Abuhosro
Nutsal of Avars and Tusheti
Reignmid-VIII century
Predecessorunknown
SuccessorKhosro
IssueKhosro
ReligionChristianity

Abuhosro or Abu-Khusro,[1][2] also Abuhisro[3] and Abuhuasro[4] was the ruler of the state formation Sarir (modern-day Dagestan) in the middle of the 8th century and during the reign of which сaliph Marwan II invaded Dagestan.[5]

Etymology

His name is first found in the Georgian work “Historical Chronicle of Pseudo-Juansher”, which says that in the 8th century Tushetians, as well as “Khunz and all pagans of those places”[6] were ruled by prince Abuhosro, to whom the “Historical Chronicle” gives the Georgian title eristavi – "duke".[7][8] The second part of the name Abuhosro – "hosro" – means in translation from the Persian language "ruler, king"[5] or the own Persian name Khosrov. The first part of the name is "Abu" – is the Arabic word for "father"; part of the Arabic name (kunya), meaning "father of".[9] Forms a gender descending patronymic for the first-born son,[9] thus it turns out that he was the father of his eldest son, whose name was Hosro, but his own name is unknown, who subjugated the ruler of the Khundzia in 739.[7]

Origin

In the genealogy of the Avar Nutsals (rulers) in the historical chronicle of Muhammad Rafi (14th century) “Tarikhi Dagestan”, the first in the long list of the ancestors of Saratan Khan is Arskan (also called Aruskhan, Araskhan or Uruskhan (the latter literally translates as “Russian Khan”[10])). In the annals of the Ghazi campaign on the "Shubut" society, Urus is directly named the father of Saratan, and that they are the descendants of Abu-Khusro.[1][2] "Abuhosro" in the Georgian source "Pseudo-Juansher" appears as "a descendant of the rulers of the highlands."[11]

History

In the Georgian source “Historical Chronicle of Pseudo-Juansher” it is said that in the era of Marwan’s campaigns, who subdued Khunzakh in 739, Archil of Kakheti, the son of Stephen, was the ruler of the Caucasus and adjacent territories in Georgia, and his contemporary was the ruler of the Sarir people – Abukhosro. In the above-mentioned work it is reported that after the departure of Marwan II from Georgia, king Archil arrived in Kakheti. It is further said that at that time, prince Abuhosro, to whom the “Historical Chronicle” gives the Georgian title of eristavi (duke),[8] ruled over the people of Tusheti, which located in the upper reaches of the Andean Koisu, as well as ruled over “Khunz and all the pagans of those places”. At that time, prince Abukhosro also owned the Tsuketi region, usually identified with the basin of the Kurmukhchay river.

The king Archil did not express a desire to take away his lands from Abuhosro.[12] Instead, he built a fortified city of Nukhpati in the interfluve, but the caliph came and exterminated the Nukhpats”.[13] Researcher G. Geybullaev identifies "Nukhpati" – a fortress in the interfluve - with the Avar village of Nukhbik, which is about 25 km (15.5 mi) south of the modern city of Zaqatala.[7][14][15]

The last place where his name is mentioned in the сhronicler is that approximately 50 years after chaliph Marwan's campaign against Georgia, that is, between 785 and 787 the Georgian ruler Archil created an interesting marriage union.[15] He “married off a woman from the clan of Abukhosro” (according to another version, the wife of Abukhosro[15][16]), to one of the relatives of the South Georgian sovereign princes who bore the Iranian title of pitiakhsh (vice-king).[7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Vashtara. Nakh Teip". 2020-11-12. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2023-02-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. 1 2 Tesaev Z. A. (2021-05-16). "Chronicle of Chuban bin Sultan-Alibek's campaign against Shubut". Archived from the original on 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2023-02-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ↑ "Avar Khanate. Nutsaldom". www.hrono.ru. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  4. ↑ "Materials on the chronology and genealogy of the rulers of Avaria". 2013-08-19. Archived from the original on 2013-08-19. Retrieved 2023-02-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. 1 2 Aitberov, Timur. "Khundzia and Khundzia people". mylektsii.su. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  6. ↑ Tsulaya, Givi (1982). Chronicle of Kartli. Tbilisi. pp. 40–41.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. 1 2 3 4 Aitberov, Timur. Ancient Khundzia and Khundzia people. p. 37.
  8. 1 2 "Avar Nutsals dynasty". Гнездо Строителя (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  9. 1 2 "Abu — Wikisourse". ru.wikisource.org (in Russian). Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  10. ↑ Rafi, Muhammad (2014-07-15). "Tarihi Dagestan — History of Dagestan". Archived from the original on 2014-07-15. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  11. ↑ Suleymanov, Sevda. "Ethno-political history of north-western Albania in the light of archetypes in local sources". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ↑ Juansheriani, Juansher (1986). Life of Vakhtang Gorgasali (PDF). Tbilisi: Мецниереба. p. 64.
  13. ↑ Janashvili, Mose (1887). News of Georgian chronicles and historians about the North Caucasus. Tbilisi. p. 10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ↑ Khalaev, Zahid (2012). Ethno-political, cultural and religious history of the Dagestani speaking peoples of the Alazan valley in the 16th–18th centuries. Makhachkala.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. 1 2 3 "Древний Хунзах и хунзахцы — Ancient Khundzia and the Khundzians". khunzakh.ru. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  16. ↑ Bagrationi, Vakhushti. "Description of the Kingdom of Georgia". www.vostlit.info. Retrieved 2023-02-12.

Sources

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