Diputación Provincial de Badajoz. p. 21. ISBN 978-84-7796-851-1. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Williamson, Jayne Maloof (1968). The War of the Three Henries: Why?: The Motives Prompting Henri de Navarre, Henry de Guise, and Henri III to Engage in War, 1585-1589. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 54. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Landman, Isaac (1939). The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia in 10 Volumes: An Authoritative and Popular Presentation of Jews and Judaism Since the Earliest Times. Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Incorporated. p. 544. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ "[Boodt, Anselmus Boëtius de]". DBNL (in Dutch). Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Ruby, Louisa Wood (1999). Paul Bril: The Drawings. Brepols. p. 11. ISBN 978-2-503-50577-0. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Adejumobi, Saheed A. (30 December 2006). The History of Ethiopia. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-313-08823-0. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ O'Faoláin, Seán (1942). The great O'Neill, a biography of Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone, 1550-1616. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce. p. 361. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Havil, Julian (5 October 2014). John Napier: Life, Logarithms, and Legacy. Princeton University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4008-5218-5. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ↑ Forbes-Leith, William (1915). Pre-reformation Scholars in Scotland in the XVIth Century: Their Writings and Their Public Services : with a Bibliography and a List of Graduates from 1500 to 1560. J. MacLehose. p. 95. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ "Barrow, Henry". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1540. Retrieved 4 October 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Comerford, Kathleen (7 November 2016). Jesuit Foundations and Medici Power, 1532–1621. BRILL. p. 79. ISBN 978-90-04-30057-6. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Carson, Neil (5 January 2004). A Companion to Henslowe's Diary. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-54346-0. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Mearns, James (23 October 2014). "A consultation by Andrea Alciato on the laws of war". Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'histoire du droit / The Legal History Review. 82 (1–2): 100–140. doi:10.1163/15718190-08212p08. ISSN 0040-7585. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Raabe, Wilhelm (1896). Mecklenburgische vaterlandskunde: Abriss der mecklenburgischen geschichte von der ältesten bis auf die neueste zeit von staatskunde beider Mecklenburg (in German). Hinstorff'sche hofbuchandlung verlagsconto. p. 238. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Miscellanea di storia italiana (in Italian). R. Deputazione sovra gli studi di storia patria per le antiche provincie e la Lombardia. 1871. p. 170. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Haeutle, Christian (1880). Die Wittelsbacher als Herzoge, Kurfürsten und Könige von Bayern: vom Jahre 1180 an bis herab auf unsere Zeit ; geschichtliche Skizzen und Bilder aus Anlaß des siebenhundertjährigen Wittelsbachischen Regierungs-Jubiläums in Bayern ; nach acht Gruppen entworfen und zusammengereiht (in German). Reichel. p. 55. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ GOLDIN, GRACE (1978). "Juan de Dios and the Hospital of Christian Charity". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. XXXIII (1): 6–34. doi:10.1093/jhmas/XXXIII.1.6. PMID 344388. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. p. 559. ISBN 978-0-85229-961-6.
- ↑ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of September 23, 1513". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Hamy, Alfred (1898). Entrevue de François Premier Avec Henry VIII, À Boulogne-sur Mer, en 1532: Intervention de la France Dans L'affaire Du Divorce, D'après Un Grand Nombre de Documents Inédits (in French). Librarie de Lucien Gougy. p. ccvi. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ 足利義晴の群像 (in Japanese). 歴史研究会. p. 7. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Giordani, Gaetano (1842). Della venuta e dimora in Bologna del sommo pontifice Clemente vii. per la coronazione di Carlo v. imperatore celebrata l'anno mdxxx (in Italian). Alla Volpe. p. 55. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Atti della Società ligure di storia patria (in Italian). Società ligura di storia patria. 1908. p. 365. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ Aragão, Augusto Carlos Teixeira de (1898). Vasco da Gama e a Vidigueira: estudo historico (in Brazilian Portuguese). Imprensa Nacional. p. 13. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Drees, Clayton (15 April 2022). Henry VIII: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 240. ISBN 978-1-5381-2284-6. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Rivista italiana di filosofia (in Italian). Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. 1897. p. 248. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Revista de archivos, bibliotecas y museos (in Spanish). Montepio del Cuerpo Facultativo del Ramo. 1919. p. 248. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Michałowska, Teresa (1995). Łacińska poezja w dawnej Polsce (in Polish). IBL. p. 81. ISBN 978-83-85605-36-2. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Histoire genealogique et héraldique des Pairs de France (in French). Imp. Plassant. 1829. p. 90. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Uchańsciana seu collectio documentorum, illusrantium vitam et res gestas Jacobi Uchański (in Polish). J. Berger. 1895. p. 90. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Brady, Thomas A. (1995). Protestant Politics: Jacob Sturm (1489-1553) and the German Reformation. BRILL. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-391-03823-3. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Kalinke, Marianne E. (1 January 1996). The Book of Reykjahólar: The Last of the Great Medieval Legendaries. University of Toronto Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8020-7814-8. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Tentoonstelling Dirk Martens, 1473-1973: Tentoonstelling over het werk, de persoon en het milieu van Dirk Martens, ingericht bij de herdenking van het verschijnen te Aalst in 1473 van het eerste gedrukte boek in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden. Aalst, Stedelijk Museum-Oud Hospitaal, 1 september-31 oktober 1973 (in Dutch). Stadsbestuur. 1973. p. 152. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ "TRISSINO, Giovan Giorgio". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ↑ Queyroz, Fernão de (1975). The temporal and spiritual conquest of Ceylon. New York: AMS Press. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-404-09630-4. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
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