Saratan I
Nutsal of Avars
ReignXI century
PredecessorUruskhan
SuccessorSurakat I
BornKhunzakh, Sarir
IssueSurakat I, Kakhru
FatherUruskhan

Saratan I or Sirtan[1] (11th-century) was a nutsal (ruler) of the state formation Avar Nutsaldom.

Origin

In the historical chronicle of Muhammad Rafi (XIV century) "Tarikhi Dagestan"[2] a genealogy[3] is given in which Sirtan is called the son of Uruskhan and their origin goes back to the ruler Abuhosro.[4]

Biography

In "Tarikhi Dagestan" it is said that the penultimate pre-Islamic ruler of Avar lands was prince Surakat, who had an ancient Arabic name and was the son of Saratan.[5] According to the “History of the village of Argvani”, the named Surakat ruled between 1038–39 and 1247–48,[5] according to some data in the 11th-century,[5][6] according to others in the 12th-century.[7] If Saratan lived in the first half of the 13th century, then his ancestor Uruskhan falls on the 7th century, in the period before the Arab invasion.[8]

The medieval Christian Dagestan state of Sarir began to fall apart due to confrontation and internal wars between the inhabitants of Christians, Jews, pagans and Muslims. In the 11th century, its western lands (modern Botlikh, Tsumadin and Akhvakh districts) broke away from Sarir, which were formed into the Andi possession.[9] According to E. M. Schilling, “the entire territory along the left bank of the Andi Koysu river is considered as belonging to Zhugyutkhan (literally “Jewish Khan”), and the right-bank lands belong to Surakat of Avar.”[9] “According to the historical legends of the Andi valley village of Muni,” wrote M. A. Aglarov, “there once existed a vast state, headed by Zhugyut Khan".

Nutsal Saratan received tribute from the subject population in Dagestan itself and beyond.[10] The river al-Ghanam (Arabic: "Sheep River"), which crosses Avar lands and which is large freezing in winter and flows into the Caspian Sea[11] Vladimir Minorsky identifies with Sulak river.[12] At the outlet of the Sulak river from the mountain gorges to the Caspian plain, the northern capital, the ancient town of Gelbach was located.[1]

Saratan was succeeded by his son Surakat I,[13] who ruled not from Khunzakh, but from Tanusi,[1][14] while Surakat's brother, another son of Saratan named Kakhru had a residence in Gelbakh.[15]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Aliev, Bagmomed (2021-08-22). "The struggle of the peoples of Dagestan against foreign invaders" (PDF). Makhachkala. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  2. ↑ Rafi, Muhammad (2014-07-15). "Tarihi Dagestan — History of Dagestan". Archived from the original on 2014-07-15. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  3. ↑ "Neue Seite 1". www.vostlit.info. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  4. ↑ "Vashtara. Nakh Teip". 2020-11-12. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  5. 1 2 3 Aitberov, Timur. "Ancient Khundzia. Events pf the 10th-century". mylektsii.su. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  6. ↑ Bakikhanov, Abbasgulu. "Golestan-e Eram (The Blooming Flower Garden)". docviewer.yandex.ru. Baku: Elm. p. 31. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  7. ↑ Semyonov, Nanu (1895). Natives of the northeastern Caucasus. St. Petersburg. p. 502.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ↑ "Avar Nutsals dynasty". Гнездо Строителя (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  9. 1 2 Agalarov, Mamaykhan (2002). Peoples of Dagestan. p. 12.
  10. ↑ History of Dagestan. Makhachkala: Publishing House of the Research Institute of Pedagogy. 2002. p. 82.
  11. ↑ Konovalov, Irina (2009). Eastern Europe in the writings of Arab geographers of the 13th—14th centuries. Moscow: Eastern literature. p. 117. ISBN 978-5-02-036420-2.
  12. ↑ Minorsky, Vladimir (1963). History of Shirvan and Derbent. Moscow. p. 119.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ↑ History of Dagestan. Makhachkala: Publishing House of the Research Institute of Pedagogy. 2002. p. 82.
  14. ↑ Aitberov, Timur. "Ancient Khundzia. Events pf the 10th-century". mylektsii.su. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
  15. ↑ Ataev M. M. (195). Avaria in the 10th–15th centuries. Makhachkala. p. 126.

Sources

  • Aliev, Bagmomed (2002). "The struggle of the peoples of Dagestan against foreign invaders". Makhachkala. ISBN 5-94434-009-6.
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